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Niki Gishingiye kuri ARM?
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Niki Gishingiye kuri ARM?

2024-08-13 16:29:49

I. Intangiriro kubatunganya ARM

Intungamubiri zishingiye kuri ARM byahindutse byihuse ibuye ryibanze rya mudasobwa igezweho - guha imbaraga ibintu byose uhereye kuri terefone na tableti kugeza kubikoresho bya IoT hamwe na data center. Byakozwe na ARM Holdings, ubwubatsi bwa ARM bushingiye kuri a RISC (Kugabanya Amabwiriza Yashyizweho Kubara) icyitegererezo, gishimangira gukora neza, gukoresha ingufu nke, na imikorere myiza kuri watt.

Bitandukanye na x86 gakondo ikoreshwa muri desktop na seriveri, ARM CPU byashizweho kugirango bitange imikorere yizewe muri yoroheje, igendanwa, hamwe nibidukikije. Igishushanyo cyabo cyo kuzigama ingufu zituma biba byiza kubikoresho bikoresha bateri, bisobanura ubwiganze bwabo mubikoresho bigendanwa kandi sisitemu yashyizwemo.

Impamvu zingenzi zituma izamuka ryamamare rya ARM ririmo:

  • Ubunini kuva microcontrollers yoroheje kugeza murwego rwohejuru rwa seriveri CPU

  • Kurera cyane murwego rwa elegitoroniki yumuguzi hamwe nu mbuga zinganda

  • Guhitamo, kwemerera ababikora gutera imbere Sisitemu kuri Chip (SoC) Ibishushanyo bihuye nimikoreshereze yihariye

Hamwe n'ibihangange byikoranabuhanga nka Apple, Qualcomm, NVIDIA, na Amazon gushora imari cyane ARC ishingiye kuri ARC, biragaragara ko inganda zigenda zigana muburyo bunoze bwubaka. Waba uri umuterimbere, injeniyeri, cyangwa umukunzi wikoranabuhanga, gusobanukirwa icyo gutunganya ARM ishingiye - nuburyo itandukana nubundi bwoko bwa CPU - ni ngombwa muburyo bwihuse bwihuse.


II. Ubwubatsi bwa ARM Niki?

Intangiriro ya buri ARM ishingiye kubeshya Ubwubatsi bwa ARM, a RISC (Kugabanya Amabwiriza Yashyizweho Kubara) igishushanyo kibanza ubworoherane, gukora neza, na gukoresha ingufu nke. Byakozwe na ARM Holdings, iyi myubakire iranga urutonde rwamabwiriza ashoboza gukora byihuse hamwe na transistor nkeya, bikavamo ntoya, ikonje, hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi zikoresha CPU.

Bitandukanye CISC (Amabwiriza agizwe na comptabilite) imyubakire nka x86, ikora amabwiriza atandukanye, ARM ikoresha inzira ntoya, kwibanda kubikorwa byingenzi gusa. Ibi bituma ARM iba nziza ibikoresho bikoreshwa na batiri, sisitemu yashyizwemo, hamwe na porogaramu aho imikorere yumuriro ningufu zikoreshwa ni ngombwa.

Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga ubwubatsi bwa ARM:

  • ⚙️ RISC ishingiye ku nyigisho

  • 🔋 Amashanyarazi make

  • 🧩 Ibishushanyo mbonera kandi binini

  • 🌐 Ubwuzuzanye bwagutse hamwe na Linux, Android, hamwe na Windows igenda yiyongera

ARM yububiko, nka ARMv7, ARMv8, na Gishya ARMv9, bazanye ibintu byateye imbere nka 64-bit, kunoza urwego rwumutekano (TrustZone), na yazamuye imikorere ya AI.

Mugihe computing ikeneye guhinduka, ubwubatsi bwa ARM bukomeje kwiyongera kurenza mobile-power ibicu seriveri, ibice bigenzura ibinyabiziga, hamwe na compte yo kubara. Iringaniza ryimikorere nuburyo bukora neza nkigihe kizaza-cyiteguye ubundi buryo bwububiko.


III. Ibyingenzi byingenzi biranga ARM-Bitunganya

Intungamubiri zishingiye kuri ARM ihagarare kuburinganire bwihariye bwa gukora neza, ubunini, na imikorere kuri watt. Ibiranga bishinze imizi muri RISC (Kugabanya Amabwiriza Yashyizweho Kubara) ubwubatsi, bushimangira amabwiriza yoroheje, ashoboza gukora byihuse no gushushanya imbaraga zo hasi. Ibi bituma ARM CPU bikwiranye cyane ibikoresho bigendanwa, IoT, sisitemu yashyizwemo, ndetse ndetse Seriveri.


1. Gukoresha ingufu nke

Kimwe mubintu bisobanura cyane biranga ARM itunganya ni ibyabo gukoresha ingufu. Mugabanye umubare wa tristoriste no kwibanda kumabwiriza yoroshye, make-power amabwiriza, chip ya ARM ikora hamwe nubushyuhe buke. Ibi byungura inyungu:

  • Amaterefone na tableti (igihe kirekire cya bateri)

  • Imyenda n'ibikoresho byashyizwemo (ibidukikije byangiza ubushyuhe)

  • Ibigo byamakuru (gukonjesha hasi hamwe nigiciro cyingufu)


2. Imikorere ihanitse kuri Watt

ARM CPUs ntishobora guhuza buri gihe imikorere mbisi na x86 chip murwego rwohejuru, ariko indashyikirwa mu mikorere kuri watt—Igipimo gikomeye muri mudasobwa igendanwa. Ibikoresho byinshi bya ARM iboneza, cyane cyane binini.Ubwubatsi buto, Emera kuringaniza imbaraga zumurimo hagati yimbaraga nyinshi ningufu zikoresha ingufu.


3. Igishushanyo mbonera kandi gisanzwe

Kuva Cortex-M microcontrollers Kuri Cortex-Porogaramu itunganya na gakondo ARM SoCs, urusobe rwibinyabuzima rwa ARM rushyigikira intera nini yo gukoresha imanza. Ubu buryo butuma abakora chip bubaka ibisubizo byihariye hamwe GPU, NPU, modem, na I / O abagenzuzi.


4. Porogaramu yagutse hamwe na OS

Sisitemu ishingiye kuri ARM ishyigikira urubuga runini harimo:

  • Android na iOS

  • Linux (Ubuntu, Debian, Yocto)

  • Windows kuri ARM


IV. ARM vs x86

Impaka hagati ARM vs x86 itunganya yerekana uburyo bubiri butandukanye muburyo bwa CPU. Intungamubiri za ARM, bishingiye RISC (Kugabanya Amabwiriza Yashyizweho Kubara), shyira imbere gukora neza, gukoresha ingufu nke, na ubunini bwa modular. Ibinyuranye, x86- ikoreshwa cyane muri desktop na seriveri - yubatswe kuri CISC (Amabwiriza agizwe na comptabilite), gutonesha imikorere idahwitse na guhuza umurage.


1. Itandukaniro ryubwubatsi

  • INGABO: Koresha a amabwiriza yoroshye, gukora neza mugukora imirimo hamwe ninzinguzingo nke.

  • x86: Akoresha a amabwiriza akomeye, gushoboza ibikorwa byinshi ariko akenshi bisaba imbaraga nubushyuhe bukabije.


2. Imbaraga nubushuhe bwiza

ARM CPU Byashizweho Kuri ibikoresho bikoreshwa na batiri na fanless yashyizwemo pc Sisitemu. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora neza nimbaraga nke butuma biba byiza kuri:

  • Amaterefone na tableti

  • Ibikoresho byambara nibikoresho bya IoT

  • Impapuro zo kubara

Ibinyuranye, x86 Mubisanzwe muri:

  • PC ya desktop hamwe nudukino two gukina

  • Seriveri ya seriveri hamwe nakazi

  • Porogaramu isaba gusubira inyuma software


4. Inzira yisoko

Hamwe no kuzamuka kwa ARC ishingiye kuri ARC (urugero, Apple M1 / ​​M2, Qualcomm Snapdragon, AWS Graviton), imirenge myinshi-cyane mobile, umwanzuro wa AI, na Kubara—Kuhindukira ugana Ubwubatsi bwa ARM. Hagati aho x86 guma wiganje mubidukikije bisaba umurage wa software, urwego rwohejuru rwinshi, cyangwa kuboneka.

Ubwubatsi bwombi bufite imbaraga zitandukanye, kandi guhitamo hagati yabyo biterwa nu ikoreshwa ryihariye, imikorere ikenewe, nimbaraga zimbaraga.


V. Ubwoko Bukuru bwa ARM Core

Intungamubiri za ARM zubatswe kurwego rwa Ubwoko bwibanze, buri cyashizweho kumurimo wihariye. Ibi Intwaro za ARM bishyizwe mu miryango -Cortex-A, Cortex-R, na Cortex-M—Kandi ni byiza Porogaramu-Urwego rwo gutunganya, kugenzura-igihe, na imirimo ya microcontroller. Ibi ubwubatsi bunini gukora Intungamubiri zishingiye kuri ARM bihindagurika cyane mu nganda n'ibikoresho bitandukanye.

Ubwoko bwibanze Koresha Urubanza Imikorere Gukoresha Imbaraga Urugero rwibikoresho
Cortex-A Porogaramu, igendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa Hejuru Guciriritse Amaterefone, ibinini
Cortex-R Sisitemu yo kugenzura igihe nyacyo Hagati Guciriritse Imodoka, HDD
Cortex-M Microcontrollers, IoT Hagati Hasi cyane Sensors, imyenda


VI. Koresha Imanza Zitunganya ARM

Intungamubiri zishingiye kuri ARM Biratandukanye cyane, bikoresha ibikoresho byinshi-kuva kuri sensor ntoya kugeza kuri seriveri-nini ya seriveri. Ibyamamare byabo bituruka kumvange idasanzwe ya gukoresha ingufu nke, imikorere yo hejuru-kuri watt, na a ubwubatsi bunini ishyigikira inganda zinyuranye hamwe no kubara ibikenewe.

1. Smartphone na Tableti

Intungamubiri za ARM nizo shingiro rya hafi ya zose ibikoresho bigendanwa bigezweho. Chips nka Qualcomm Snapdragon, Apple ya M1 na A-serie, na Ubunini bwa MediaTek koresha ibikoresho bya ARM kugirango utange:

  • Gutunganya porogaramu byihuse

  • Igihe kinini cya bateri

  • Ubushyuhe bwo gukora neza kubishushanyo mbonera


2. Sisitemu yashyizwemo nibikoresho bya IoT

Muri IoT n'umwanya washyizwemo, ARM Cortex-M na Cortex-R ingirakamaro yiganje kubera ibyabo:

  • Imikorere ya ultra-low power

  • Ikirenge cyoroshye

  • Gutunganya igihe 


3. Mudasobwa zigendanwa na desktop

Hamwe no kuza kwa Apple Silicon (M1 / M2) na Windows kuri ARM, ARM ishingiye kuri CPU irimo kuvugurura mudasobwa. Inyungu zirimo:

  • Igikorwa cyabafana

  • Igihe kirekire cya bateri

  • Gukoresha porogaramu kavukire hamwe na Rosetta-isa na kwigana


4. Sisitemu zo gutwara ibinyabiziga

Intwaro za ARM zashyizwemo ibice bigenzura ibinyabiziga, gushoboza:

  • ADAS (Sisitemu yo Gufasha Abashoferi Bambere)

  • Sisitemu yo gutanga amakuru

  • Ibikorwa byumutekano nyabyo


5. Impande na comptabilite

Ibigo nka Amazone (Urukurikirane rwa Graviton) barimo kohereza Seriveri ishingiye kuri ARM kongera ingufu zingirakamaro kuri:

  • Igicu-kavukire

  • Imiyoboro yo gutanga ibintu (CDN)

  • Imashini yiga imashini kumpera


VII. Sisitemu ya ARM ishingiye kuri Chip (SoC)

Imbaraga zingenzi za Intungamubiri zishingiye kuri ARM kubeshya muburyo bwabo bwo kwishyira hamwe Sisitemu kuri Chip (SoC) ibishushanyo. An INGABO ikomatanya CPU nibice bitandukanye byingenzi-nka GPU, NPU, umugenzuzi, modem, na I / O Imigaragarire—Ku a chip imwe ya silicon. Igishushanyo mbonera, imbaraga-zikoreshwa neza zemewe muri terefone zigendanwa, sisitemu yashyizwemo, na ibikoresho.

2. Ibyingenzi byingenzi byinjijwe muri ARM SoCs

  • CPU (ARM cores) - Umushinga wibanze

  • GPU (urugero, Mali, Adreno) - Igishushanyo cyerekana no kwihuta kwa videwo

  • NPU / DSP - Kwihutisha AI, amajwi, no gutunganya ibimenyetso

  • Modem (4G / 5G) - Kwiyubaka-kubikoresho bigendanwa

  • I / O Imigaragarire - USB, HDMI, SPI, UART, nibindi

  • Igice cyo gucunga ingufu - Gukoresha ingufu nziza


3. Ingero za ARM zishingiye kuri SoCs

Umuryango wa SoC Uruganda Porogaramu
Apple M1 / ​​M2 Apple Mudasobwa zigendanwa, desktop, tableti
Urubuga rwa Snapdragon Qualcomm Amaterefone, VR, imyenda
Exynos Samsung Amaterefone, TV zifite ubwenge
RK3568, RK3588 Urutare Ibinini byinganda, impande AI
Ubunini bwa MediaTek MediaTek Hagati ya mobile na-end-mobile

IX. Imipaka n'imbogamizi za ARM zishingiye kuri CPU

Mugihe Intungamubiri zishingiye kuri ARM tanga inyungu zikomeye-nka gukoresha ingufu, ubunini, na ikiguzi—Bazana kandi na benshi imbogamizi n'ibibazo ko abitezimbere hamwe na sisitemu ihuza bagomba gutekereza. Ibi bibazo birashobora kugira ingaruka kubibazo bimwe na bimwe byakoreshejwe, cyane cyane mubikorwa byo kubara cyane hamwe na software yumurage.

1. Guhuza software

Ikibazo gikomeye kuri ARM CPUs, cyane cyane muri desktop no mubucuruzi, ni guhuza software:

  • Benshi i Umurage Porogaramu Byakusanyijwe Kuri x86 imyubakire, biganisha kubibazo byimikorere cyangwa kutabangikanya byuzuye kuri sisitemu ya ARM.

  • Kwigana ibyiciro (nka Rosetta 2 kuri Apple M1 cyangwa Windows ARM64 emulator) ifasha guca icyuho ariko akenshi itangiza imikorere hejuru.

  • Kuboneka kuboneka porogaramu yo mu rwego rwo hejuru gutezimbere kuri ARM, cyane cyane mubuhanga bwo guhanga, imari, cyangwa kwigana software.


2. Imikorere idahwitse vs x86

Mugihe ARM CPUs nziza cyane imikorere-kuri watt, ntibishobora guhura x86 muri:

  • Imikorere myinshi Kuri Seriveri-Urwego Imirimo

  • Kubara inshuro nyinshi imirimo nka Kwerekana 3D, gutunganya amashusho, cyangwa kwigana siyanse

  • Virtualisation hamwe nibikorwa bya OS bya kernel, aho x86 imaze gukura ibikoresho


3. Gutandukana hirya no hino kubacuruzi ba SoC

INGABO icyitegererezo Gushoboza chip gushushanya, ariko ibi akenshi biganisha kuri:

  • Gucamo ibice, gukora software itezimbere hamwe no guhuza ibizamini bigoye

  • Guhinduka muri ibiranga umutekano, kwagura amabwiriza, na inkunga ya peripheri



X. Kazoza k'Ubwubatsi bwa ARM

Uwiteka ahazaza h'ubwubatsi bwa ARM yiteguye kwihuta byihuse, nkuko ARM ishingiye kubitunganya byiyongera kubikoresho gakondo bigendanwa kandi Kubara, Kwihuta kwa AI, sisitemu yimodoka, na ibikorwa remezo. Hamwe n'inganda ziyongera, ARM CPU ntabwo arubundi buryo - bahinduka inkingi nkuru ya mudasobwa igezweho.


1. INGABO muri Data Centre na comptabilite

Abatanga ibicu binini nka Serivisi za Amazone (AWS) bamaze kwakira ARM hamwe na Umurongo wa Graviton, ituro:

  • TCO yo hepfo (igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite)

  • Kunoza imikorere-kuri watt

  • Ubunini buke kubintu byabitswe, igicu-kavukire cyakazi

Iyi nzira iteganijwe kwihuta nkuko ibigo bishakisha ingufu-zikoresha seriveri ibisubizo bigabanya ibiciro byo gukora.


2. Koresha ARM Silicon

Ibihangange bya tekinike birashushanya gakondo ya ARM ishingiye kuri SoCs, Gutezimbere intego zihariye zikorwa:

  • Imashini ya M-seri ya Apple (M1, M2, M3) muri Mac na iPad

  • Google ya Tensor chip kubikoresho bya Pixel

  • Microsoft SQ itunganya kubikoresho bya Surface

Ibi kwishyira hamwe yemerera gukomera ibikoresho bya software, bivamo imikorere myiza, ubuzima bwa bateri, numutekano.


3. Kwaguka muri AI na Mudasobwa

Igishushanyo mbonera cya ARM gikubiyemo ibyongerewe muri gutunganya imitsi na imashini yiga imashini. Ubwubatsi bukora neza na modularité ituma biba byiza kuri:

  • AI impande zombi

  • Kamera nziza

  • Inganda IoT amarembo


4. OS yagutse hamwe niterambere ryibinyabuzima

Hamwe n'inkunga izamuka ya Windows kuri ARM, Ikwirakwizwa rya ARM rihuza Linux, hamwe no kunoza ibikoresho byabateza imbere (urugero, LLVM, GCC, TensorFlow Lite), ARM irashoboka cyane kuruta mbere hose.


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Ingufu zikoreshwa: Gukoresha ingufu nke hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukora



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