Uthini Umahluko phakathi kwe-4g vs 5g vs Lte?
Kwihlabathi elitshintsha ngokukhawuleza leenethiwekhi zeselula, ukwazi umahluko phakathi kwe-4G LTE kunye ne-5G kubalulekile. La magama avela kakhulu xa sithetha malunga nendlela iinethiwekhi eziphathwayo kunye nezantya ze-intanethi ziba ngcono. Itekhnoloji nganye inamandla ayo kunye nendlela eyitshintsha ngayo indlela yethu yokunxibelelana.
Ngoku, ngeteknoloji ye-5G ekhulayo, siyayithelekisa ne-4G kunye ne-LTE. Sijonge kwindlela egcina ngayo ngokwesantya, ukuba idatha ifika ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kuwe, kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi. Olu thelekiso lubalulekile kuba usetyenziso kunye neenkonzo ezintsha zifuna uthungelwano olukhawulezayo noluthembekileyo. Ukwazi lo mahluko kusinceda ukuba sikhethe iteknoloji efanelekileyo kwaye sijonge phambili kuphuculo lwe-intanethi lwexesha elizayo.
Isiqulatho
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
I-4G, i-LTE, kunye ne-5G imele izizukulwana ezahlukeneyo zeteknoloji yenethiwekhi yeselula.
Ukuqonda iiyantlukwano kubalulekile ekwenzeni izigqibo ezisekelwe kulwazi ngophuculo lwethekhinoloji.
Inkqubela phambili kobu buchwepheshe ichaphazela kakhulu uqhagamshelo lweselula kunye ne-intanethi yebroadband.
I-5G iteknoloji ithembisa isantya esiphezulu kunye ne-latency ephantsi xa kuthelekiswa ne-4G kunye ne-LTE.
Ukubamba lo mahluko kunceda ekucingeleni iintsingiselo zexesha elizayo kuthungelwano ngocingo.
Evolution of Mobile Network Technologies
Uhambo lwetekhnoloji yenethiwekhi yeselula ibe yinto engakholelekiyo. Itshintshe kakhulu ishishini lezonxibelelwano. Ukususela kwisizukulwana sokuqala (1G) ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, inyathelo ngalinye libe luphuculo olukhulu.
Inkqubo yokuqala yeselula, i-1G, yaqala ngeenethiwekhi ze-analog. Yayivumela iifowuni zelizwi ezisisiseko kodwa inomgangatho ophantsi kunye nokufikelela okulinganiselweyo.
Emva koko, i-2G yeza nemigangatho yedijithali. Iphucule umgangatho welizwi kunye nokugubungela kakhulu. Yazisa kwakhona iSMS, itshintsha indlela esithumela ngayo imiyalezo.
Isizukulwana sesithathu (3G) sazisa i-intanethi ephathwayo kunye neenkonzo ezingcono zedatha. Oku kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa i-intanethi, ukusasaza iividiyo, kunye nokunye kwiifowuni.
Ixesha le-4G lizise i-intanethi ekhawulezayo ngeteknoloji ye-LTE. Yenze ukusasaza, ukukhuphela, kunye nokudlala kwi-intanethi kube lula.
Imigangatho yeTelecom kunye nabathwali beselula ibe ngundoqo kwezi nkqubela phambili. Ukuhamba ukusuka kwi-analog ukuya kwidijithali kunye nokuphucula isantya sedatha kubonisa ukuba ishishini litshintsha ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.
| Isizukulwana | Ixesha | Iimpawu eziphambili | Impembelelo |
| 1G | 1980s | Ilizwi leAnalog | Unxibelelwano lwezwi olusisiseko |
| 2G | 1990s | ILizwi leDijithali, iSMS | Umgangatho welizwi ophuculweyo, imiyalezo ebhaliweyo |
| 3G | 2000s | I-intanethi ephathwayo, iiNkonzo zeDatha ezongezelelweyo | Ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi, ukufowuna ngevidiyo |
| 4G | 2010s-Ngoku | I-Intanethi enesantya esiphezulu, i-LTE | Ukusasazwa kweHD, ukukhuphela ngokukhawuleza |
Ishishini lezonxibelelwano lihlala likhula ngokubulela kwiimbono ezintsha kunye noko bafuna abasebenzisi. Isizukulwana esitsha ngasinye sobuchwepheshe beselula senza unxibelelwano lube ngcono kwaye luthembeke ngakumbi. Oku kumisela inqanaba lenkqubela phambili ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo.
Ukuqonda i-4G kunye ne-LTE
Amagama e-4G kunye ne-LTE ahlala esetyenziswa kunye. Kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba bathetha ukuthini ngokwenene. I-4G LTE sisizukulwana sesine sobuchwephesha benethiwekhi yeselula edityaniswe ne-Long Term Evolution (LTE). Lo mxube ukhulise kakhulu ukhuselo lwenethiwekhi, yenza ukhangelo lweselfowuni kunye nokusasaza kube lula kunangaphambili.
Itekhnoloji ye-4G LTE ihlangabezana nemigangatho ethile. Ibonelela ngesantya esiphezulu sokukhuphela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 Gbps kunye nesantya sokulayisha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 Mbps. Ezi santya zitshintshile indlela esizisebenzisa ngayo izixhobo eziphathwayo. Ngoku, imisebenzi ebifuna uqhagamshelo lweengcingo inokwenziwa ekuhambeni.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-4G LTE kukwancede ukwandisa ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi kwiindawo ezikude. Abathwali abafana neVerizon, AT&T, kunye ne-T-Mobile basebenzise i-4G LTE ukubonelela ngenkonzo eyomeleleyo kwiindawo ezibanzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba abasebenzisi baneefowuni eziphosiweyo ezimbalwa kunye nezantya ezikhawulezayo zedatha yeselula.
Nalu ujongo lokukhuphela okuqhelekileyo kunye nezantya zokulayisha kwiinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo zeselfowuni usebenzisa i-4G LTE:
| Umthwali | Izantya zoKhuphelo oluqhelekileyo | Izantya zokuLayisha eziQhelekileyo |
| Verizon | 25-50 Mbps | 5-12 Mbps |
| AT&T | 20-45 Mbps | 4-10 Mbps |
| T-Mobile | 15-30 Mbps | 3-8 Mbps |
Ukuqonda iimpawu ezingundoqo ze-4G LTE kunye neenzuzo kubonisa ukubaluleka kwayo. Iphucule kakhulu unxibelelwano kunye namava omsebenzisi kwihlabathi liphela.
Intshayelelo kwi-5G Technology
Ukufika kobuchwepheshe be-5G kubonisa inyathelo elikhulu kunxibelelwano olungenazingcingo. Isebenza kwiintlobo ezininzi zefrikhwensi kunye neebhendi ze-spectrum. Oku kuyenza ifikelele kwizantya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili. Yenzelwe ukonyusa umthamo womnatha, isinika uqhagamshelo olukhawulezayo noluthembekileyo, nakwindawo ezixineneyo.
I-5G isebenzisa uluhlu oluphezulu lwefrikhwensi ngendlela entsha kuthi. Ngokungafaniyo nobuchwephesha obudala, isebenzisa iifrikhwensi zombini ezisezantsi neziphezulu, kubandakanya namaza emilimitha. La mabhanti aphezulu athetha idatha ekhawulezayo kunye nokulibaziseka okuncinci. Oku kungundoqo kwizinto ezifana neemoto eziziqhubayo kunye nokutyelela ugqirha kwi-intanethi.
Enye i-plus enkulu kumthamo womnatha oziswa yi-5G. Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha be-eriyali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-spectrum ukuphatha izixhobo ezininzi. Oku kubalulekile njengoko izixhobo ezininzi ze-IoT zijoyina iinethiwekhi zethu, zifuna ukuthembeka okungcono kunye nesantya.
Makhe sijonge ukuba i-5G yahluke njani:
| Umba | 4G | 5G |
| Ireyithi yokuGqithisela ngeDatha | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 Gbps | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 Gbps |
| Ukubambezeleka | 50 millisecond | 1 millisecond |
| Iibhendi zokuphindaphinda | 700 MHz ukuya kwi-2.6 GHz | Ngaphantsi kwe-6 GHz, imilimitha yamaza (24-86 GHz) |
| Umthamo womnatha | Izixhobo ezili-1,000 ngekhilomitha nganye yesikwere | Izixhobo eziyi-1,000,000 ngekhilomitha nganye yesikwere |
Ngamafutshane, i-5G ingaphezulu nje kokuphucula ukusuka kwi-4G. Ngumtsi omkhulu kunxibelelwano olungenazingcingo. Ngokusetyenziswa kwayo ngobuchule kwiindidi zefrikhwensi kunye neebhendi ze-spectrum, kunye nomthamo ongcono wenethiwekhi, i-5G isetelwe ukutshintsha indlela esinxibelelana ngayo kunye nokusebenzisana nehlabathi.
Iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kwe-4G, i-LTE, kunye ne-5G
Ukufika kwe-5G kuphawule ukutsiba okukhulu ukuya phambili ukusuka kwi-4G kunye ne-LTE. Izisa isantya sedatha ekhawulezayo, ukulibaziseka okuncinci kwenethiwekhi, kunye nemigangatho emitsha engenazingcingo. Olu tshintsho luvula amathuba amatsha.
Omnye umahluko ophambili kusetyenziso lwe-spectrum. I-4G kunye ne-LTE ikakhulu zisebenzisa iibhendi zamaza aphantsi. Kodwa i-5G isebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi, kubandakanywa amaza aphezulu. Oku kukhokelela kwizantya ezikhawulezayo zedatha kunye nokulibaziseka okuncinci. Ikwayenza imiqondiso ibe yomelele kwaye ithembeke ngakumbi kwizixeko ezixineneyo.
| Uphawu | 4G | LTE | 5G |
| Izantya zeDatha | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 Mbps | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-300 Mbps | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 Gbps |
| ILatency yeNethiwekhi | ~50ms | ~30ms | ~1ms |
| Imigangatho engenazingcingo | I-LTE iqhubele phambili | I-LTE Advanced Pro | Irediyo entsha (NR) |
| Ukwabiwa kweSpectrum | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6 GHz | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6 GHz | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 GHz |
| Amandla oMqondiso | Amandla asemgangathweni | Amandla Aphuculweyo | Iphuculwe kakhulu |
Ii-Real-World Applications and Use Cases
Njengoko siqhubela phambili ngeteknoloji yenethiwekhi, i-4G, i-LTE, kunye ne-5G iyabutshintsha ubomi bethu. Banceda ukwenza i-intanethi yezinto isebenze ngcono. Bakwanceda ekudaleni izixeko ezikrelekrele kwihlabathi liphela.
I-intanethi yezinto (IoT) ithetha ukuba izixhobo ziyathethana ukwenza ubomi bube lula. Izinto ezifana nezixhobo zekhaya ezihlakaniphile kunye nezinzwa zemizi-mveliso zifuna uthungelwano oluqinileyo. I-4G, LTE, kunye ne-5G ibonelela oko.
Izixeko ezi-Smart ziba yinyani ngenxa yolu nxibelelwano. Basebenzisa izixhobo ze-IoT ukulawula izixhobo kunye nokuphucula iinkonzo. Umzekelo, iinkqubo zetrafikhi ezihlakaniphile zisebenzisa idatha ukunciphisa i-traffic kunye nokwenza iindlela zikhuseleke.
Ezothutho nazo ziphuculwe nge-5G. Inceda iimoto ukuthetha enye kwenye kunye neenkqubo zendlela. Oku kwenza ukuqhuba kukhuseleke kwaye kusebenze ngakumbi.
Inyani eyongeziweyo kunye nenyani ebonakalayo iya ibangcono nge-5G nayo. Bafuna uthungelwano olukhawulezayo noluthembekileyo ukuze basebenze kakuhle. Izikolo, izibhedlele nolonwabo zizisebenzisa ukuze zibonelele ngamava abhetele.
| Iteknoloji | Sebenzisa Amatyala | Iingenelo |
| 4G | Ukudityaniswa okusisiseko kwe-IoT, usetyenziso lokuqala lwesixeko esilumkileyo | Uqhagamshelo oluthembekileyo, olunokwehla |
| LTE | Iphuculwe Izixhobo ze-IoT, ukuphuculwa kwezantya zedatha | Ukusebenza ngcono, ukugubungela ngokubanzi |
| 5G | NONE izithuthi ezizimeleyo, ngokuntywilisela inyani eyandisiweyokwaye inyani ebonakalayo | I-bandwidth ephezulu, i-ultra-low latency |
Ukuhambelana kwesixhobo kunye neziseko zophuhliso
Ihlabathi lobuchwepheshe beselula litshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ngoku kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo kunye neenethiwekhi zisebenza kakuhle kunye. Ngetekhnoloji entsha efana ne-5G, iifowuni kunye neenethiwekhi kufuneka zihlale zilungile.
Ukuseta iinethiwekhi zetekhnoloji entsha kufuna amanyathelo akhethekileyo. Iifowuni ezindala zinokuba nzima kunye nemigangatho emitsha. Nditsho ne-LTE yayililitye lokunyathela ukuya kwi-5G epheleleyo, efuna itekhnoloji yamva nje.
1.Ii-smartphones zidinga iitshiphusi zerediyo eziphucukileyo kunye nee-eriyali ukuxhasa i-5G frequencies.
2. Uphuhliso lweziseko zophuhliso malubandakanye ukufakelwa kwezikhululo ezininzi zeeseli ezincinci ukwenzela ukwanda kokhuseleko.
I-3.I-Network deployment iquka ukuphuculwa kweenqaba ezikhoyo ze-4G ukusingatha i-5G traffic.
Ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno, itekhnoloji yeselula yenze imitsi emikhulu. Oku kukhokelele ekugxininiseni ekwakheni uthungelwano olusebenza ngezixhobo ezindala nezitsha. Ngale ndlela, wonke umntu unokuhlala eqhagamshelwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ifowuni yakhe.
Kwakhona, ukusebenzisa i-AI kunye ne-IoT kwiinethiwekhi kubenza bahlakaniphe. Oku kunceda ukulawula izixhobo ngcono. Indlela elungileyo yokuhambelana nesixhobo kunye nokwakhiwa kothungelwano luqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu ufumana amava angcono. Ikwanceda ubuchwephesha beselula buqhubeke bukhula.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye neMida
I-4G, LTE, kunye ne-5G zitshintshe kakhulu iinethiwekhi zeselula. Nganye ineengenelo zayo kunye neengxaki zayo. Kubalulekile ukubajonga ngokwe-bandwidth, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukuthembeka, kunye nokhuseleko.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Bandwidth ngundoqo wokuphatha uqhagamshelo oluninzi ngexesha elinye. I-4G kunye ne-LTE ziphuculwe kakhulu, kodwa i-5G ibhetele ngakumbi. Ibonelela ngedatha ekhawulezayo kunye nonxibelelwano olungcono.
Kodwa, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kungumba omkhulu. I-5G isebenzisa amandla amaninzi kune-4G kunye ne-LTE. Kufuneka sifumane iindlela zokwenza i-5G isebenzise amandla amancinci ukuyigcina iqhubeka.
Ukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi nako kubalulekile. I-4G kunye ne-LTE zithembekile, kodwa i-5G izinzile ngakumbi. Ilungile kwizinto ezinjengeemoto eziziqhubayo kunye ne-telemedicine.
Ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yinkxalabo enkulu kubo bonke ubuchwephesha beselula. I-4G kunye ne-LTE zinokhuseleko oluluqilima, kodwa i-5G ineeprothokholi ezingcono zokufihla. Igcina idatha ikhuselekile kubaduni kunye nokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga.
| Ipharamitha | 4G | LTE | 5G |
| I-Bandwidth Efficiency | Phakathi | Phezulu | Iphezulu kakhulu |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla | Phakathi | Phezulu | Phezulu kakhulu |
| Ukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi | Phezulu | Phezulu kakhulu | Phezulu kakhulu |
| Ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi | Yomelele | Omelele ngakumbi | Inamandla ngeAdvanced IiProthokholi zoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo |
Amathemba kunye noPhuhliso lwexesha elizayo
Ikamva lothungelwano oluphathwayo liyonwabile, kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji elundini. Olu hlaziyo lujolise ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno ezikhulayo zedatha kunye nokuxhasa ubugcisa obutsha. Ukusuka kwiimoto eziziqhubayo ukuya kwizixeko ezihlakaniphileyo, okunokwenzeka nge-5G nangaphaya akupheli.
Kodwa, kukwakho nemingeni ekufuneka yoyiswe. Ukuhambisa itekhnoloji entsha, ngakumbi kwihlabathi liphela, kunzima. Imiba efana nokwabiwa kwee-spectrum, ukusekwa kwedolophu, kunye nemigaqo kufuneka isombululwe. Ezi ngxaki zenza inkqubo yokukhutshwa ibenzima.
Imali nayo ibalulekile. Iindleko zokwakha kunye nokuhlaziya amanethiwekhi aphezulu. Bobabini oorhulumente kunye neenkampani kufuneka batyale imali ngobulumko. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu unokufikelela kubuchwephesha bamva nje.
Ukugcina izinto ezintsha ziphila ngundoqo. Njengoko sivavanya i-6G nangaphezulu, iinkampani zityhala imida yento enokwenzeka. Bajonge ukunyusa isantya, ukunciphisa ukulibaziseka, kunye nokwenza uthungelwano luthembeke ngakumbi.
Isishwankathelo, indlela eya kuthungelwano olungcono lweselula izaliswe ngawo omabini amathuba kunye nemiqobo. Ifuna intsebenziswano ukujongana nokuthunyelwa, iindleko zotyalo-mali, kunye nokuphuculwa kwenethiwekhi. Sikunye, sinokwenza ikamva apho wonke umntu edityanisiwe.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukuhamba ukusuka kwi-4G ukuya kwi-LTE ukuya kwi-5G linyathelo elikhulu eliya phambili kwi-tech tech. Inyathelo ngalinye lenze ubomi bethu bedijithali bubengcono, siphucula indlela esisebenzisa ngayo itekhnoloji. Ukutshintshela kwi-5G kuyonwabisa ngakumbi, kusizisela isantya esikhawulezayo kunye nonxibelelwano olungcono.
Kwabo bafuna ukuthembeka iipilisi zoshishino zesiko ngomsebenzi ophathwayo, ezi zixhobo ezirhabaxa zinokugqibelela kwizicelo ezisendleleni. Imfuno yezisombululo ze-cutting-edge nayo ibonakaliswe kubuchule obukhulayo be abavelisi beekhompyutha zoshishino, ababonelela ngeemveliso eziphucukileyo ezilungiselelwe amashishini ahlukeneyo.
Ukongeza kwiipilisi, PC ephathwayo yoshishino iinketho zenzelwe abo bafuna ubhetyebhetye ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukusebenza. Kwizisombululo ezixineneyo, a panel PC 12 intshi inikeza indawo yokugcina indawo kodwa enamandla ujongano olulungele imekobume yemizimveliso.
Ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo ishishini PC China kwiinkqubo ezingabizi kakhulu kunye nezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezi zisombululo zibonelela ngeemfuno zoshishino ezahlukeneyo. Ukufumana izisombululo ezijolise ngakumbi ekuhambeni, i incwadi yamashishini igqibelele kwabo bafuna ibhalansi yokuphatheka kunye noburhabaxa.
Ukongeza, kwimisebenzi efuna ngakumbi, a laptop yomkhosi iyathengiswa inikeza ukuqina kunye nokuqina okufunekayo kwiimeko ezinzima. Ithebhulethi eqinileyo enezibuko le-ethernet iinketho zikwakhona, ziqinisekisa uqhagamshelo oluthembekileyo nakwiindawo ezinzima kakhulu.
I-PC yeRackmount
Embedded Computing
IiKhompyutha eziphathwayo zoShishino
Amacwecwe aMagingxigingxi
ILaptop eRhagedle
Ipaneli yePC yoShishino
I-Handheld Emagingxigingxi
I-Advantech Industrial PC
