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Yintoni uthotho RS232 Port?
2024-11-06 10:52:21
Izibuko lothotho lwe-RS232 lumgangatho wonxibelelwano oludumileyo oluvumela ugqithiso lwedatha olulandelelanayo phakathi kwezixhobo. Umgangatho we-RS232, owacetywa kuqala yi-Electronic Industries Association (EIA) kwiminyaka yoo-1960, wabonakala ubalulekile ekudibaniseni iSixhobo seSiteshi seDatha (DTE), esifana neekhompyutha, kwiZixhobo zoNxibelelwano lweDatha (DCE), njengemodem. Le protocol yayibaluleke kakhulu kuthungelwano lwekhompyuter kwaye isasetyenziswa kwezinye iinkqubo zoshishino kunye neenkqubo ezizinzisiweyo namhlanje.
Isiqulatho
- 1. Ukubaluleka ngokwembali
- 2. Kutheni i-RS232 ihleli ifanelekile?
- 3. Iziseko zoNxibelelwano oluKhulu
- 4. RS232 Protocol Icacisiwe
- 5. Isebenza njani iRS232?
- 6. Izicelo eziqhelekileyo ze-RS232 Ports
- 7. Umahluko phakathi kwe RS232, RS485, kunye ne RS422 Uthotho lwamazibuko
- 7. Umahluko phakathi kwe-RS232, i-USB, kunye ne-Ethernet Ports
- 8. Izinto eziluncedo kunye neMida ye-RS232 Ports
Ukubaluleka kwezembali
Phambi kwe-USB kunye nolunye ujongano olunesantya esiphezulu, izibuko zeRS232 zazibalulekile ekudibaniseni iikhompyuter zobuqu kwiiperipherals ezinje ngabashicileli, iimpuku, kunye nokugcinwa kwangaphandle. Uyilo lwe-RS232 luvumela unxibelelwano olupheleleyo oluyi-duplex, evumela ukuba idatha ithunyelwe kwaye yamkelwe ngaxeshanye ngoqhagamshelwano olufanayo.
Kutheni i-RS232 ihleli ifanelekile?
Ngaphandle kokunyuka konxibelelwano olutsha, i-RS232 ihlala ixabisekile ngenxa yokulula, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuhambelana neenkqubo zelifa. Umzekelo, oomatshini bemizi-mveliso kunye nezixhobo zonyango zisaxhomekeke kwizixhumanisi ze-RS232 ezifana ne-DB9 kunye ne-DB25 ngenxa yokuqina kunye nokulula kokusombulula ingxaki.
Iziseko zoNxibelelwano lweSerial
Unxibelelwano lothotho yindlela esisiseko yokudlulisa idatha phakathi kwezixhobo, apho ulwazi luthunyelwa kancinci kancinci ngejelo ledatha enye. Obu buchule buchasene nonxibelelwano olunxuseneyo, oluthumela amasuntswana amaninzi ngaxeshanye kumajelo amaninzi. Unxibelelwano olulandelelanayo lwe-RS232 luthandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokulula, ukuthembeka, kunye nokukwazi ukugubungela imigama emide kunonxibelelwano olunxuseneyo.
I-RS232 Protocol Icacisiwe
Iprothokholi ye-RS232 yimigangatho esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunxibelelwano lwedatha yeserial. Ichazwa yi-Electronic Industries Association (EIA), ichaza i-mechanical, umbane, kunye neempawu ezisebenzayo ze-interface phakathi kweSixhobo seSiteshi seDatha (i-DTE), njengekhompyutha, kunye neZixhobo zoNxibelelwano lweDatha (DCE), njengemodem. Le protocol yenza ukuba ukudluliselwa kwedatha kwitshaneli enye, ixhasa unxibelelwano olupheleleyo lwe-duplex apho idatha ingathunyelwa kwaye ifunyenwe ngaxeshanye.
Isebenza Njani I-RS232?
Umgangatho we-RS232 usebenzisa ubuchule obuthe ngqo ekunikezelweni kwedatha yothotho. Idatha igqithiswa kancinci kancinci ukusuka kwesinye isixhobo ukuya kwesinye ngomqondiso onesiphelo esinye esinamanqanaba ombane achazwe kwangaphambili kunye neeprothokholi zokuxhawulana. Ulwakhiwo lwe-RS232 luyenza ifaneleke kumgama omde, unxibelelwano lwesantya esisezantsi phakathi kwezixhobo ezifuna ukuhamba kwedatha okuhambelanayo, okuthembekileyo.
Iprotocol ye-RS232 isebenza ngamanqanaba esignali achazwe kakuhle, ukucwangciswa kweepin, kunye neendlela zokulawula ukuhamba. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kokuqala kunye nokuyeka iibhithi kwimowudi ye-asynchronous iqinisekisa ukuchaneka, ngelixa i-hardware kunye ne-software ephathwayo ikhusela ukuphuphuma kwedatha. Ukukwazi ukuthumela idatha kwimilinganiselo ye-baud echaziweyo kunye nemigangatho yombane ecacileyo yenza i-RS232 ibe yinto ethembekileyo, eyomeleleyo yonxibelelwano lwe-serial kuzo zombini iinkqubo zelifa kunye nezoshishino.
Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lwe-RS232 Ports
Izibuko le-RS232 lihlala lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso, zorhwebo, kunye nezizinzisiweyo ngaphandle kwemigangatho emitsha yonxibelelwano. Ukuthembeka kwayo, ukulula, kunye nenkxaso yonxibelelwano lomgama omde kwenza i-RS232 ibaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo apho uzinzo kunye nokulula kokusombulula ingxaki kubaluleke kakhulu.
Izixhobo zoShishino kunye nezoRhwebo
Kwiindawo zemizi-mveliso, amazibuko e-RS232 abalulekile ekudibaniseni abalawuli bengqiqo (PLCs), izinzwa, kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza. I-serial port yenza ukuhanjiswa kwedatha okuzinzileyo phakathi kwezixhobo kumgama owandisiweyo, okuyimfuneko kwiifektri, imigca yendibano, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula inkqubo. Imizekelo ibandakanya:
Unxibelelwano lwe-PLC: Ivumela ulawulo oluzenzekelayo koomatshini.
Iinkqubo zeSCADA: Ulawulo lokuLawula kunye neenkqubo zokuFumana iiDatha zixhomekeke kwi-RS232 yokuhanjiswa kwedatha ethembekileyo ukusuka kwizixhobo ezikude.
Iinzwa zemizi-mveliso kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa: I-RS232 iqinisekisa ukuloga kwedatha echanekileyo kwixesha elide.
I-RS232 kwiNethiwekhi kunye noNxibelelwano lweModem
Iimodem kunye nezixhobo zothungelwano zaziphakathi kwezamkelo zakuqala zeRS232. I-RS232 yenza unxibelelwano olupheleleyo oluphindwe kabini, ivumela idatha ukuba ihambe kumacala omabini ngaxeshanye, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kunxibelelwano ngefowuni.
Usetyenziso oluphambili kolu didi lubandakanya:
Imidibaniso yeModem: I-RS232 iququzelela unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo phakathi kweekhompyuter kunye neemodem zokudluliselwa kwedatha ngeentambo zefowuni.
Izibuko ze-router console: Iirotha ezininzi zisasebenzisa i-RS232 kuqwalaselo lokuqala kunye nokusombulula ingxaki ngofikelelo lweconsole.
I-RS232 kwiiNkqubo eziFakelweyo
Ubulula be-RS232 buyenza ilungele i-microcontrollers kunye nezixhobo ezifakwe kwizicelo ezifana nerobhothi, i-automation, kunye neprototyping yombane. Kwezi setingi, i-RS232 ibonelela ngendlela ethe ngqo yokuhambisa idatha phakathi kweenkqubo ezizinzisiweyo kunye neeperipherals.
Ujongano lweMicrocontroller: Ii-Microcontrollers zihlala zibandakanya izibuko zeRS232 ukunxibelelana neekhompyuter zokucwangcisa kunye nokulungisa ingxaki.
Iinkqubo zokulawula iirobhothi: I-RS232 isetyenziselwa ukulawula abaqhubi beemoto, izinzwa, kunye nee-activators kwiirobhothi.
Izixhobo zokuxilonga: Izixhobo zonyango kunye neemoto zokuxilonga zihlala zisebenzisa i-RS232 ukubuyisela idatha ebalulekileyo.
Umahluko Phakathi RS232, RS485, kunye RS422 Uthotho Ports
Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa: RS232 vs. RS485 vs. RS422| Uphawu | RS232 | RS485 | RS422 |
| Uhlobo loMqondiso | Iphela-nye | Umahluko | Umahluko |
| Ubukhulu bomgama | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15 yeemitha | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1200 yeemitha | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1200 yeemitha |
| Data Rate | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-115.2 kbps | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 Mbps | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 Mbps |
| Uhlobo loQhagamshelwano | Yalatha-kwinqaku | Ukulahla okuninzi (ukuya kwizixhobo ezingama-32) | I-point-to-point okanye i-multi-drop |
| I-Noise Immunity | Phantsi | Phezulu | Phezulu |
| Usetyenziso | Iinkqubo zelifa, iimodem | I-Automation ye-Industrial | Ezonyango, izixhobo |
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-RS232, RS485, kunye ne-RS422 ilele kwabo iintlobo zesignali, uluhlu, amazinga edatha, inkxaso yezixhobo ezininzi, kunye nosetyenziso.
I-RS232 isebenzisa i-single-end umqondiso, nto leyo eyenza kube lula kwingxolo kunye nokuphazamiseka, ngelixa i-RS485 kunye ne-RS422 zisebenzisa imiqondiso eyahlukileyo, ukuthumela imiqondiso njengezibini zombane oncedisayo ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olukhulu lwengxolo, ngakumbi kwimigama emide.
Ngemimiselo yokuba uluhlu kunye nesantya, I-RS232 iyasebenza kwizicelo ezifutshane, ezilinganiselwe malunga neemitha ezili-15 kunye namazinga edatha aphantsi. I-RS485, nangona kunjalo, inokusebenza ngaphezulu komgama ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1200 yeemitha, nangona isantya esisezantsi, iyenza ilungele uthungelwano lwemizi-mveliso. I-RS422 inokuphinda ifikelele kwi-1200 yeemitha kwaye, eyenzelwe ukuseta i-point-to-point okanye i-multi-drop setups, inikezela ngemilinganiselo ephezulu yedatha kune-RS232.
Kuba unxibelelwano lwezixhobo ezininzi, I-RS485 igqame ngokuxhasa ukuya kuthi ga kwizixhobo ze-32 kwibhasi enye, iyenza ilungele uthungelwano lwe-multi-drop. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-RS232 ivumela kuphela uxhulumaniso lwe-point-to-point, ukukhawulela kwizixhobo ezibini, ngelixa i-RS422 inokusingatha abamkeli abaninzi kodwa umqhubi omnye kuphela, okwenza kube luncedo kwiisetingi ezifuna unxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo ze-10.
Ngokuphathelele izicelo, I-RS232 isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zelifa kunye nombane wabathengi. I-RS485 ikhethwa kwi-automation ye-industrial ukuze ilawule izixhobo ezininzi kumgama owandisiweyo, ngelixa i-RS422 isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizixhobo zonyango kunye nesantya esiphezulu, unxibelelwano lwe-point-to-point.
Umahluko Phakathi kwe-RS232, i-USB, kunye ne-Ethernet Ports
| Uphawu | RS232 | i-USB | I-Ethernet |
| Data Rate | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-115.2 kbps | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 Gbps | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 Gbps nangaphezulu |
| Umgama | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15 yeemitha | Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kwi-5 yeemitha | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 yeemitha (ubhedu) |
| Uhlobo loQhagamshelwano | Yalatha-kwinqaku | I-Hub-based, izixhobo ezininzi | Inethwekhi, izixhobo ezininzi |
| Izihlanganisi | DB9, DB25 | I-USB-A, i-USB-B, i-USB-C | RJ45 |
| Usetyenziso | Ishishini, ilifa | Ii-elektroniki zabathengi | Inethiwekhi, i-intanethi |
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-RS232, i-USB, kunye ne-Ethernet yeyabo amazinga edatha, uluhlu loqhagamshelwano, iintlobo zoqhagamshelwano, kunye nezicelo eziqhelekileyo. I-RS232 isebenza ngesantya esisezantsi, kunye nobuninzi be-115.2 kbps, iyenza ilungele utshintshiselwano lwedatha olulula. I-USB, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inika amaxabiso edatha ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, kunye ne-USB 2.0 efikelela kwi-480 Mbps kunye ne-USB 3.x exhasa ukuya kwi-20 Gbps, evumela izixhobo ukuba zithumele idatha ngokukhawuleza. I-Ethernet igqwesa zombini kwizicwangciso zeshishini, kunye nezantya ze-10 Gbps okanye ngaphezulu, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwiindawo zenethiwekhi ezifuna ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunye nokungaphazamiseki kwedatha.
Xa kufikwa ku uluhlu, I-RS232 inqunyelwe kwiimitha ezili-15 kwaye ixhasa kuphela izixhobo ezibini, inqande ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane. I-USB, ngokubanzi ifakwe kwi-5 yeemitha, inokudibanisa izixhobo ezininzi ngee-hubs. I-Ethernet, nangona kunjalo, ixhasa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 yeemitha ngaphezulu kweentambo zobhedu, iqhubela phambili ngakumbi ngefiber optics, iyenza ilungele ukudityaniswa komgama omde kwiiofisi kunye nothungelwano lwemizi-mveliso.
Ngemimiselo yokuba iintlobo zoqhagamshelwano, I-RS232 ixhasa kuphela unxibelelwano lwe-point-to-point, olukhawulela ukufakela izixhobo ezimbini. I-USB inikezela ngoqhagamshelo olusekwe kwihabhu, evumela izixhobo ezininzi ukuba zinxibelelane ngezibuko elinye. I-Ethernet ivumela uthungelwano lwezixhobo ezininzi, njengoko iirotha kunye nokutshintsha zidibanisa izixhobo ezininzi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi.
I-RS232 isetyenziswa kakhulu kwilifa nakwizixhobo zoshishino ezifuna unxibelelwano lwedatha olulula, oluthembekileyo. I-USB isetyenziswa kakhulu kubathengi be-elektroniki, ngakumbi kwiiperipherals ezifana nekhibhodi, abashicileli, kunye needrive zangaphandle. I-Ethernet ibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo zothungelwano, ivumela i-intanethi ye-intanethi kunye ne-LAN kwi-intanethi kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye neMida ye-RS232 Ports
Izibuko ze-RS232 zibe sisiseko sonxibelelwano lwe-serial amashumi eminyaka, ikakhulu esetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zelifa, ishishini pc China izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo ezizinzisiweyo. Ngaphandle kokunyuka kwemigangatho emitsha efana ne-USB kunye ne-Ethernet, i-RS232 ihlala ifanelekile kwizicelo ezithile ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezizodwa kunye nemida ethile.
Izinto ezilungileyo zeRS232 Ports
Ubulula: I-RS232 yiprotocol ethe ngqo, ilungele izicelo ezifuna unxibelelwano olusisiseko, olunesantya esisezantsi ngaphandle kokuseta okunzima. Iimfuno zehardware kunye nesoftware zincinci, zenza kube lula ukuzisebenzisa kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Ukuxhathisa ingxolo: I-RS232 isebenza ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamandla ombane (-3V ukuya -15V ngengqiqo "1" kunye + 3V ukuya + 15V ngengqiqo "0"), enika isithinteli ngokuchasene nokuthotywa komqondiso kunye nokuphazamiseka. Olu phawu lunenzuzo ngakumbi kwiindawo zoshishino apho ingxolo ixhaphakile. Olu phawu luluncedo ngakumbi kwi iipilisi zomgangatho wokuvelisa, apho iqhelekile ingxolo.
Ukuthembeka: Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwe-RS232 kwiinkqubo zelifa kubonisa ukuqina kwayo kunye nokuthembeka. Ithathwa ngokubanzi njengento ezinzileyo kwaye enokuxelwa kwangaphambili, kunye namazinga eempazamo amancinci, okwenza ukuba ilungele izixhobo ezifana iilaptops zomkhosi ezithengiswayo apho ukuthembeka kwedatha kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ixabiso Elisebenzayo: Izixhobo ezihambelana ne-RS232 kunye neentambo ngokuqhelekileyo azibizi kwaye zifumaneka ngokubanzi. Oku kusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kwenza i-RS232 ibe lukhetho olusebenzayo lwezicelo ezingadingi amaxabiso aphezulu edatha okanye imigama emide.
I-Point-to-Point Communication: I-RS232 i-point-to-point connection ivumela unxibelelwano oluzinikeleyo phakathi kwezixhobo ezibini, ezinokunciphisa ubunzima benethiwekhi kunye nokungqubana kwedatha okunokuthi kufumaneke kwiinethiwekhi ezininzi zezixhobo.
Unyino lweZibuko zeRS232
Izinga leDatha ePhantsi: Ireyithi yedatha ye-RS232 ephezulu ijikeleze i-115.2 kbps, ehamba kancinci kakhulu kunemigangatho yanamhlanje efana ne-USB (ukuya kwi-20 Gbps) kunye ne-Ethernet (10 Gbps okanye ngaphezulu). Olu lwazi lusezantsi lunciphisa ukufaneleka kwe-RS232 kwizicelo ezifuna ukudluliselwa kwedatha ngesantya esiphezulu, esifana pc yoshishino kunye ne-gpu.
Umgama olinganiselweyo: I-RS232 ikhawulelwe kwiimitha ezili-15 phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, okwenza ukuba ingafaneleki kunxibelelwano olude. Esi sithintelo sinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinkqubo ezinkulu okanye ezisasazwa ngokubanzi, njenge iadvantech rackmount pc ufakelo.
Unxibelelwano lweSixhobo esinye: I-RS232 ixhasa unxibelelwano lwe-point-to-point kuphela, oku kuthetha ukuba inokudibanisa izixhobo ezimbini kuphela. Ngokungafaniyo ne-RS485, evumela izixhobo ezininzi kumgca omnye, i-RS232 ayilunganga kwizicelo ezifuna ukulahla okuninzi okanye unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi, olufana nezo zibandakanya 2u ishishini pc.
Izihlanganisi ezinoBulky: I-RS232 isebenzisa i-DB9 okanye i-DB25 izihlanganisi, ezinkulu kwaye zilula kakhulu xa zithelekiswa ne-compact USB kunye nezihlanganisi ze-Ethernet. Oku kunokwenza i-RS232 ibe ngumceli mngeni ukuyisebenzisa kwi-compact, izixhobo ezinomda wendawo, njenge lunchbox pc izicwangciso.
Iimfuno zamandla: I-RS232 ayinakho ukukwazi ukuhambisa amandla phezu komgca wedatha, ngokungafaniyo ne-USB, enokuthi isebenzise izixhobo ezixhunyiwe. Lo mda udinga umthombo wamandla owongezelelweyo, ukongeza ubunzima kwiimeko apho unikezelo lwamandla phezu komgca wonxibelelwano lunokuba luncedo Ipaneli yoshishino pc odm izixhobo.
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