Umugongo ni iki?
2024-08-28 11:27:17
Imbonerahamwe
1. Intangiriro
Inyuma ni ikintu cyingenzi muri elegitoroniki igezweho, bakunze kwita umugongo wa sisitemu ya elegitoroniki. Itanga urwego rwumubiri nu mashanyarazi rwo guhuza module zitandukanye, amakarita, cyangwa ibice, byorohereza itumanaho namakuru muri sisitemu igoye. Indege zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nk'itumanaho, kubara, no gukoresha inganda mu nganda, aho zituma amakuru yihuta yohererezanya amakuru kandi akazamura ubunini bwa sisitemu.
Akamaro k'Indege muri Electronics:
Indege zifite uruhare runini muri:
Guhuza ibice nkibibaho, amakarita yo kwagura, hamwe na peripheri
Kugenzura ibimenyetso byuzuye no gukwirakwiza ingufu
Gushyigikira igishushanyo mbonera, kwemerera kuzamura byoroshye no kubungabunga
Incamake ya Porogaramu:
Indege ziboneka mu nganda zitandukanye, harimo:
Itumanaho: rikoreshwa muri router, guhinduranya, na sitasiyo fatizo
Kubara: bikoreshwa muri seriveri hamwe namakuru yamakuru kugirango uhuze CPU na module yibuka
Ikirere hamwe na Defence: bikoreshwa muri sisitemu yindege na elegitoroniki ya gisirikare
Muncamake, indege zituma habaho itumanaho ryiza hagati yibigize, gutanga kwihanganira amakosa, kandi bigafasha sisitemu kwizerwa muburyo butandukanye busabwa. Akamaro kabo gakomeje kwiyongera mugihe inganda zifata modular, imikorere-yimikorere isaba imikoranire idahwitse hamwe nigihe kizaza.
2. Umugongo w'inyuma ni iki?
Indege yinyuma ni ikibaho cyumuzunguruko gikora nkikigo cyo hagati, gitanga imiterere yumubiri n amashanyarazi yo guhuza ibice bitandukanye bya elegitoronike, nka modules, ikibaho cyumukobwa, namakarita. Bitandukanye nimbaho gakondo, indege zagenewe kuba modular kandi nini, bigafasha kuzamura byoroshye no kwaguka muri sisitemu ya elegitoroniki.
Imiterere yinyuma:
Flat, ikibaho gikomeye hamwe nibice byinshi cyangwa umuhuza
Ibimenyetso byerekana gutwara amakuru hagati yibigize
Inzira yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi kugirango itange amashanyarazi kubikoresho bifatanye
Ubwoko bw'Indege:
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwindege:
Passive Backplane: Itanga umurongo udafite umuzenguruko ukora, bivuze ko idatunganya cyangwa ngo yongere ibimenyetso. Ibi bisanzwe bikoreshwa muri sisitemu ifite ingingo imwe yo gutsindwa.
Igikorwa gifatika: Ibiranga chip byerekana ibimenyetso kandi byongera itumanaho hagati yibice bihujwe, bitanga imikorere ihanitse ariko hamwe no kwiyongera gake mubibazo hamwe ningaruka zo gutsindwa.
Uruhare muri sisitemu ya elegitoroniki:
Indege zinyuma zikora nka sisitemu yo hagati yibikoresho bya mudasobwa ikora cyane hamwe nibikoresho byitumanaho, guhuza PCB nyinshi no kwemeza amakuru yizewe hamwe nubuziranenge bwibimenyetso.
Muncamake, indege ni ikintu cyingenzi muburyo bwububiko bwa sisitemu ya elegitoroniki igezweho, kuzamura imiyoboro, modularité, hamwe nimikorere mugihe ushyigikira ibishushanyo mbonera mu nganda zitandukanye.
3. Ibyingenzi byingenzi bigize umugongo
Inyuma yinyuma igizwe nibice byinshi byingenzi bifasha kohereza amakuru yihuta cyane, guhererekanya ibimenyetso, no gukwirakwiza ingufu muburyo bwa elegitoronike. Ibi bice nibyingenzi muburyo bwo kwizerwa no gupimwa muri sisitemu zitandukanye.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigize umugongo:
1.Abahuza hamwe nu mwanya:
Abahuza batanga interineti igaragara aho ikibaho cyumukobwa cyangwa amakarita yo kwaguka. Harimo impande zihuza, DIN ihuza, hamwe nubucucike bwinshi bwo guhuza amakuru yambere.
Ibibanza byashizweho kugirango bihuze module yihariye, byemeza guhuza imashini no guhuza amashanyarazi.
2.Ibimenyetso by'ibimenyetso:
Ibimenyetso byerekana inzira ziyobora kumurongo winyuma utwara ibimenyetso hagati yibice bitandukanye. Izi nzira ningirakamaro mugukomeza ibimenyetso byubuziranenge no kwemeza itumanaho rito.
3.Imbaraga Ikwirakwizwa Inzira:
Indege yinyuma yorohereza gukwirakwiza ibice bihujwe binyuze mumirongo yabigenewe. Ibi bituma buri module yakira imbaraga zikenewe bidakenewe insinga zinyongera.
4. Indege zo hasi:
Indege zubutaka ningirakamaro kugirango hagabanuke amashanyarazi (EMI) no gutanga ibimenyetso bihamye byerekana ibimenyetso. Ibi bifasha mukubungabunga uburinganire bwibimenyetso mubice byose.
5.Ubukonje bukonje:
Indege zimwe zisubiza hamwe gukonjesha nkubushyuhe cyangwa abafana kugirango bagabanye ubushyuhe mubintu bikora cyane, bikore neza.
4. Ubwoko bwinyuma nubwubatsi
Indege zinyuma ziza muburyo butandukanye nubwubatsi, buri kimwe cyagenewe porogaramu zihariye muri electronics. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bwindege ningirakamaro muguhitamo igikwiye kubishushanyo bya sisitemu.
A. Indege Yinyuma na Indege Zikora:
Passive Backplane: Ubu bwoko bwinyuma ntigira uruziga rukora kandi rutanga gusa guhuza ibice. Ishingiye ku kibaho cyumukobwa cyangwa amakarita yo kwagura kugirango ikore ibimenyetso. Bikunze kugaragara muri sisitemu aho ikiguzi-cyoroshye kandi cyoroheje aricyo cyambere, indege yinyuma ikoreshwa muri sisitemu ifite ingingo imwe yo gutsindwa (SPOF).
Igikorwa gifatika: gikubiyemo chip ihuriweho yerekana ibimenyetso, kunoza ihererekanyamakuru no kuzamura imikorere ya sisitemu. Indege ikora neza iraruhije kandi mubisanzwe iboneka mubikorwa byihuse, aho ibimenyetso byerekana ubudahangarwa no kwihanganira amakosa.
B. Indege:
Indege yo hagati ni ubwoko bwihariye bwinyuma ihuza module kumpande zombi, ikunze gukoreshwa muri seriveri ya blade nibikoresho byitumanaho. Bitandukanye nindege gakondo, indege zo hagati zitanga ubucucike bukabije kandi buringaniye, bufasha guhuza haba imbere ninyuma yibibaho.
C. Impapuro zerekana inyuma:
Imiterere yibintu igira uruhare runini mukumenya ingano, guhuza imbaraga, hamwe nu mwanya wibikoresho byinyuma. Impamvu zisanzwe zirimo:
ATX na microATX kuri sisitemu isanzwe yo kubara
cPCI na VME64x kubikorwa byinganda no kwirwanaho
SOSA na OpenVPX kubyihuta-byihuta, bishushanyije
D. Ibipimo rusange:
Ibipimo byinshi byinganda byemeza imikoranire no guhuza muburyo butandukanye bwububiko bwinyuma:
SOSA ™: Ikoreshwa mu kirere no kwirwanaho kuri sisitemu ishingiye kuri sensor
GufunguraVPX ™: Azwiho kwihuta kwamakuru no kohereza
PICMG: Gushyigikira ibikorwa byinganda nka cPCI
Muguhitamo ibyubatswe byimbere byububiko hamwe nibintu bifatika, abashushanya sisitemu barashobora guhitamo ubunini, imikorere, hamwe nigihe kizaza-mubikorwa bitandukanye.
5.Ibisabwa byindege zinyuranye mu nganda
Indege zigira uruhare runini mu nganda nyinshi zitanga modularite, ihererekanyamakuru ryihuse, kandi ryizewe. Imiterere yabo itandukanye ibemerera kumenyera ibintu byinshi, uhereye ku itumanaho kugeza mu kirere no kwirwanaho.
A. Itumanaho:
Mu bikoresho by'itumanaho nka router, switch, na sitasiyo fatizo, indege zinyuma byorohereza guhuza amakarita yo gutunganya, module ihuza, hamwe namakarita ya I / O. Indege ya terefone igomba gushyigikira umurongo mwinshi kandi ikemeza ko ubukererwe buke, ari ngombwa kuri sisitemu yitumanaho nyayo. Izi ndege zitanga kandi umurengera kugirango ugabanye igihe cyo hasi kandi urebe neza kwihanganira amakosa.
B. Ibikorwa Remezo na Serveri:
Muri seriveri hamwe na sisitemu yo gukora cyane (HPC), indege zinyuma zituma ihuza CPU, module yibuka, nibikoresho byo kubika. Bemeza ko amakuru yihuse, yemerera gukora neza umubare munini wamakuru. Indege ya seriveri yagenewe gushyigikira ibishyushye bishyushye hamwe nibikoresho bitanga ingufu, bikabangamira bike mugihe cyo kubungabunga.
C. Gukoresha inganda:
Mu gutangiza inganda, indege zihuza PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers), I / O modules, hamwe nibikoresho byo kugenzura, bitanga igenzura-nyaryo nigihe cyo kugenzura ibikorwa bigoye. Izi ndege zigomba kuba zikomeye kugirango zikemure ibidukikije bikaze kandi byemeze igihe kirekire.
D. Ikirere n'Ingabo:
Mu kirere no muri sisitemu ya gisirikare, indege zikoreshwa zikoreshwa muri sisitemu ya radar, indege, hamwe na elegitoroniki ikomeye. Zitanga ibishushanyo-byihanganira amakosa kandi byubatswe kugirango bihangane n'ubushyuhe bukabije hamwe no kunyeganyega, byemeza imikorere yizewe mubihe bigoye.
Mugushoboza igishushanyo mbonera, indege ningenzi muri sisitemu yo gukora cyane murwego rwinganda zitandukanye, ishyigikira ubunini no kwemeza ubunyangamugayo mubisabwa gusaba.
6.Gushiraho Ibitekerezo byindege
Gutegura indege isaba kwitondera ibintu byinshi kugirango umenye neza ibimenyetso, guhuza imashini, hamwe nubuyobozi bwubushyuhe. Ibi bitekerezo nibyingenzi mugutezimbere imikorere-yizewe kandi yizewe mubikorwa byinganda nkitumanaho, mudasobwa, nindege.
A. Ubunyangamugayo bw'ikimenyetso:
Kugumana ubunyangamugayo bwibimenyetso nibyingenzi mugushushanya inyuma. Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumiterere yikimenyetso harimo uburebure bwikurikiranwa, guhuza impedance, hamwe ninzira nyabagendwa. Kugirango amakuru yizewe yizewe, abashushanya bagomba gutekereza:
Kugabanya uburebure bwa tronc kugirango ugabanye ibimenyetso bitesha agaciro
Kugenzura impedance kugirango wirinde gutekereza no kugoreka
Kugabanya inzira nyabagendwa hagati yumurongo wibimenyetso byegeranye unyuze muburyo bukwiye
B. Guhuza imashini:
Indege zinyuma zigomba guhuza nuburyo bukenewe hamwe nuburyo bukenewe bwa sisitemu rusange. Ibyingenzi byingenzi birimo:
Ingano nogushiraho umwobo kugirango uhuze chassis cyangwa uruzitiro
Kwemeza ahantu hatandukanye hamwe nubwoko bwihuza byujuje amakarita yo kwagura
Guhuza ibice byihariye, amakadiri, hamwe ninganda
C. Gucunga Ubushyuhe:
Nkuko indege zikoreshwa zikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo hejuru, gucunga neza ubushyuhe ni ngombwa. Ibishushanyo mbonera birimo:
Shyushya sink cyangwa abafana kugirango bagabanye ubushyuhe mubice
Igishushanyo mbonera cyiza cyo mu kirere
Gukoresha vias yumuriro kugirango uzamure ubushyuhe ukoresheje ikibaho
D. Kubahiriza ibipimo bya EMI / EMC:
Kugirango wirinde kwivanga kwa electronique (EMI) no kwemeza guhuza amashanyarazi (EMC), indege zigomba kubahiriza amahame yinganda. Ibi birimo:
Gukingira tekinike yo guhagarika kwivanga udashaka
Kugenzura indege ikwiye kugirango ibungabunge ibimenyetso kandi ikumire urusaku
Ibishushanyo mbonera byerekana neza ko indege ikora neza muri sisitemu zinyuranye zikora neza, kuzamura ubwizerwe, ubunini, hamwe nuburinganire bwamakuru mugihe bikomeza kubahiriza amahame yinganda.
7.Kutandukanya hagati yindege ninyuma
Mugihe indege zombi hamwe nibibaho byibanze muri sisitemu ya elegitoronike, ziratandukanye mumikorere, igishushanyo, hamwe nibisabwa. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro bifasha muguhitamo ibice bikenewe kuri sisitemu yihariye ikeneye.
A. Kugereranya imikorere:
Ikibaho cyababyeyi: Byakoreshejwe cyane cyane muri mudasobwa kugiti cye na mudasobwa zigendanwa, ikibaho kibaho nkibibaho nyamukuru byumuzunguruko birimo CPU, kwibuka, hamwe no kwagura ibikoresho bya I / O. Bahuza imbaraga zo gutunganya no guhuza mukibaho kimwe, cyiza kuri sisitemu yegeranye.
Indege zinyuma: Bitandukanye nimbaho, indege yibanda kubihuza no guhinduka. Ntabwo basanzwe bashiramo imbaraga zo gutunganya ahubwo batanga ibibanza byo gushyiramo amakarita yo kwaguka, ikibaho cyumukobwa, hamwe na moderi ya peripheri. Ibi bituma indege zinyuma zikwiranye ninganda, itumanaho, hamwe na seriveri aho usanga ubunini nubucucike byashyizwe imbere.
B. Koresha Imanza Kuri Buri:
Ikibaho cyababyeyi: Ibyiza kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki hamwe na sisitemu ntoya yo kubara aho guhitamo ibice byose mubuyobozi bumwe. Ingero zirimo mudasobwa ya desktop, mudasobwa zigendanwa, na sisitemu yo gukina.
Inyuma: Byiza kuri sisitemu ya modular aho kwaguka cyangwa kwihindura bikenewe. Zikoreshwa cyane muri seriveri, ibikoresho byo guhuza imiyoboro, itumanaho, no gutangiza inganda.
C. Ubwihindurize kuva Mubibaho Kuri Modular Yinyuma:
Nkuko sisitemu zimaze kuba ingorabahizi, gukenera ubwubatsi bunini kandi bwubatswe bwatumye habaho ubwihindurize kuva ku mbaho gakondo kugera kuri sisitemu ishingiye ku ndege. Izi ndege zemerera kuzamura byoroshye, gutanga amashanyarazi arenze, no kongeramo amakarita yihariye yo kwagura ajyanye nimirimo yihariye.
Muncamake, mugihe ikibaho cyababyeyi gitanga igisubizo-kimwe-kimwe kubikoresho bito, indege zitanga ibintu byoroshye guhinduka, modularité, hamwe nibikorwa muri sisitemu igoye cyane-imikorere.
PC PC
Kubara
Mudasobwa zigendanwa
Ibinini binini
Mudasobwa igendanwa
Akanama gashinzwe inganda PC
Ikiganza
PC Yinganda PC
