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Niki HMI muri SCADA?

2024-08-13 16:29:49

I. Intangiriro kuri SCADA na HMI

Mw'isi ya gutangiza inganda, bibiri mu buhanga bwibanze ni SCADA (Igenzura ry'ubugenzuzi no gushaka amakuru) na HMI (Imashini Yumuntu). Izi sisitemu zikorana mu ntoki kugirango zifashe abashoramari gukurikirana, kugenzura, no kunoza imikorere yinganda zinganda mumirenge nka inganda, ingufu, gutunganya amazi, na ubwikorezi.

A. Sisitemu ya SCADA ikusanya amakuru nyayo kuva mubikoresho nka PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers) na RTU . Iratanga gushaka amakuru, sisitemu yo gusuzuma, gucunga impuruza, na gutema amateka kugirango ukomeze inzira n'umutekano bikora.

Uwiteka HMI, Ku rundi ruhande, ni Imigaragarire - Imigaragarire y'abakoresha (GUI)-Ibyo bisobanura amakuru ya sisitemu mubushishozi. Irerekana amakuru yerekana, ibipimo byerekana, gutabaza, no kugenzura buto kuri ibishusho, PC PC, cyangwa Ikibaho cya kure, kwemerera abakora ibikorwa gukorana na mashini cyangwa inzira mugihe nyacyo.

Hamwe na hamwe, SCADA na HMI batanga umugongo wa sisitemu yo kugenzura inganda, gufasha amashyirahamwe kunoza imikorere, umutekano, na inzira igaragara. Nka sisitemu yinganda igenda itera imbere IoT na Inganda 4.0, tekinoroji ikomeje kuba ingenzi mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo bihujwe, bifite ubwenge.

Gahunda ya SCADA HMI

II. SCADA ni iki? Ibice by'ingenzi n'imikorere

SCADA (Igenzura no kugenzura amakuru) ni rusange sisitemu yo kugenzura inganda ikoreshwa mugukurikirana no gucunga ibikoresho mugihe nyacyo mumirenge itandukanye nka inganda, kubyara ingufu, peteroli na gaze, ubwikorezi, na ibikorwa by'amazi. Muri rusange, sisitemu ya SCADA ituma bigaragara kure no kugenzura ibikorwa bikwirakwira ahantu hanini.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi bya SCADA

Ibigize	Ibisobanuro
RTUs (Ibice bya kure bya kure)	Imigaragarire hamwe na sensor hamwe nibikoresho byo murwego rwo gukusanya amakuru nyayo
PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers)	Kora logique yo kugenzura no kuvugana na seriveri ya SCADA
Umuyoboro w'itumanaho	Kohereza amakuru hagati yibikoresho byo murwego hamwe no kugenzura (Ethernet, Modbus, OPC, nibindi)
Seriveri ya SCADA / Sitasiyo nkuru	Gutunganya hagati, kubika, hamwe nubuso bwabantu kubakoresha
HMI (Imashini Yumuntu)	Itanga ibishushanyo mbonera byo gukurikirana no kugenzura intoki

Ibi bice bikorana kugirango byemeze neza gushaka amakuru, igihe-nyacyo gukurikirana inzira, na kugenzura mu buryo bwikora hejuru ya sisitemu zikomeye.

Imikorere Yibanze ya SCADA

Ikusanyamakuru & Gutunganya Kuva mu bikoresho byo mu murima
Kubona-Igihe ukoresheje interineti ya HMI
Kumenyesha no kumenyesha
Kwandika Amateka kubisesengura no kubahiriza
Kugenzura kure no Guhindura
Isesengura ryibyerekezo no gukurikirana imikorere

SCADA ifasha abakora inganda gufata ibyemezo byuzuye batanga amakuru yimikorere namakuru agezweho mumashini, imirongo yumusaruro, cyangwa imiyoboro remezo. Ubwubatsi bwa modular kandi bunini butuma buberana byombi ibikoresho bito na imishinga yose yoherejwe.

Hamwe n'akamaro ko kwiyongera kwa IoT, Kubara, na Igicu gishingiye kuri SCADA, sisitemu zigezweho ziragenda zirushaho kugira ubwenge, umutekano, no guhuzwa-zitanga uburyo bwiza bwo kwishyira hamwe Porogaramu ya HMI, urubuga rwo kubungabunga, na sisitemu ya grid sisitemu.

III. HMI ni iki? Intego nubushobozi bwibanze

A. Imashini Yumuntu (HMI) ni urubuga rwa sisitemu yemerera abakora ibikorwa gukorana nimashini, sisitemu, cyangwa inzira. Mu rwego rwa Sisitemu ya SCADA, HMI ikora nka Imigaragarire hagati yumukoresha nibikorwa remezo byo kugenzura, nka PLC, Rukuruzi, cyangwa RTU. Ni ngombwa kuri gukurikirana, gusuzuma, na kugenzura ibikorwa by'inganda mugihe nyacyo.

Intego nyamukuru ya HMI

Gerageza kwiyumvisha amakuru kuva imashini cyangwa imirongo yatunganijwe
Erekana impuruza na sisitemu imenyesha
Gushoboza kugenzura intoki Binyuze mu bishushanyo
Tanga ivugurura ryimiterere na sisitemu yo gutanga ibitekerezo
Fasha hamwe gukemura ibibazo no kumenya amakosa

Niba yoherejwe kuri a Ikibaho, inganda PC, cyangwa a Urubuga-Urubuga, HMIs zagenewe gushishoza no gusubiza, kuzamura ubushobozi bwumukoresha mugucunga ibikorwa bigoye byoroshye.

Ubushobozi bwibanze bwa sisitemu ya HMI igezweho

Ubushobozi	Ibisobanuro
Kugaragaza-Igihe nyacyo	Amashusho meza yimashini, imiyoboro, nimirongo itanga umusaruro
Gucunga imenyesha	Kumenyesha ibintu bidasanzwe hamwe nibara-code yibanze urwego
Ikurikiranabikorwa	Igishushanyo cyerekana amateka nigihe-nyacyo amakuru yerekana
Inkunga y'indimi nyinshi	Gushoboza ibikorwa byisi yose hamwe noherejwe
Kwinjira kure	Urubuga / mobile HMI yo gukurikirana no kugenzura hanze yurubuga

Ibigezweho Porogaramu ya HMI Kwinjiza hamwe Ubwubatsi bwa SCADA, gutanga ibintu byongerewe imbaraga nka Ikibaho cyihariye, Uruhare rushingiye, na kwinjiza amakuru. Nkuko inganda nibikoresho bifata Inganda 4.0 na Ikoranabuhanga rya IIoT, HMI igenda itera imbere kugirango ishyigikire igicu gishingiye ku iyerekwa, Kubara, na Gusuzumwa na AI.

Muri make, HMI ntabwo ari intera gusa-ni ibikoresho byingenzi kuri umusaruro, umutekano, na gufata ibyemezo mu nganda.

IV. Itandukaniro Hagati ya HMI na SCADA

Nubwo HMI na SCADA zikoreshwa kenshi muri sisitemu yo kugenzura inganda, zikora imirimo itandukanye. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro hagati ya HMI na SCADA ni ngombwa mugushushanya neza ubwubatsi bwikora no gukoresha tekinoroji ikwiye ishingiye kuri sisitemu ikenewe.

Itandukaniro ryibanze Urebye

Ikiranga	HMI (Imashini Yumuntu)	SCADA (Igenzura ry'ubugenzuzi no gushaka amakuru)
Uruhare	Umukoresha Imigaragarire yo kugenzura-igihe	Sisitemu yo hagati yo gushaka amakuru no gutegeka
Wibande	Kugaragara no kugenzura ibikorwa	Sisitemu yose ikurikirana no gucunga amakuru
Gukoresha Amakuru	Kugarukira kumakuru yerekana	Gukusanya, kwandika, no gusesengura amakuru manini
Igenzura	Mubisanzwe urwego rwimashini	Ibihingwa-bigari cyangwa bigabanijwe kugenzura
Ubwubatsi	Ikora nka UI imbere	Ihuza ibice byinshi harimo HMI

Uburyo Bakorana

SCADA ikora nkubwonko bwa sisitemu yinganda - gukusanya amakuru, gukoresha logique yo kugenzura, no kubika amateka.
HMI ni amaso n'amaboko - kwemerera abakora reba ibibera muri sisitemu kandi gukora kuri yo ukoresheje ikibaho gikoraho, kwerekana ecran, cyangwa ikibaho.

Hamwe na hamwe, barashobora gukurikirana-igihe, gutahura amakosa, na intoki mubutumwa-bukomeye ibidukikije nka amashanyarazi, ibihingwa bitunganya amazi, na imirongo yo gukora.

Igihe cyo Gukoresha Niki

Hitamo HMI mugihe ukeneye a Imigaragarire kugenzura imashini.
Koresha SCADA iyo sisitemu yawe ibikoresho byinshi, zone, cyangwa ahantu haherereye kandi bisaba kwinjiza amakuru, gutabaza, cyangwa kugenzura kure.

Muburyo bugezweho, HMI akenshi ni a ibice mububiko bwa SCADA, gukora igice cyingenzi muri rusange kugenzura no kwerekana amashusho.

V. Uburyo HMI ikora muri sisitemu ya SCADA

Mubisanzwe Sisitemu ya SCADA, i Imashini Yumuntu (HMI) igira uruhare runini mugukemura icyuho kiri gushaka amakuru na kugenzura ibikorwa. Mugihe SCADA ikusanya kandi igacunga amakuru nyayo mumitungo yagabanijwe ,. Imigaragarire ya HMI ihindura ayo makuru mubikorwa, ubushishozi bugaragara kubakoresha ibikorwa.

Inzira Yamakuru

Sensor n'ibikoresho gukusanya amakuru yumurima (urugero, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, ibipimo bitemba).
Aya makuru yoherejwe kuri PLC cyangwa RTU.
PLC itunganya amakuru ikayohereza kuri Seriveri ya SCADA.
HMI, ihujwe n'umuyoboro wa SCADA, ishusho yamakuru kandi itanga uburyo bwo kugenzura.

Uyu muzingo uremera imikoranire yombi: abakoresha ntibashobora gukurikirana gusa impinduka kuri ecran ya HMI ariko banatanga ikibazo kugenzura amategeko, nko gutangira / guhagarika ibikoresho cyangwa guhindura ibipimo.

Mugushoboza imikoranire idahwitse nibikorwa remezo bya SCADA ,. Sisitemu ya HMI kuzamura kumenya uko ibintu bimeze, kuzamura umutekano wibikorwa, n'imbaraga gufata ibyemezo byihuse. Mubihe aho Kubara na Kwishyira hamwe kwa IoT barimo gusobanura igenzura ryinganda, HMI ikomeza kuba hagati yukoresha hagati yibidukikije bya SCADA.

TWE. Ubwoko bwa HMI bukoreshwa muri sisitemu ya SCADA

Imashini Yumuntu (HMIs) uze muburyo butandukanye, buri kimwe gikwiranye nibikorwa bitandukanye bikora kandi Sisitemu ya SCADA. Guhitamo iburyo ubwoko bwa HMI Biterwa nibintu nkibipimo byoherezwa, sisitemu igoye, ibidukikije, nibikenewe kubakoresha.

Ubwoko busanzwe bwa HMIs

Shingiro Inyandiko-ishingiye kuri HMIs
- Akenshi dusanga muri sisitemu ishaje cyangwa ihendutse
- Erekana inyandiko isobanutse kumiterere ninyongeramusaruro
- Imikorere mike no kuyibona
- Mubisanzwe kanda
Igishushanyo cya HMIs (Panel ya Touchscreen)
- Byakoreshejwe cyane uburyo bugezweho bwo kugenzura inganda
- Ibiranga intiti Ikibaho cya GUI
- Emera igihe-nyacyo iyerekwa ryamakuru, gutabaza, no kugenzura
- Yashyizwe kumashini, panne igenzura, cyangwa sitasiyo ikora
Urubuga-rushingiye kuri HMI
- Birashoboka mushakisha, porogaramu zigendanwa, cyangwa Ibicu
- Gushoboza kure, kugenzura, no gukemura ibibazo
- Icyiza kuri yagabanije sisitemu ya SCADA cyangwa Ibikorwa bya IoT
Igendanwa na mobile HMIs
- Byinjijwemo ibisate binini cyangwa PDAs
- Byakoreshejwe nabatekinisiye bo murwego rwo kwisuzumisha hamwe nibikorwa byihuse
- Umuyoboro udafite insinga hamwe ningenzi Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura SCADA

Buri bwoko bwa HMI bushobora guhuzwa na platform ya SCADA binyuze protocole isanzwe nka Modbus, OPC UA, cyangwa Ethernet / IP, kwemeza itumanaho ridafite ibikoresho. Nk Inganda 4.0 ihindagurika, tegereza kubona byinshi hybrid HMI ibisubizo guhuza igenzura ryaho hamwe igicu gishingiye kuri SCADA isesengura.

VII. Inyungu zo Gukoresha HMI mububiko bwa SCADA

Kwinjiza an HMI (Imashini Yumuntu) muri a Sisitemu ya SCADA itanga urutonde rwibikorwa byiza ningamba mubikorwa nkinganda nka inganda, ibikorwa by'ingirakamaro, peteroli na gaze, na ibikorwa remezo byubwenge. Muguhindura amakuru ya sisitemu igoye muburyo bworoshye bwo kubona amashusho, HMI iha imbaraga igihe-cyo gufata ibyemezo, igateza imbere umutekano, kandi ikongera umusaruro.

Inyungu zingenzi za HMI muri SCADA

Gukurikirana-Igihe
Abakoresha barashobora guhita bareba imikorere ya sisitemu, imiterere yimashini, hamwe nimpuruza binyuze mumashanyarazi ya HMI.
Gusuzuma Byihuse
Ibipimo biboneka, amateka yo gutabaza, hamwe nigishushanyo cyerekana bifasha kumenya no gukemura ibibazo mbere yuko byiyongera.
Kunoza imikorere ya Operator
Hamwe na panne ya ecran ya ecran hamwe na ecran zitunganijwe, abayikoresha barashobora kuyobora interineti igenzura neza kandi bagahindura vuba.
Kwinjira no kugenzura kure
Urubuga HMIs rwemerera abagenzuzi gukurikirana sisitemu ya SCADA kuva ahantu kure ukoresheje amashakiro cyangwa porogaramu zigendanwa.
Kongera umutekano no kubahiriza
HMI itanga uburyo bwo gutabaza, kugabanya amakosa yabantu no kwemeza kubahiriza protocole yumutekano.
Ibyemezo Byashizweho na Data
Ibiti byamateka, imigendekere yimikorere, hamwe nigihe-nyacyo cyo gusesengura bitanga ubushishozi bufatika bwo kubungabunga no gukora neza.

Nk Sisitemu ya SCADA gukura cyane guhuza kandi amakuru-akungahaye ,. uruhare rwa HMI irushijeho kunengwa - ntabwo ari igikoresho cyo kugenzura gusa, ahubwo ni ihuriro rikuru rya amashusho yubwenge, guhuza amakuru, na kwikora bishingiye kubantu.

VIII. Inganda Zisanzwe Ukoresheje Sisitemu ya SCADA HMI

Sisitemu ya HMI nizo nkingi yibikorwa byinshi byinganda, bitanga kugenzura hagati, kugenzura-igihe, no kubona amakuru yimbitse. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo gupima kuva kurubuga rumwe rushyirwa mubikorwa-byose byoherejwe bituma biba byiza muburyo butandukanye. Hano hari inganda zingenzi aho HMI na SCADA kugira uruhare runini mubikorwa bya buri munsi.

1. Gukora no Gukora Inganda

Imirongo y'iteraniro, ingirabuzimafatizo, na sisitemu ya convoyeur bikunze kugenzurwa ukoresheje interineti ya SCADA HMI.
HMIs ifasha gukurikirana ubuzima bwimashini, igipimo cyumusaruro, hamwe nuburyo butagenda neza.
Kwishyira hamwe Sisitemu yo kugenzura PLC na MES ifasha igenamigambi ryiza no gukurikirana.

2. Ingufu nimbaraga

Byakoreshejwe muri amashanyarazi, insimburangingo, na Urubuga rwubwenge imiyoborere.
Ikibaho cya HMI gitanga igihe-nyacyo cyo kureba voltage, gukwirakwiza imizigo, no gutabaza.
SCADA ituma igenzura rya kure ryogukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza uturere.

3. Gutunganya amazi n’amazi

Sisitemu ya SCADA HMI ikurikirana ibikorwa bya pompe, urwego rwamazi, ikoreshwa ryimiti, nuburyo bwo kuyungurura.
Hagati ya HMI igabanya gusura urubuga no gushyigikira kubahiriza amabwiriza binyuze kwinjiza amakuru.

4. Amavuta na gaze

Gukurikirana no kugenzura igitutu cy'umuyoboro, imyanya, na sitasiyo.
Remote HMIs mubidukikije byangiza bifasha kugabanya ibikorwa byabakozi.

5. Kubaka no gucunga ibikoresho

Byakoreshejwe Kuri HVAC, kumurika, kugenzura inzitizi, na sisitemu z'umutekano.
Ihuriro rya SCADA rihuza sisitemu zose zubaka muburyo bumwe, bigerwaho hifashishijwe ibyuma bigendanwa bya HMI.

6. Gutwara abantu n'ibikoresho

SCADA HMI ishyigikiye ibimenyetso bya gari ya moshi, sisitemu yo gutwara imizigo, na icyambu.
Abakoresha bakoresha paneli ya HMI kugirango bakurikirane urujya n'uruza, kuringaniza imizigo, n'imikorere.

Haba gucunga pompe y'amazi cyangwa umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, Sisitemu ya SCADA na HMI tanga kugaragara, kugenzura, no gukora neza inganda zigezweho zidashobora kwihanganira kwirengagiza.

IX. Ibikoresho bya HMI bizwi cyane n'abacuruzi

Guhitamo uburenganzira Porogaramu ya HMI ni ngombwa kugirango habeho guhuza neza hamwe nuwawe Sisitemu ya SCADA, gutezimbere uburambe bwabakoresha, no gukomeza sisitemu ndende. Uyu munsi abacuruzi bo hejuru batanga ibiranga-bikungahaye bifasha igihe nyacyo, kwinjiza amakuru, gutabaza, na kugera kure- ibikoresho byingenzi mubidukikije bigezweho.

Hejuru ya porogaramu ya HMI

Umucuruzi	Izina rya software	Ibintu by'ingenzi
NAGIZE	Wonderware InTouch	GUI Intuitive, SCADA kwishyira hamwe, ecosystem nini
Kwiyubaka	Reba Uruganda	Nta na hamwe na Allen-Bradley PLCs, gusangira amakuru neza
Siemens	WinCC (Urubuga rwa TIA)	Kwishyira hamwe kavukire hamwe na Siemens ibyuma byikora
Kwiyoroshya	Ignition	Urubuga rushingiye, modular, abakiriya batagira imipaka hamwe na tagi
Amashanyarazi	EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Impuguke	Igipimo cyurugero-ku-gicu, igishushanyo-kinini

Izi porogaramu ziratandukanye ukurikije icyitegererezo, imiterere y'uruhushya, na ubushobozi bwo kwishyira hamwe, guhitamo rero akenshi biterwa nibihari Ibirango bya PLC, ingano ya sisitemu, n'intego zo kwagura ejo hazaza.

Ibipimo byingenzi byo gutoranya ibikoresho bya HMI

Guhuza SCADA: Wemeze kwishyira hamwe hamwe nububiko bwawe busanzwe cyangwa buteganijwe.
Inkunga ya Porotokole: Shakisha inkunga Modbus, OPC UA, Ethernet / IP, n'abandi.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'abakoresha: Hitamo ibikoresho hamwe no gukurura-guta intera, kongera gukoresha inyandikorugero, na mobile-yitabirwa.
Ubunini n'uburenganzira: Suzuma amahitamo ya ibirango bitagira imipaka, abakiriya kubona, no kwagura modular.
Ibiranga umutekano wa cyber: Hitamo urubuga rwa HMI hamwe imikoreshereze y'abakoresha, ibanga ryibanga, hamwe nubugenzuzi.

Niba wubaka a Uruganda cyangwa gucunga a ibikorwa byinshi bya SCADA, guhitamo kwizerwa no guhuza n'imiterere Porogaramu ya HMI ni ngombwa. Abacuruzi bakunda Kwiyoroshya na NAGIZE komeza usunike ibahasha ifite igicu gishoboye, igendanwa-yiteguye, hamwe na analytike-iterwa na HMI ibisubizo byerekana-sisitemu yinganda zawe.

X. Ibizaza muri SCADA na HMI Kwishyira hamwe

Nkuko inganda zigenda zigana ubwenge, ibikorwa byinshi bihujwe, guhuza Sisitemu ya SCADA hamwe niterambere Ikoranabuhanga rya HMI ni Icyiciro. Kuva ku bicu-kavukire kugeza kuri AI ikoreshwa nimbaraga, ejo hazaza Kwishyira hamwe kwa HMI-SCADA irimo gushirwaho nudushya, guhuza, hamwe nigishushanyo-cy-abakoresha.

Ibintu bigenda bigaragara

Igicu gishingiye kuri HMI na SCADA

Kwemererwa kwa igicu cya SCADA Gushoboza amakuru nyayo kuva aho ariho hose.
Kugabanya ibiciro remezo kandi bishyigikira uburyo bwoherezwa.
Itezimbere gukiza ibiza no kubungabunga kure.

Kwishyira hamwe

Gutunganya amakuru yegereye isoko ukoresheje HMIs
Kugabanya ubukererwe, byongera umuvuduko, kandi byemeza ko imirimo ikomeye ikomeza gukora no mugihe cyo guhagarika umuyoboro.

Isesengura rya AI na Predictive Analytics

Gushyira imashini yiga algorithms mu kibaho cya SCADA na HMI yerekana.
Shyigikira ibiteganijwe gutegurwa, gutahura ibintu bidasanzwe, no gukora neza.

Imigaragarire Yukuri (AR) Imigaragarire

Gukoresha AR muri kubungabunga no guhugura Porogaramu.
Kurenza igihe nyacyo amakuru ya SCADA kubikoresho bifatika ukoresheje ibirahuri bya HMI cyangwa AR.

Urubuga-rushingiye kuri HMIs

Igisubizo, Mucukumbuzi ishingiye kugerwaho kuva kuri tablet cyangwa terefone.
Itezimbere kandi ishyigikira ibikorwa byabakozi bigendanwa.

Ihuriro rya IT na OT (Ikoranabuhanga rikora) irihuta, gusunika sisitemu ya SCADA na HMI birenze ibyumba bigenzura. Inganda zakira Inganda 4.0, tekinoroji igenda itera imbere isezeranya gufungura imikorere mishya, kugabanya ibiciro, no gutanga ibisobanuro byinshi muri buri cyiciro cyibikorwa.

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