I-WAN Port vs LAN Port: Umehluko Obalulekile Uchaziwe

Ukuqonda amachweba we-WAN

A. Incazelo kanye nokusebenza

Imbobo ye-WAN—emfushane yembobo ye-Wide Area Network—iyindlela yokuphila yomzila wakho emhlabeni wangaphandle. Ngokungafani nembobo ye-LAN, exhumanisa amadivayisi ngaphakathi kwekhaya lakho noma ihhovisi, imbobo ye-WAN ixhumanisa inethiwekhi yakho ne-ISP (Umhlinzeki Wesevisi Ye-inthanethi) ngemodemu. Kucabange njengomgcini-sango: iphatha konke ukudluliswa kwedatha phakathi kokusethwa kwendawo yakho kanye ne-inthanethi enkulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uku-fiber optic, i-DSL, noma imodemu yekhebula, le mbobo iqinisekisa ukuxhumeka kumanethiwekhi angaphandle endaweni yonkana. Yakhelwe ithrafikhi ekhuphukayo (idatha oyithumelayo) kanye nethrafikhi engezansi (idatha oyitholayo), okuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ekufinyeleleni kwamafu noma emsebenzini wokude.

B. Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile Kwezimbobo ze-WAN

Ngakho, isetshenziselwa ini? Nasi isifinyezo esisheshayo:

Ixhuma ku-ISP yakho ukuze uthole ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi.

Isetha i-VPN ukuze uthole ukufinyelela okukude okuphephile.

Ukuxhumanisa izindawo eziningi zamahhovisi ngenethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi.

Ngokwazi kwami ​​ukusetha amanethiwekhi asekhaya, imbobo ye-WAN yilapho uxhuma khona ikhebula le-ethernet elisuka kumodemu—awekho amacebo amahle adingekayo. Kuphinde kube ukhiye wemisebenzi esindayo yomkhawulokudonsa njengokusakaza-bukhoma noma ukudlala, njengoba inquma uphahla lwakho lwesivinini ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lwakho lwe-ISP.

C. Izici Zobuchwepheshe

Ohlangothini lwezobuchwepheshe, imbobo ye-WAN ikhanya ngezici ezifana nalezi:

Ukunikezwa kwe-IP yomphakathi: Irutha yakho ithola ikheli elibonakala ku-inthanethi.

I-NAT (Ukuhumusha Kwekheli Lenethiwekhi): Ifihla amadivayisi akho e-IP ayimfihlo ngemuva kwekheli elilodwa lomphakathi.

I-Firewall: Yengeza isendlalelo sokuvikela ngokumelene nezinsongo zangaphandle.

Ngikubonile ukusethwa lapho i-QoS (Ikhwalithi Yesevisi) ku-WAN ibeka ithrafikhi kuqala—asithi, ngezingcingo ze-Zoom ngaphezu kokulanda. Ngezinketho zokubethela kanye nokudlulisela ngembobo, inamandla okuthembeka nokusebenza, ehlanganisa inethiwekhi yakho yangaphakathi kuwebhu yasendle.

Ukuqonda LAN Ports

A. Incazelo kanye nokusebenza

Imbobo ye-LAN—emfishane yembobo Yenethiwekhi Yendawo Yendawo—iyiqhawe elingaziwa lenethiwekhi yakho. Itholakala kumzila wakho noma kuswishi, ixhuma amadivayisi afana namakhompyutha, amaphrinta, namakhonsoli amageyimu endaweni evalekile, njengekhaya lakho noma ihhovisi. Ngokungafani nembobo ye-WAN ekhuluma ne-inthanethi, imbobo ye-LAN igcina izinto zisendaweni, ivumela ukudluliswa kwedatha ngentambo phakathi kwegiye lakho. Iwumgogodla wenethiwekhi yakho yangaphakathi, iqinisekisa ukuxhumana okusheshayo ngaphandle kokuthembela ku-ISP whims. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uxhumo lwe-gigabit noma isixhumanisi se-ethernet esiyisisekelo, le mbobo ibopha amadivayisi akho ndawonye kalula.

B. Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile Kwezimbobo Ze-LAN

Ilungele ini? Inala! Nakhu engikubone kusebenza:

Ukwakha inethiwekhi yasekhaya yokwabelana ngamafayela noma ukusakaza ku-smart TV.

Ukuxhuma indawo yokufinyelela noma isistimu yemeshi ukuze uthole ukumbozwa okungcono kwe-Wi-Fi.

Ukuxhuma iseva noma iphrinta ehhovisi ukuze kwabelwane ngezisetshenziswa.

Ngixhume i-PS5 yami embotsheni ye-LAN ukuze ngithole ukubambezeleka okuphansi ngesikhathi sokudlala okuku-inthanethi—amabhithi angenantambo njalo. Ilungele futhi ukusetha kwe-VLAN uma uhlukanisa amanethiwekhi, njengokugcina amadivayisi esivakashi ehlukene nerigi yakho eyinhloko.

C. Izici Zobuchwepheshe

I-Tech-wise, izimbobo ze-LAN zipakisha amaqhinga athile:

Ikheli le-IP eliyimfihlo nge-DHCP: Inikeza amakheli afana ne-192.168.xx kumadivayisi akho.

Isivinini se-Gigabit noma i-multigig: Iphatha umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu wokudlulisa okusheshayo.

Ukushintsha: Ihambisa ithrafikhi kahle phakathi kwamagajethi axhunyiwe.

Kusukela ekuhlahleni kwami, ngiphawule ukuthi amachweba e-LAN avame ukusekela i-QoS ukuze ibeke phambili, yithi, ilaptop yomsebenzi phezu kwefriji ehlakaniphile. Zincane ngokukhathazeka ngokuvikeleka njengoba zingavezwanga ku-inthanethi, okuzenza zithembeke ekulinganiseni—vele ungeze ihabhu noma ibhuloho uma uphelelwa izikhala. Ilula, iqinile, futhi ibalulekile.

I-WAN Port vs LAN Port: Umehluko Obalulekile

A. Ububanzi Benethiwekhi

Imbobo ye-WAN kanye nembobo ye-LAN azikwazanga ukwehluka kakhulu uma kuziwa ekufinyeleleni. Imbobo ye-WAN ixhuma irutha yakho ku-inthanethi, ihlanganisa inethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi—cabanga amadolobha noma amazwe. Kuyisixhumanisi sakho se-ISP, ephethe ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi yangaphandle ezindaweni eziningi zejografi. Ngaleso sikhathi, imbobo ye-LAN ihlala iseduze nekhaya, ihlanganisa inethiwekhi yendawo yangakini. Sikhuluma ngemishini ehhovisi lakho noma egumbini lokuhlala—amakhompyutha, amaphrinta, noma iseva, konke ngaphakathi kwebanga elifushane. Ngimise amanethiwekhi lapho i-WAN ifinyelela khona emhlabeni, kodwa i-LAN igcina amagajethi ami exoxa esakhiweni esisodwa.

B. Uhlobo Lokuxhumana Nenhloso

Ngokwenhloso, ubusuku nemini. Imbobo ye-WAN ixhuma kumodemu—kungaba i-fiber optic, i-DSL, noma imodemu yekhebula—ukuze ulande i-inthanethi ku-ISP yakho. Yakhelwe ukugeleza komfula kanye nokwehla komfula, ilungele ukufinyelela kwamafu noma umsebenzi okude. Ichweba le-LAN, noma kunjalo? Lokho okwezinto zenethiwekhi yangaphakathi. Ixhuma iswishi yakho, indawo yokufinyelela, noma isistimu yemeshi ukwabelana ngezinsiza ezifana namafayela noma iphrinta. Lapho ngixhuma ikhaya lami ngezintambo, i-WAN yathola i-ethernet kumodemu, kuyilapho izimbobo ze-LAN ziphakela i-TV yami nekhompyutha yami ephathekayo.

C. Ukuphathwa Kwekheli Le-IP

Ukuphatha i-IP kungenye ukuhlukaniswa. Imbobo ye-WAN ibamba i-IP yomphakathi ku-ISP yakho, yenza inethiwekhi yakho ibonakale ku-inthanethi. Isebenzisa i-NAT ukufihla ama-IP akho ayimfihlo ngemuva kwalelo kheli elilodwa. Izimbobo ze-LAN, ohlangothini oluphendukile, khipha ama-IP ayimfihlo nge-DHCP—cabanga 192.168.xx—ngamadivayisi akho. Lokhu kugcina inethiwekhi yakho yangaphakathi ingekho ku-radar yomphakathi. Ngisebenzise ama-subnets ku-LAN ukuze ngigweme ukungqubuzana, kuyilapho i-WAN ithatha lokho i-ISP ekunikezayo.

D. Ukucatshangelwa kwesivinini kanye nomkhawulokudonsa

I-Speed ​​​​inkulu. Izimbobo zembobo ye-WAN kumkhawulokudonsa we-ISP yakho—ithi, 100 Mbps uma lokho kuwuhlelo lwakho. Ukubambezeleka kungangena phakathi kwamabanga amade, futhi. Kodwa amachweba we-LAN? Ziyizilwane, zivame ukushaya isivinini se-gigabit noma i-multigig ukuze kuxhunywe izintambo. Ngibone amafayela e-zip e-LAN phakathi kwama-PC ku-1 Gbps, kuyilapho i-WAN iguqa kunoma yikuphi umugqa we-fiber optic owuvumelayo. I-QoS ingasiza ukubeka phambili ithrafikhi kunoma yikuphi, kodwa i-LAN iwina ngokusebenza okungahluziwe.

E. Izici Zokuvikela

Ezokuphepha kulapho behlukana khona futhi. Imbobo ye-WAN ibhekane ne-inthanethi yasendle, ngakho-ke incike ku-firewall, ukubethela, nokudlulisela phambili imbobo ukuze igweme izinsongo. Idaluliwe, idinga ukwethembeka. Imbobo ye-LAN, efakwe kunethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya, iphephe kakhudlwana—isidingo esincane sokufakazela ubuqiniso obunzima. Ngivalele i-WAN nge-VPN yomsebenzi, kodwa i-LAN ivele ihlabelele, ithembe iswishi yami namadivayisi. Ndawonye, ​​balinganisela ukuxhumana nokuvikelwa.

Indlela I-WAN ne-LAN Ports Asebenza Ngayo Ndawonye

A. Iqhaza Kurutha

Irutha yakho ingungqondongqondo, futhi izimbobo ze-WAN ne-LAN ziyi-duo yayo eguqukayo. Imbobo ye-WAN ixhuma kumodemu, idonse i-inthanethi ku-ISP yakho—iyisango lokufinyelela kwenethiwekhi yangaphandle. Bese, izimbobo ze-LAN zithatha izintambo, zisakaze lokho kuxhumana kumadivayisi akho njengamakhompyutha aphathekayo, amaphrinta, noma iswishi. Cabanga ngalokhu: ukudluliswa kwedatha kugeleza kusuka ku-WAN (ezweni langaphandle) kuya ku-LAN (inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya). Ngimise inqwaba yamarutha lapho i-WAN ibamba i-IP yomphakathi, futhi i-LAN ikhipha ama-IP ayimfihlo ukuze igcine yonke into iduma.

B. Izisekelo Zokucushwa

Ukusetha akuyona isayensi yerokhethi. Ngembobo ye-WAN, uxhuma i-ethernet kumodemu yakho—mhlawumbe i-fiber optic noma ulayini we-DSL—bese ufaka imininingwane yakho ye-ISP uma kudingeka. Ingase isebenzise i-NAT noma izilungiselelo zokuvikela ukuvikela. Izimbobo ze-LAN zilula: zinikeza ngokuzenzakalelayo amakheli e-IP nge-DHCP kunethiwekhi yakho yangaphakathi. Ungalungisa i-subnet noma unike amandla i-QoS ukuze ibeke phambili umkhawulokudonsa-awuthi, ngokudlala ngaphezu kokulandwayo. Ngiphambanise nalezi zilungiselelo ukuze ngithuthukise ukusebenza, futhi ngokuvamile kuwukuchofoza okumbalwa kusofthiwe yomzila.

C. Isibonelo Somhlaba Wangempela

Nansi indlela edlala ngayo: Ekhaya, imodemu yami ixhuma embobeni ye-WAN kumzila wami. Ukusuka lapho, izimbobo ze-LAN zondla uxhumo olunezintambo ku-PC yami ne-TV, kuyilapho i-Wi-Fi iphatha ifoni yami. I-WAN ilawula ithrafikhi ekhuphuka nomfula esuka ku-ISP, futhi i-LAN igcina ukuxhumana kwasendaweni kushesha—cabanga ngesivinini esikhulu. Kungumzamo weqembu: i-WAN yokufinyelela, i-LAN yokwethembeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izipele zamafu noma ukwabelana ngamafayela, zisibekele.

Ukukhetha Phakathi kwe-WAN ne-LAN Ports

A. Isetshenziswa Nini Imbobo ye-WAN

Imbobo ye-WAN iyindawo oya kuyo lapho udinga i-inthanethi evela emhlabeni wangaphandle. Yixhume kumodemu yakho—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-fiber optic, i-DSL, noma imodemu yekhebula—ukuze uxhume ku-ISP yakho. Ilungele:

Ukufaka i-broadband kunethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya.

Isetha i-VPN ukuze uthole ukufinyelela okukude okuphephile.

Ixhuma kumasevisi wamafu noma inethiwekhi yangaphandle.

Ngiyisebenzisele ukuxhuma irutha yami kulayini wami we-ISP, ngiphatha ithrafikhi ekhuphuka nomfula njengoshampeni. Ibhuloho lakho lenethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi, ngakho-ke uma ukuxhumana okungaphezu kwezindonga zakho kuwumgomo, i-WAN iwukukhetha kwakho.

Imbobo ye-LAN ikhanya ngemisebenzi yenethiwekhi yangaphakathi. Yilokho okusebenzisa ukuhlanganisa amadivayisi afana nama-PC, amaphrinta, noma iswishi esikhaleni sakho. Nakhu lapho kungena khona:

Ukwakha inethiwekhi yendawo yendawo yokwabelana ngamafayela.

Ixhuma iphoyinti lokufinyelela noma i-mesh ukuze uthole i-Wi-Fi engcono.

Ukuxhuma i-rig yokudlala yejubane le-gigabit nokubambezeleka okuphansi.

Ngisebenzise i-ethernet kusuka embotsheni ye-LAN kuya ku-TV yami ukuze ngisakaze ngaphandle kokulibala—ishaya izandla ezingenantambo phansi. Konke kumayelana nokuxhumana okusheshayo, okuthembekile ebangeni eliqinile.

Akunjalo, kodwa kukhona i-caveat. Amarutha amaningi akhiya izimbobo ze-WAN ne-LAN ezindimeni zawo—i-WAN ye-ISP, i-LAN yamadivayisi. Amanye amamodeli amahle akuvumela ukuthi ukwabele kabusha izimbobo, njengokuguqula i-LAN ibe i-WAN yemodemu yesibili. Ngikubonile lokhu ekusethweni kwebhizinisi, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, akuvamile. Namathela emandleni abo: I-WAN ye-IP yomphakathi kanye nomkhawulokudonsa ovela ngaphandle, i-LAN ye-IP yangasese nokusebenza kwasendaweni. Ukuzixuba ngokuvamile kuvele kudide inethiwekhi.

Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi be-IP67 kanye ne-IP68

A. Izinkinga Zembobo Ezivamile ze-WAN

Uma imbobo yakho ye-WAN isebenza, ngokuvamile ulayini wezempilo we-inthanethi oshaywayo. Izinto engihlangane nazo zihlanganisa:

Ukuxhumana kuyehla—i-ISP yakho ingase ibe phansi noma imodemu ibe buthaka.

Isivinini esinensayo—sola amakepisi omkhawulokudonsa noma ukubambezeleka okuvela kumugqa we-dodgy fiber optic.

Amakhanda e-NAT aphindwe kabili—amarutha amabili alwela imisebenzi yomphakathi ye-IP.

Ngesinye isikhathi, i-WAN yami ayikwazanga ukuxhuma ngenxa yokuthi i-ethernet evela kumodemu yekhebula ibixega. Kuyisango lenethiwekhi yakho yendawo ebanzi, ngakho-ke uma ihluleka, unqanyulwa efwini noma ekufinyeleleni kude.

B. Izinkinga Zembobo Ye-LAN Ejwayelekile

Imbobo ye-LAN yonakele ngenethiwekhi yakho yangaphakathi. Nakhu engikubonile:

Amadivayisi angabonisi—iswishi enephutha noma uxhumo lwehabhu.

Isivinini esivilaphayo se-gigabit—izintambo ezimbi ezinezintambo noma ukuphazamiseka.

Izingxabano ze-IP—amagajethi amabili abamba i-IP efanayo eyimfihlo nge-DHCP.

Iphrinta ngiyehlise i-LAN yami ngoba i-ethernet ibixhunywe uhhafu. Ihhashi lenethiwekhi yendawo yangakini, ngakho uma likhubeka, ukwabelana ngamafayela noma ukushaya indawo yokufinyelela kuba nzima.

Ukulungisa lezi akunzima kakhulu. Okwe-WAN:

Qala kabusha imodemu nerutha—setha kabusha ukugeleza komfula/phansi komfula.

Hlola isimo se-ISP noma ulungise izilungiselelo ze-NAT ku-firewall.

Okwe-LAN:

Shintsha ikhebuli ye-ethernet—ukulungiswa okushibhile kokucwiliswa kokusebenza.

Qalisa kabusha irutha noma ulungise i-QoS ukuze ubeke ithrafikhi kuqala.