Yintoni iNkqubo yokuHlolwa kweMoto?

I. Intshayelelo

Kwimeko eguqukayo ngokukhawuleza yezothutho zanamhlanje, ukubaluleka kweenkqubo zokubona imoto ayikwazi ukugqithiswa. Ezi nkqubo zintsonkothileyo zisebenza njengelitye lembombo kuthutho olukrelekrele, ukomeleza ukubekwa esweni kwezithuthi, ukhuseleko kwiimoto, kwaneenkqubo zokucupha. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, iinkqubo zokubona imoto ziye zaba yinxalenye yokulawula ukuhamba kwezithuthi, ukunciphisa ingxinano, nokuqinisekisa iindlela ezikhuselekileyo. Ngokubonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela kunye nohlalutyo, ezi nkqubo ziququzelela ulawulo lwezithuthi olusebenzayo kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko asebenzayo, okubalulekileyo kwiziseko ezingundoqo zanamhlanje ezidibeneyo.

Isiqulatho

• I. Yintoni iNkqubo yokuHlolwa kweMoto?
• 2. Iindidi zeeTekhnoloji zokubona iiMoto
• 3. Zisebenza Njani IiNkqubo zokuHlola iiMoto?
• 4. Izicelo zeeNkqubo zokuHlola iiMoto
• 5. IiNzuzo zeNkqubo yokuHlola iiMoto
• 6. Imingeni kunye neMida
• 7. IiNdlela zexesha elizayo kwiiNkqubo zokuHlola iiMoto
• 8. Isiphelo

Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha

Iinkqubo zokubona imoto zibalulekile kuthutho olukrelekrele.

Baphucula ukujongwa kwezithuthi kunye nokhuseleko kwiimoto.

Idatha yexesha lokwenyani ebonelelwe ngezi nkqubo inceda kulawulo olusebenzayo lwezithuthi.

Iinkqubo zokubona imoto zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokucupha.

Ukudityaniswa kwezi nkqubo kunegalelo kwindlela ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo.

Yintoni iNkqubo yokuHlolwa kweMoto?

Inkqubo yokukhangela imoto bubuchwepheshe obuphezulu obuyilelwe ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulandelela izithuthi. Ukusebenzisa umbono wekhompyuter kunye ne-algorithms yokufunda nzulu, ezi nkqubo zinokuhlalutya imifanekiso kunye nokutya kwevidiyo ukubona ubukho beemoto. Embindini wezi nkqubo kukho itekhnoloji yeenzwa ezahlukeneyo eziqokelela idatha yexesha lokwenyani ukusuka kokusingqongileyo.

Ngokusebenzisa iindlela eziphucukileyo zokucwangcisa imifanekiso, inkqubo inokutolika ulwazi olubonakalayo kunye nokuchonga iimpawu ezithile zezithuthi. Le nkqubo iphinda iphuculwe ngokuqaphela into, eyenza inkqubo yokwahlula iimoto kwezinye izinto ezikungqongileyo.

Iinkqubo zokubona imoto zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizisombululo zothutho ezikrelekrele. Ngokufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokubeka iliso kwizithuthi, ezi nkqubo zinegalelo kulawulo lwendlela, ukuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo, kunye nezicelo ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko.

Iindidi zeeTekhnoloji zokuFumana iiMoto

Iinkqubo zokubona iimoto zithembele kakhulu kwiiteknoloji ezininzi eziphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokusebenza kakuhle. Inqununu phakathi kwezi ziinkqubo zeradar, iteknoloji yelidar, i-ultrasonic sensors, iteknoloji ye-infrared, kunye nokufunda koomatshini. Itekhnoloji nganye inika amandla awodwa, ukubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubona isithuthi kunye nokuhlelwa.

Iinkqubo zeradazithandwa ekubhaqweni kwemoto ngenxa yokukwazi ukubona umgama wento kunye nesantya, kungakhathaliseki ukukhanya kunye neemeko zemozulu. Ezi nkqubo zikhupha amaza erediyo athi atsibe kwizinto, enikezela ngedatha echanekileyo malunga nokusingqongileyo.

Itekhnoloji yeLidar, okanye ukubonwa kokukhanya kunye nokusukela, kusebenzisa i-laser pulses ukudala iimephu eziphezulu zokusingqongileyo. Ichaneke ngokukodwa ekulinganiseni imigama kunye nokuchonga izinto, oko kuyenza ibe licandelo elibalulekileyo ekuqhubeni ngokuzimeleyo kunye neenkqubo zokuncedisa umqhubi eziphucukileyo (ADAS).

Iinzwa ze-ultrasoniczisetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala ukukhangela uluhlu olusondeleyo. Basebenza ngokukhupha amaza esandi kunye nokulinganisa ixesha elithathayo ukuze i-echo ibuye emva kokubonakalisa izinto ezikufutshane. Ezi zivamvo zisoloko zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zoncedo lokupaka.

Itekhnoloji ye-infrarediphucula ukubona ebusuku kunye nokubonakala okuncinci. Ngokufumanisa imitha ye-infrared (ubushushu) ekhutshwa zizinto, ezi nkqubo zinokuchonga izithuthi, abahambi ngeenyawo, kunye neminye imiqobo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya.

Ngaphaya koko, ukudityaniswa kokufunda koomatshini kuye kwaguqula ubuchwephesha bokubona imoto. Ngokuhlalutya ubuninzi bedatha, i-algorithms yokufunda koomatshini iphucula ukuchaneka kunye nobuchule bokuxela kwangaphambili obu buchwepheshe ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kukhokelela ekubhaqweni okungcono, ulwahlulo, kunye nokuphendula kwiindawo zokuqhuba eziguqukayo.

Isishwankathelo, ukudibanisa kweenkqubo ze-radar, iteknoloji ye-lidar, i-ultrasonic sensors, iteknoloji ye-infrared, kunye nokufunda komatshini kubumba inkqubo yokufumanisa imoto eqinile, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwizithuthi zanamhlanje.

Zisebenza Njani Iinkqubo Zokuchongwa Kwemoto?

Iinkqubo zokubona iimoto zisebenza ngothungelwano lweenzwa kunye neekhamera, zibonelela ngokubonwa kwangexesha lokwenyani ukuqinisa ukhuseleko lwesithuthi kunye nokusebenza. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa i-algorithms ephucukileyo ukusetyenzwa kwedatha evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, evumela iimpawu ezifana nolawulo lokuhamba ngenqanawa, isilumkiso sokuhamba kwindlela, kunye noncedo lokupaka.

Inxalenye ephambili yeenkqubo zokubona imoto kukukwazi ukuchonga nokusabela kwizinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nemiqobo, kubandakanywa nezinye izithuthi kunye nabahamba ngeenyawo. Oku kufezwa ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ezifakwe kufutshane nesithuthi, ezihlala zibeka iliso kwindawo eyingqongileyo. Umzekelo, ubhaqo lwabahambi ngeenyawo lusebenzisa indibaniselwano yeekhamera kunye nerada ukuchonga abantu endleleni kunye nokuqalisa ukuqhotsa okuzenzekelayo ukuba kufunyaniswe ukungqubana okunokwenzeka.

Ukudityaniswa kobu bugcisa bubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukungqubana. Ngokuqhubeka nokuhlalutya indawo yesithuthi, inkqubo inokwenza izigqibo zokwahlula-hlula ukuthintela iingozi. Ngezantsi itheyibhile ebonisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo zokubona imoto:

Usetyenziso lweeNkqubo zokuQatshelwa kweeMoto

Iinkqubo zokubona iimoto zinezicelo ezahlukeneyo ezinegalelo elikhulu kulawulo lwezithuthi, uphuhliso lwezixeko ezikrelekrele, kunye nokudityaniswa kwezithuthi ezizimeleyo. Ezi nkqubo ziququzelela ucazululo lokuhamba kwezithuthi olusebenzayo, zenza abacwangcisi basezidolophini bayile iziseko ezingundoqo ezingcono nokwandisa ukhuseleko ezindleleni.

Kwinkalo yonyanzeliso lomthetho, ukuqondwa kwepleyiti yephepha-mvume kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulandeleni nasekulawuleni amatyala anxulumene nezithuthi. Ngokuchonga ngokuzenzekelayo iipleyiti zelayisensi yesithuthi, abasemagunyeni banokunyanzelisa ngokufanelekileyo imithetho yendlela kwaye banciphise iimeko zokuphulwa kwemithetho yendlela. Obu bugcisa bukwaluncedo ekulawuleni ukuqokelelwa kwerhafu kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweendawo zokupaka kwiindawo ezisezidolophini.

Ngaphaya koko, iinkqubo zokubona imoto zibalulekile kuhambo kunye nokusebenza kwezithuthi ezizimeleyo. Ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela elinceda izithuthi ezizimeleyo ukuba zihambe kwindawo enzima yasezidolophini, ziphucule zombini ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Oku kudityaniswa komthungo kobuchwephesha bokubona imoto kunye nezithuthi ezizimeleyo sisiseko sophuhliso lwezixeko ezikrelekrele ezizayo.

Izibonelelo zeNkqubo yokuFumana iMoto

Ukudityaniswa kweenkqubo zokubona imoto kuzisa intaphane yeenzuzo eziphakamisa kakhulu ukhuseleko ezindleleni kunye nokwandisa ulawulo lwezithuthi. Ezi nkqubo zibalulekile ekuthinteleni ukungqubana, ukunika abaqhubi izilumkiso zexesha lokwenyani ukuthintela iingozi. Ngokulandela umkhondo wesithuthi ochanekileyo, abasemagunyeni banokubeka esweni ukuhamba kwezithuthi kwaye babone izinto ezingaqhelekanga, beqinisekisa ukuba iindlela ezilula nezikhuselekileyo.

Ngaphezu koko, obu bugcisa bunegalelo ekubekeni iliso kokusingqongileyo ngokunciphisa ingxinano, ekhokelela ekungcoliseni ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nokukhuthaza indawo engqongileyo eluhlaza. Ngokuchonga iziphazamiso zendlela, ezo nkqubo zinokulawula ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ziphambukise itrafiki, ukunciphisa imiqobo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweendlela ngokubanzi. Ukudityaniswa kobuchwephesha kunye nokhuseleko ngeenkqubo zokubona iimoto ziluncedo ekukhuthazeni uthungelwano lwezothutho lwasezidolophini olukhuselekileyo nolunge ngakumbi.

Imingeni kunye neMida

Enye yeengxaki eziphambili ezijongene neenkqubo zokubona imoto kukusebenza kwazo phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezimbi. Imvula, ikhephu, kunye nenkungu inokunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokubonwa okusekwe kwikhamera, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungachaneni okubeka esichengeni ukhuseleko lwesithuthi. Oku kuhlala kudityaniswa nemida yetekhnoloji kwisakhono senzwa, isenza kube nzima ukugcina ukuthembeka kuzo zonke iimeko zokusingqongileyo.

Omnye umngeni obalulekileyo kukuphatha occlusion. Izithuthi kunye nezithintelo zihlala zifihlana, zikhokelela ekubhaqweni okuphosiweyo okanye ubuxoki. Ukudityaniswa kwedatha okusebenzayo kwi-sensors ezininzi, ezinje ngekhamera, iradar, kunye ne-LiDAR, ibalulekile ekoyiseni le miba. Ukudibanisa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwale datha, nangona kunjalo, kubonisa umsebenzi onzima.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho ngomnye umqobo. Ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yelizwe kunye neyamazwe ngamazwe kufuna uvavanyo olupheleleyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa, ngakumbi ukunyanzelisa ukuthunyelwa kweenkqubo zokubona imoto. Kukho izikhokelo ezingqongqo ekufuneka zithotyelwe ukuze obu buchwepheshe busebenze ngokusemthethweni, bongeza iileya ze-bureaucratic kunye nezobugcisa ezintsonkothileyo.

Le mingeni ibalaselisa ubume obahlukeneyo bokuqhubela phambili iinkqubo zokubona imoto. Ngelixa kusenziwa inkqubela, ukuqonda kunye nokujongana nale mida kubalulekile ekudaleni ubugcisa bemoto obuqinileyo, obuthembekileyo nobuthobelayo.

IiNdlela zexesha elizayo kwiiNkqubo zokuHlola iiMoto

I-Edge computing idlala indima ebalulekileyo kolu tshintsho. Ngokuvumela ukusetyenzwa kwedatha yexesha langempela kumda womnatha, iinkqubo zokubona imoto zinokufikelela amaxesha okuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunciphisa i-latency ngokwesiko ehambelana nezisombululo ezisekelwe kwifu. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiimeko eziguquguqukayo apho ukuthathwa kwezigqibo kwangexesha kubalulekile.

Olunye uphuhliso olusisiseko lunxibelelwano lwesithuthi ukuya kwisithuthi, esivumela iimoto ukuba zitshintshe idatha malunga neendawo ezizungezile. Le teknoloji iphakamisa kakhulu ubuchule beenkqubo zokubona imoto ngokubonelela ngomxholo ocebileyo wokuchazwa kwedatha yenzwa, ekhokelela kumava okuqhuba akhuselekileyo kunye nokulungelelaniswa ngakumbi.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuvela kogcino oluqikelelweyo lulungisa kwakhona indlela esisondela ngayo kwiinkqubo zokubona imoto. Ngohlalutyo oluphambili kunye nezixhobo zokuxilonga, ukugcinwa ngoku kunokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza, ukuchonga imiba enokubakho ngaphambi kokuba inyuke ibe ziingxaki ezinkulu. Oku akuphuculi kuphela ukhuseleko lwesithuthi kodwa kwandisa ixesha lokuphila kweenkqubo zokubona ngokwazo.

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