Uyini Umehluko Phakathi Kwe-4g vs 5g vs Lte?
Emhlabeni oshintsha ngokushesha wamanethiwekhi eselula, ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwe-4G LTE ne-5G kubalulekile. Lawa magama avela kakhulu uma sikhuluma ngokuthi amanethiwekhi eselula nesivinini se-inthanethi siba ngcono kanjani. Ubuchwepheshe ngabunye bunamandla abo nokuthi buyishintsha kanjani indlela yethu yokuxhumana.
Manje, ngobuchwepheshe be-5G obukhulayo, sesibuqhathanisa ne-4G ne-LTE. Sibheka ukuthi inqwabelana kanjani ngokuya ngesivinini, ukuthi idatha ifika ngokushesha kangakanani kuwe, kanye nokusebenza kukonke. Lokhu kuqhathanisa kubalulekile ngoba izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha namasevisi adinga amanethiwekhi eselula asheshayo nathembekile. Ukwazi lo mehluko kusisiza ukuthi sikhethe ubuchwepheshe obufanele futhi sibheke phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwe-inthanethi kwesikhathi esizayo.
Okuqukethwe
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
I-4G, LTE, ne-5G imele izizukulwane ezihlukene zobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yeselula.
Ukuqonda umehluko kubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe.
Intuthuko kulobu buchwepheshe kuba nomthelela omkhulu ekuxhumekeni kwamaselula kanye ne-inthanethi ye-broadband.
Ubuchwepheshe be-5G buthembisa isivinini esiphezulu nokubambezeleka okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-4G ne-LTE.
Ukubamba lokhu kwehluka kusiza ekubikezeleni izitayela zesikhathi esizayo kwezokuxhumana.
Ukuvela kwe-Mobile Network Technologies
Uhambo lobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yeselula beluyinto engakholeki. Ishintshe kakhulu imboni yezokuxhumana. Kusukela esizukulwaneni sokuqala (1G) kuze kube namuhla, isinyathelo ngasinye sibe yintuthuko enkulu.
Isistimu yokuqala yeselula, i-1G, iqale ngamanethiwekhi e-analog. Ivumele amakholi ezwi ayisisekelo kodwa ibe nekhwalithi ephansi nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe.
Kwabe sekufika i-2G namazinga edijithali. Ithuthukise ikhwalithi yezwi kanye nokutholakala kakhulu. Iphinde yethula i-SMS, ishintsha indlela esithumela ngayo umbhalo.
Isizukulwane sesithathu (3G) silethe i-inthanethi ephathwayo kanye nezinsiza zedatha ezingcono. Lokhu kwenze kwaba lula ukusebenzisa i-inthanethi, ukusakaza amavidiyo, nokunye okwengeziwe kumafoni.
Inkathi ye-4G ilethe i-inthanethi esheshayo ngobuchwepheshe be-LTE. Kwenze ukusakaza, ukulanda, kanye nokudlala ku-inthanethi kwaba lula kakhulu.
Izindinganiso ze-Telecom nabathwali beselula kube ukhiye kule ntuthuko. Ukusuka ku-analog kuye kudijithali nokwenza ngcono isivinini sedatha kubonisa ukuthi imboni ishintsha ngokushesha kangakanani.
| Isizukulwane | Isikhathi | Izici Eziyinhloko | Umthelela |
| 1G | 1980s | I-Analog Voice | Ukuxhumana ngezwi okuyisisekelo |
| 2G | 1990s | Izwi ledijithali, i-SMS | Ikhwalithi yezwi ethuthukisiwe, umlayezo wombhalo |
| 3G | 2000s | I-inthanethi Yeselula, Amasevisi Edatha Athuthukisiwe | Ukufinyelela i-inthanethi, ukushaya kwevidiyo |
| 4G | 2010s - Okwamanje | I-inthanethi enesivinini esikhulu, i-LTE | Ukusakaza kwe-HD, ukulanda okusheshayo |
Imboni yezokuxhumana ilokhu ikhula ngenxa yemibono emisha kanye nalokho abasebenzisi abakufunayo. Isizukulwane esisha ngasinye sobuchwepheshe beselula senza ukuxhumana kube ngcono futhi kuthembeke kakhulu. Lokhu kubeka inkundla yenqubekelaphambili eyengeziwe esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuqonda i-4G ne-LTE
Amagama athi 4G kanye ne-LTE avame ukusetshenziswa ndawonye. Kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi zisho ukuthini ngempela. I-4G LTE isizukulwane sesine sobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yeselula ehlanganiswe ne-Long Term Evolution (LTE). Le miksi ikhulise kakhulu ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi, okwenza ukuphequlula kweselula nokusakaza-bukhoma kube bushelelezi kunangaphambili.
Ubuchwepheshe be-4G LTE buhlangabezana namazinga athile. Inikeza isivinini sokulanda esiphezulu esingafika ku-1 Gbps nesivinini sokulayisha esingafika ku-100 Mbps. Lezi zivinini zishintshile indlela esisebenzisa ngayo amadivaysi eselula. Manje, imisebenzi ebidinga ukuxhumana ngezintambo ingenziwa usohambweni.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-4G LTE kuphinde kwasiza ukunweba ukutholakala kwenethiwekhi ezindaweni ezikude. Izinkampani zenethiwekhi ezifana ne-Verizon, AT&T, ne-T-Mobile zisebenzise i-4G LTE ukuze zinikeze isevisi eqinile ezindaweni ezibanzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi banamakholi ambalwa awehlisiwe kanye nesivinini sedatha yeselula esheshayo.
Nakhu ukubheka okujwayelekile kokulanda nesivinini sokulayisha kumanethiwekhi eselula ahlukene kusetshenziswa i-4G LTE:
| Inkampani yenethiwekhi | Izivinini zokulanda ezijwayelekile | Izivinini Ezijwayelekile Zokulayisha |
| I-Verizon | 25-50 Mbps | 5-12 Mbps |
| I-AT&T | 20-45 Mbps | 4-10 Mbps |
| I-T-Mobile | 15-30 Mbps | 3-8 Mbps |
Ukuqonda izici ezibalulekile nezinzuzo ze-4G LTE kukhombisa ukubaluleka kwayo. Kuthuthukise kakhulu ukuxhumana nolwazi lomsebenzisi emhlabeni wonke.
Isingeniso ku-5G Technology
Ukufika kobuchwepheshe be-5G kuphawula isinyathelo esikhulu ekuxhumaneni okungenantambo. Isebenza kumafrikhwensi amaningi namabhendi e-spectrum. Lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi ifinyelele izivinini nokusebenza kahle okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambilini. Yenzelwe ukukhulisa umthamo wenethiwekhi, isinike ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokwethembeka, ngisho nasezindaweni eziminyene.
I-5G isebenzisa ububanzi befrikhwensi ephezulu ngendlela entsha kithi. Ngokungafani nobuchwepheshe obudala, isebenzisa kokubili amaza aphansi naphezulu, okuhlanganisa namaza amamilimitha. Lawa mabhendi e-spectrum aphezulu asho idatha esheshayo kanye nokulibaziseka okuncane. Lona ukhiye wezinto ezifana nezimoto ezizishayelayo kanye nokuvakasha kodokotela ku-inthanethi.
Okunye okuhlanganisayo okukhulu umthamo wenethiwekhi olethwa yi-5G. Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha be-antenna kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum ukuphatha amadivayisi amaningi. Lokhu kubalulekile njengoba amadivayisi amaningi e-IoT ajoyina amanethiwekhi ethu, adinga ukwethembeka nesivinini esingcono.
Ake sibheke ukuthi i-5G yehluke kanjani:
| Isici | 4G | 5G |
| Isilinganiso Sokudluliswa Kwedatha | Kufika ku-1 Gbps | Kufika ku-20 Gbps |
| Ukubambezeleka | 50 millisecond | 1 millisecond |
| Ama-Frequency Bands | 700 MHz ukuya ku-2.6 GHz | Ngaphansi kuka-6 GHz, amaza amamilimitha (24-86 GHz) |
| Amandla enethiwekhi | Amadivayisi angu-1,000 ngekhilomitha-skwele ngalinye | Amadivayisi angu-1,000,000 ngekhilomitha lesikwele ngalinye |
Ngamafuphi, i-5G ingaphezu nje kokuthuthuka kusuka ku-4G. Kungukugxuma okukhulu ekuxhumaneni okungenantambo. Ngokusebenzisa kwayo ngobuhlakani ububanzi befrikhwensi namabhendi e-spectrum, kanye nomthamo wenethiwekhi ongcono, i-5G isethelwe ukushintsha indlela esixhuma ngayo futhi sihlanganyele ngayo nomhlaba.
Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi kwe-4G, LTE, ne-5G
Ukufika kwe-5G kumake ukweqa okukhulu phambili kusuka ku-4G ne-LTE. Iletha isivinini sedatha esisheshayo, ukubambezeleka okuncane kwenethiwekhi, namazinga amasha angenantambo. Lezi zinguquko zivula amathuba amasha.
Umehluko owodwa oyinhloko usekusetshenzisweni kwe-spectrum. I-4G ne-LTE ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa amabhendi efrikhwensi aphansi. Kepha i-5G isebenzisa ububanzi obubanzi, kufaka phakathi amaza aphezulu. Lokhu kuholela esivinini sedatha esheshayo kanye nokubambezeleka okuncane. Kwenza futhi izimpawu zibe namandla futhi zithembeke kakhulu emadolobheni aminyene.
| Isici | 4G | I-LTE | 5G |
| Isivinini Sedatha | Kufika ku-100 Mbps | Kufika ku-300 Mbps | Kufika ku-10 Gbps |
| Ukubambezeleka Kwenethiwekhi | ~50ms | ~30ms | ~1ms |
| Amazinga Angenantambo | I-LTE Advanced | I-LTE Advanced Pro | Irediyo Entsha (NR) |
| I-Spectrum Allocation | Kufika ku-6 GHz | Kufika ku-6 GHz | Kufika ku-100 GHz |
| Amandla Esignali | Amandla Ajwayelekile | Amandla Athuthukisiwe | Kuthuthukiswe Kakhulu |
Izicelo Zomhlaba Wangempela Nezimo Zokusebenzisa
Njengoba siqhubekela phambili nge-network tech, i-4G, LTE, ne-5G ishintsha izimpilo zethu. Basiza ukwenza i-inthanethi yezinto isebenze kangcono. Futhi zisiza ukudala amadolobha ahlakaniphile emhlabeni jikelele.
I-inthanethi yezinto (IoT) isho ukuthi amadivayisi akhuluma wodwa ukuze enze ukuphila kube lula. Izinto ezifana namagajethi asekhaya ahlakaniphile nezinzwa zezimboni zidinga amanethiwekhi aqinile. I-4G, LTE, ne-5G ihlinzeka ngalokho.
Amadolobha ahlakaniphile aba ngokoqobo ngenxa yalawa manethiwekhi. Basebenzisa amadivayisi we-IoT ukuphatha izinsiza nokuthuthukisa izinsiza. Isibonelo, amasistimu ethrafikhi ahlakaniphile asebenzisa idatha ukuze ehlise ithrafikhi futhi enze imigwaqo iphephe.
Ezokuthutha nazo sezithuthukile nge-5G. Isiza izimoto ukuthi zikhulume zodwa kanye nezinhlelo zethrafikhi. Lokhu kwenza ukushayela kuphephe futhi kusebenze kahle.
Okungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona kanye nokungokoqobo okubonakalayo kuba ngcono nge-5G futhi. Badinga amanethiwekhi asheshayo nathembekile ukuze asebenze kahle. Izikole, izibhedlela, nokuzijabulisa kukusebenzisa ukuze kunikeze ukuzizwisa okungcono kakhulu.
| Ubuchwepheshe | Sebenzisa Amacala | Izinzuzo |
| 4G | Ukuhlanganiswa okuyisisekelo kwe-IoT, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuqala zedolobha elihlakaniphile | Ukuxhumana okuthembekile, kuyalinganiseka |
| I-LTE | Kuthuthukisiwe Amadivayisi we-IoT, isivinini sedatha esithuthukisiwe | Ukusebenza okungcono, ukufakwa okubanzi |
| 5G | Okuthuthukile izimoto ezizimele, ocwile ukungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubonafuthi okungokoqobo okungokoqobo | I-bandwidth ephezulu, i-ultra-low latency |
Ukuhambelana Kwedivayisi Nengqalasizinda
Umhlaba wobuchwepheshe beselula ushintsha ngokushesha. Manje kuwukhiye wokuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi namanethiwekhi asebenza kahle ndawonye. Ngobuchwepheshe obusha obufana ne-5G, amafoni namanethiwekhi adinga ukuhambisana.
Ukusethela amanethiwekhi obuchwepheshe obusha kudinga izinyathelo ezikhethekile. Amafoni amadala angase abe nzima nezindinganiso ezintsha. Ngisho ne-LTE ibimane nje iyisitebhisi ku-5G egcwele, edinga ubuchwepheshe bakamuva.
1.Ama-Smartphones adinga ama-radio chips athuthukisiwe nezimpondo ukuze asekele amaza e-5G.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kumele kubandakanye ukufakwa kweziteshi zamaseli ezincane eziningi ukuze kungeneke kakhulu.
3.Ukuthunyelwa kwenethiwekhi kuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa imibhoshongo ekhona ye-4G ukuze isingathe ithrafikhi ye-5G.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zidingo, ubuchwepheshe beselula buye benza intuthuko enkulu. Lokhu kuholele ekugxileni ekwakheni amanethiwekhi asebenza ngamadivayisi amadala namasha. Ngale ndlela, wonke umuntu angahlala exhumekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amafoni abo.
Futhi, ukusebenzisa i-AI ne-IoT kumanethiwekhi kuwenza ahlakaniphe. Lokhu kusiza ukuphatha izinsiza kangcono. Indlela enhle yokusebenzisana kwedivayisi namanethiwekhi okwakha iqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uthola ukuzizwisa okungcono. Futhi kusiza ubuchwepheshe beselula ukuthi buqhubeke bukhula.
Izinzuzo Nemikhawulo
I-4G, LTE, ne-5G zishintshe amanethiwekhi eselula kakhulu. Ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nezinkinga zayo. Kubalulekile ukuwabheka mayelana nomkhawulokudonsa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukwethembeka, nokuphepha.
Ukusebenza kahle komkhawulokudonsa kuyisihluthulelo sokuphatha ukuxhumana okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-4G ne-LTE ithuthuke kakhulu, kodwa i-5G ingcono nakakhulu. Inikeza idatha eshesha kakhulu nokuxhumana okungcono.
Kodwa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyinkinga enkulu. I-5G isebenzisa amandla amaningi kune-4G ne-LTE. Kudingeka sithole izindlela zokwenza i-5G isebenzise amandla amancane ukuze iqhubeke.
Ukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi nakho kubalulekile. I-4G ne-LTE zithembekile, kodwa i-5G izinze nakakhulu. Ilungele izinto ezifana nezimoto ezizishayelayo kanye ne-telemedicine.
Ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi kuwukukhathazeka okukhulu kubo bonke ubuchwepheshe beselula. I-4G ne-LTE zinokuvikeleka okuqinile, kodwa i-5G inezimiso ezingcono kakhulu zokubethela. Igcina idatha iphephile kubaduni nasekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe.
| Ipharamitha | 4G | I-LTE | 5G |
| I-Bandwidth Efficiency | Kuphakathi | Phezulu | Ukuphakama okuphezulu |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla | Kuphakathi | Phezulu | Phezulu kakhulu |
| Ukwethembeka Kwenethiwekhi | Phezulu | Phezulu kakhulu | Phezulu Kakhulu |
| Ukuphepha Kwenethiwekhi | Iqinile | Kakhudlwana | Kuqine kakhulu nge-Advanced Amaphrothokholi Wokubethela |
Amathemba Nentuthuko Yekusasa
Ikusasa lamanethiwekhi eselula liyajabulisa, kunentuthuko eminingi yezobuchwepheshe eseduze. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuhlose ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zedatha ezikhulayo nokusekela ubuchwepheshe obusha. Kusukela ezimotweni ezizishayelayo kuye emadolobheni ahlakaniphile, amathuba nge-5G nangaphezulu awapheli.
Kodwa, kunezinselele okufanele uzinqobe. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ikakhulukazi emhlabeni wonke, kuyinkimbinkimbi. Izinkinga ezifana nokwabiwa kwe-spectrum, ukusethwa kwedolobha, kanye nemithetho kumele zixazululwe. Lezi zinkinga zenza inqubo yokukhipha ibe nzima.
Imali nayo ibalulekile. Izindleko zokwakha kanye nokuvuselela amanethiwekhi ziphezulu. Kokubili ohulumeni nezinkampani badinga ukutshala imali ngobuhlakani. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu angakwazi ukufinyelela ubuchwepheshe bakamuva.
Ukugcina ukuqanjwa kuphila kubalulekile. Njengoba sihlola i-6G nokuningi, izinkampani zicindezela imikhawulo yalokho okungenzeka. Bahlose ukukhulisa isivinini, ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka, nokwenza amanethiwekhi athembeke kakhulu.
Kafushane, indlela eya kumanethiwekhi weselula angcono igcwele kokubili amathuba nezithiyo. Kudinga ukusebenzisana ukuze kubhekwane nokuthunyelwa, izindleko zokutshala izimali, nokuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi. Ndawonye, singakha ikusasa lapho wonke umuntu exhumeke khona.
Isiphetho
Ukusuka ku-4G kuye ku-LTE kuye ku-5G kuyisinyathelo esikhulu esiya phambili kubuchwepheshe beselula. Isinyathelo ngasinye senze izimpilo zethu zedijithali zaba ngcono, sathuthukisa indlela esisebenzisa ngayo ubuchwepheshe. Ukushintshela ku-5G kuyajabulisa ikakhulukazi, kusiletha isivinini esisheshayo nokuxhumana okungcono.
Kulabo abadinga okuthembekile amaphilisi ezimboni ngokwezifiso ngomsebenzi weselula, lezi zixhobo ezimangelengele zingalungela izinhlelo zokusebenza osendleleni. Isidingo sezixazululo ezisezingeni eliphezulu siphinde sibonakale emandleni athuthukayo we abakhiqizi bekhompyutha bezimboni, abahlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ethuthuke kakhulu eyenzelwe izimboni ezihlukahlukene.
Ngaphezu kwamaphilisi, i-PC yezimboni ephathekayo izinketho zenzelwe labo abadinga ukuguquguquka ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukusebenza. Ukuze uthole izixazululo ezihlangene, a iphaneli PC 12 intshi inikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esonga isikhala kodwa esinamandla esilungele izindawo zezimboni.
Ukubheka ngokuqondile I-PC yezimboni yaseChina ngezinhlelo ezingabizi kakhulu nezisezingeni eliphezulu, lezi zixazululo zibhekelela izidingo zebhizinisi ezahlukahlukene. Ukuze uthole izixazululo ezigxile kakhulu ekuhambeni, i notebook yezimboni ilungele labo abadinga ibhalansi yokuphatheka nokumangelengele.
Ukwengeza, ngemisebenzi efuna kakhulu, a ilaptop yezempi iyathengiswa inikeza ukuqina nokuqina okudingekayo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ithebulethi eqinile enembobo ye-ethernet izinketho nazo ziyatholakala, ziqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuthembekile ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima kakhulu.
I-Rackmount PC
I-Computing Eshumekiwe
I-Industrial Portable Computers
Amathebulethi Aqinile
I-laptop eqinile
I-Industrial Panel PC
Isandla Esimangelengele
I-Advantech Industrial PC
