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Liyini ikhadi lenethiwekhi yenethiwekhi futhi lenzani ikhadi lenethiwekhi?
Ikhadi lesixhumi esibonakalayo senethiwekhi (NIC) yaziwa nangokuthi i-adaptha yenethiwekhi noma i-adaptha ye-LAN. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yekhompyutha yakho eyivumela ukuthi ixhume kwamanye amadivayisi namanethiwekhi. Leli khadi lisiza ukuthumela idatha ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zenethiwekhi, njenge-Ethernet noma i-Wi-Fi.
Yonke i-NIC inekheli layo elikhethekile le-MAC. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuphatha inethiwekhi yakho. Ukwazi ukuthi i-NIC isebenza kanjani kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okungcono kwenethiwekhi nokuxhumana okuthembekile.
Okuqukethwe
- 1. Izinhlobo Zamakhadi Okuxhumana Kwenethiwekhi
- 2. Imisebenzi Esemqoka ye-NIC
- 3. Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zekhadi Lokusebenzelana Kwenethiwekhi
- 4. Isebenza kanjani i-NIC
- 5. Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Ikhadi Le-Network Interface
- 6. Ukufakwa kanye Nokucushwa kwe-NIC
- 7. Ungayikhetha kanjani i-NIC Elungile
- 8. Izingxenye Zokuphepha zama-NIC
- 9. Amathrendi Akusasa Amakhadi Esixhumi Esibonakalayo Senethiwekhi
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
·A ikhadi lenethiwekhi yenethiwekhiibalulekile ekuxhumeni amadivayisi kumanethiwekhi.
·Ama-NIC asebenza ngamaphrothokholi anezintambo nangenawaya.
·I-NIC ngayinye inekheli le-MAC elihlukile lokuhlonza.
·Ama-adaptha e-LAN anika amandla ukudluliswa kwedatha okuphumelelayo nokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi.
·Ukuqonda ama-NIC kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kukonke.
Izinhlobo Zamakhadi Okuxhumana Kwenethiwekhi
Amakhadi okusebenza kwenethiwekhi ayisihluthulelo sokuxhuma amadivayisi kumanethiwekhi. Ziza ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ezinezintambo nezingenantambo. Uhlobo ngalunye luhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukene ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni, ububanzi, nendawo yenethiwekhi.
Amakhadi Okuxhumana Kwenethiwekhi Enentambo
Amakhadi okuxhumana enethiwekhi anentambo, abuye aziwe njengamakhadi e-ethernet, asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Ethernet ekuxhumekeni. Zivamile kumakhompuyutha edeskithophu namaseva. Lawa makhadi aziwa ngejubane nokuthembeka kwawo.
Ama-NIC anezintambo ngokuvamile ayinketho lapho kudingeka uxhumano olusheshayo, olungaguquki. Balandela ezihlukahlukene Izindinganiso ze-NIC, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi basebenza kahle nge-hardware ehlukene.
Amakhadi Okuxhumana Kwenethiwekhi Angenantambo
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhadi okusebenza kwenethiwekhi engenantambo, noma ama-NIC angenawaya, axhuma amadivaysi kumanethiwekhi ngamagagasi omsakazo. Lokhu kuzenza zibe zinhle kumakhompyutha aphathekayo, amathebulethi, nama-smartphone. Banikeza ukuhamba okuningi nokuvumelana nezimo.
Ama-NIC angenantambo alandela ngokuqondile Izindinganiso ze-NICfuthi ziyahlukahluka ububanzi kanye nesivinini. Ukukhetha phakathi kwe- ikhadi le-ethernetkanye a i-NIC engenantambo kuncike ezidingweni zomsebenzisi kanye nemvelo yenethiwekhi.
Imisebenzi Esemqoka ye-NIC
| Umsebenzi | Incazelo |
| Ukuguqulwa Kwedatha | Iguqula idatha isuka kufomethi yedivayisi ukuze idlulise inethiwekhi. |
| Ukuphathwa Kwephakethe | Ihlela idatha ibe amaphakethe ukuze ithunyelwe futhi yamukelwe ngempumelelo. |
| Ukuthobela iProtocol | Uyalandela amaphrothokholi enethiwekhinjenge-TCP/IP yokuxhumana okujwayelekile. |
| Iphutha Ekuhloleni | Iqinisekisa ubuqotho bedatha ngesikhathi Ukudluliswa kwedatha ye-NIC ukugwema ukulahlekelwa. |
Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zekhadi Lokusebenzelana Kwenethiwekhi
Ikhadi lesixhumi esibonakalayo senethiwekhi (NIC) linezingxenye ezibalulekile ezimbalwa. Lezi Izingxenye ze-NICusisize siqonde futhi silungise izinkinga zenethiwekhi. Ziphinde zisize ukuthuthukisa indlela inethiwekhi esebenza kahle ngayo.
Okuyinhloko i-chip yesixhumi esibonakalayo senethiwekhikusenhliziyweni ye-NIC. Iphatha amaphakethe edatha futhi ikhulume nesistimu yokusebenza yekhompyutha. Le chip iwukhiye wokuthi inethiwekhi ishesha futhi isebenza kahle kangakanani.
I I-NIC Architectureihlanganisa ne-firmware. Le software iqinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe isebenza kahle. Iphatha ukuthunyelwa kwedatha nokulungiswa kwamaphutha.
Inkumbulo ibalulekile ekugcineni amaphakethe edatha kafushane. Lokhu kusiza ekucubunguleni nasekuthumeleni noma ekutholeni idatha. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile ye- isakhiwo sezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zenethiwekhi.
Yonke i-NIC inekheli le-MAC elihlukile. Leli kheli lisiza ukulikhomba kunethiwekhi. Kubalulekile ukuze idatha ifike endaweni efanele.
Izixhumi ezifana nezimbobo ze-Ethernet noma izinti ezingenantambo zixhuma i-NIC kunethiwekhi. Ukwazi ngalokhu kuxhumana kuyisihluthulelo sokuphatha inethiwekhi kahle.
Lenzani Ikhadi Lenethiwekhi?
I-Network Interface Cards (NICs) angukhiye ekuxhumaneni kwedatha ngamanethiwekhi. Baphatha ukucubungula idatha ye-NIC ukuze bathumele idatha kahle. Le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi, ihilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa.
Okokuqala, i-NIC isonga idatha engenayo kozimele. Lesi sinyathelo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-data encapsulation, sengeza ikheli le-MAC okuyiwa kulo kuhlaka ngalunye. Kubalulekile ukuthi idatha ifinyelele lapho iya khona efanele.
Ngemva kokwenza uzimele, i-NIC iphatha ikheli ledatha nokudlulisela phambili. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphakethe edatha athunyelwa ngendlela efanele. Konke kumayelana nokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi idatha ifika endaweni efanele.
Ama-NIC adlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi. Ukwazi ukuthi zisebenza kanjani kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwedatha.
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Ikhadi Le-Network Interface
Ukufakwa nokucushwa kwe-NIC
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokufaka i-NIC ukuyifaka ngokoqobo endaweni yokunweba yekhompyutha. Qiniseka ukuthi ikhompuyutha ivaliwe ukuze uvimbele umonakalo. Ngemva kokufaka ihadiwe, xhuma i-NIC kunethiwekhi ukuze uqale ukuxhumana.
Okulandelayo, lungiselela isixhumi esibonakalayo senethiwekhi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukufaka abashayeli ukuze isistimu yokusebenza ibone i-NIC. Ama-NIC amaningi eza nediski yokufaka noma izishayeli ezitholakala kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi. Landela imiyalelo ngokucophelela ukuze uqinisekise ukuhambisana.
Ngemva kokufaka abashayeli, setha izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunikeza amakheli e-IP namamaski e-subnet ku-NIC. Ungakwazi futhi ukunika amandla isabelo se-IP esiguqukayo nge-DHCP ukuze uphathe kalula. Hlola Umhlahlandlela wokusetha we-NICngemininingwane ethile yedivayisi yakho.
·Vala futhi ukhiphe ikhompyutha ngaphambi kokufaka.
·Faka i-NIC endaweni efanele yokunweba.
·Xhuma i-NIC kunethiwekhi usebenzisa intambo ye-Ethernet.
·Faka izishayeli ezidingekayo ze-NIC yakho.
·Lungiselela izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi, kuhlanganise namakheli e-IP.
Lo mhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo wenza ukumisa i-NIC kube lula futhi uqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuthembekile kwenethiwekhi. Ukucushwa okufanele kukhulisa ukusebenza nokuzinza kunethiwekhi yakho.
| Isinyathelo | Incazelo | Umphumela |
| 1 | Vala futhi ukhiphe ikhompyutha. | Ukuphepha kuqinisekisiwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa. |
| 2 | Faka i-NIC endaweni yokunweba. | Ukufakwa ngokomzimba kuqediwe. |
| 3 | Xhuma i-NIC kunethiwekhi. | Ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi kulungisiwe. |
| 4 | Faka abashayeli. | I-NIC ibonwa isistimu yokusebenza. |
| 5 | Lungiselela izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi. | Ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo kusungulwe. |
Ungayikhetha kanjani i-NIC Elungile?
Uma ukhetha i-NIC yesistimu yakho, kubalulekile ukubheka izici ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, hlola ukuthi ingabe i-NIC isebenza kahle ngehadiwe yakho yamanje. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ilingana nebhodi lakho lomama namanye amadivayisi ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Cabanga ngalokho okudingayo kunethiwekhi yakho. Uma usakaza amavidiyo noma udlala imidlalo, uzofuna i-NIC ekwazi ukuphatha idatha eningi. Bheka amamethrikhi okusebenza e-NIC njengokuthi ingathumela ngokushesha kangakanani idatha nokuthi iphendula ngokushesha kangakanani.
Futhi, cabangela izici ezengeziwe njengosekelo lwamazinga amasha okuxhumana nezici zokuphepha. Qiniseka ukuthi i-NIC isebenza kahle ngohlelo lwakho lokusebenza nokusethwa kwenethiwekhi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amarutha namaswishi. Kusemqoka ukuthi yonke into isebenze ngokushelela ndawonye.
| Isici | Ukubaluleka | Ukucatshangelwa |
| Ukuhambisana Kwenethiwekhi | Ibalulekile ekuhlanganiseni | Hlola usekelo lwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezikhona |
| Amandla Omkhawulokudonsa | Ithinta ngqo isivinini | Hlola izidingo ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni |
| Ukusekelwa Kwephrothokholi Okuthuthukisiwe | Ithuthukisa ukusebenza nokuvikeleka | Bheka izindinganiso zamanje |
| Ukuhambisana Kwesistimu Esebenzayo | Iqinisekisa ukusebenza okulungile | Qinisekisa ukutholakala komshayeli |
Ngokucabanga ngalawa maphuzu futhi ubheke ukuthi yini etholakalayo, ungakhetha i-NIC efanele yezidingo zakho.
Izici Zokuphepha zama-NIC
Amathrendi Azayo Amakhadi Esixhumi Esibonakalayo Senethiwekhi
Isiphetho
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