Iot Vs. Iiot mu nganda 4.0: Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi, imanza z'imikoreshereze n'ibizaza mu mpinduka mu ikoranabuhanga

• Iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha interineti ryatumye habaho imiterere ibiri ikomeye y’ibinyabuzima: interineti y’ibintu (IoT) na interineti y’inganda y’ibintu (IIoT). Nubwo byombi bisangiye ishingiro ry’ibikoresho bikoresha interineti, guhanahana amakuru mu buryo bwihuse, no gukora ikoranabuhanga, ikoreshwa ryabyo n’ingaruka zabyo biratandukanye cyane - cyane cyane mu rwego rw’inganda 4.0.
• Muri rusange, IoT yerekeza ku bikoresho bigamije abaguzi nk'amazu agezweho, ibikoresho byambarwa, n'imodoka zihujwe, hibandwa ku koroshya ibintu, kunoza imibereho, n'amakuru y'abakoresha. Mu buryo bunyuranye, IIoT yagenewe ibidukikije by'inganda - inganda, inganda z'amashanyarazi, ibigo by'ibikoresho - aho ubwizigenge bwa sisitemu, igihe cyo gukora, no kubungabunga ibintu mbere y'igihe ari ingenzi cyane.
• Inganda 4.0, ikunze kwitwa Impinduka ya Kane y'Inganda, ihuza IIoT na sisitemu za cyber-physical, imashini yiga, ikoranabuhanga ryo mu bicu, n'isesengura ry'amakuru manini kugira ngo ifashe inganda zikoresha ubuhanga n'urusobe rw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
• Ishingiro rya Industry 4.0 ni isano ry’igihe nyacyo hagati y’umutungo ufatika n’imbuga za interineti, bihindura uburyo amasosiyete akurikirana, atunganya, kandi agakoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwikora.
• Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro rito riri hagati ya IoT na IIoT n'uruhare rwabyo mu rwego rw'inganda ni ingenzi ku bigo bishaka ingamba zo guhindura ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kizaza.

Interineti y'Indashyikirwa y'Ibintu (IIoT) ni ishami ryihariye rya IoT rikoresha uburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga bwo guhuza ibintu n'inganda. Rihuza imashini zigezweho, isesengura rigezweho, n'igenzura ryihuse kugira ngo rirusheho kunoza imikorere, umusaruro, n'umutekano mu nzego zitandukanye nko mu nganda, ingufu, ubwikorezi, n'ibigo by'ikoranabuhanga.

Bitandukanye na IoT rusange, sisitemu za IIoT zagenewe imirimo ikurikira:

• Ibisabwa ku buryo bworoshye kandi buhagije kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kuboneka
• Ahantu habi (ubushyuhe, gutigita, ivumbi)
• Urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru ajyanye n'ubucuruzi
• Porogaramu zo mu rwego rw'inganda (urugero: OPC-UA, Modbus, PROFINET)

Ingero zisanzwe zo gukoresha IIoT zirimo:

• Gutegura ibikorwa byo kubungabunga inganda
• Gukurikirana ibikorwa by'inganda zikora ibicuruzwa biri kure
• Gukoresha neza ingufu
• Gukurikirana uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa mu gihe nyacyo
• Ikoranabuhanga ryikora binyuze muri sisitemu ya SCADA na PLC

Imiterere ya IIoT isanzwe ikubiyemo:

Binyuze mu gutuma habaho gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru, IIoT ikora urufatiro rw'inganda zikoresha ubuhanga kandi ikaba ingenzi mu bijyanye n'Inganda 4.0. Ibigo bifata IIoT bigira ubumenyi bwimbitse ku mikorere, bigabanya igihe cyo gukora, kandi bigashyiraho uburyo bwo gukora bunoze kandi bugezweho.

Nubwo IoT na IIoT bisangiye ishingiro rimwe - ibikoresho bihujwe, imiyoboro ya sensor, no guhanahana amakuru mu buryo nyabwo - bitandukanye cyane mu bijyanye n'intego z'igishushanyo, uburyo bwizewe, n'uburyo ikoreshwa. Gusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro ni ingenzi ku bigo bishaka ibikorwa remezo by'ikoranabuhanga bikwiye mu bisubizo bishingiye ku baguzi cyangwa mu guhindura inganda.

1. Ibidukikije n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya

• IoT:Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mu ngo, mu biro cyangwa mu bikorwa remezo by'umujyi
• IIoT: Ikoreshwa mu nganda, inganda zitanga amashanyarazi, n'inganda aho usanga hari imiterere ikabije (umukungugu, gutigita, ubushyuhe).

2. Ibisabwa ku makuru

• Amakuru ya IoT akenshi ntabwo ari ingenzi cyane (urugero, ubushyuhe bw'icyumba, amakuru y'ubuzima).
• Amakuru ya IIoT ni ingenzi cyane mu bucuruzi, asaba ko habaho ukuri mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo hagenzurwe umusaruro, habeho uburyo bw'umutekano, kandi habeho ubwizigirwa bw'inganda.

3. Kwizerwa no kuboneka

• IoT yihanganira igihe gito cyo kudakora
• IIoT nta gihe cyo gukora gisaba, hamwe na sisitemu zidafite akamaro na protocole zo gucika intege.

4. Umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga

Umutekano wa IoT wibanda ku kurinda amakuru bwite.

Umutekano wa IIoT ugomba kwita kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Gutandukanya urusobe rw'inganda
• Umutekano ku rwego rwa protocole
• Amavugurura ya firmware yizewe
• Sisitemu zo gutahura abinjira

5. Amabwiriza agenga itumanaho

6. Ikoreshwa ry'urusobe rw'inyuguti

• IoT yibanda ku gukoresha, yibanda ku koroshya no koroshya ikoreshwa.
• IIoT ishingiye kuri sisitemu, ituma habaho imikorere yikora, gusesengura ibintu mbere y'igihe, no kunoza imikorere y'inganda.

Mu by’ukuri, IIoT yagenewe imikorere ikomeye kandi ikora neza, mu gihe IoT yongera uburyo bworoshye bwo gukorera mu ngo no mu bucuruzi. Guhitamo hagati yazo biterwa n’imiterere y’intego ya porogaramu yawe, ibisabwa mu buziranenge bw’amakuru, n’urwego rwo kuyikoresha mu buryo bwagutse bw’inganda 4.0.

Interineti y'Indashyikirwa mu by'Ibintu (IIoT) ni inkingi y'ingenzi ya Inganda 4.0 kandi ituma habaho igihe gishya cy'inganda zikora ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge binyuze mu guhuza sisitemu za cyber-physical, cloud computing, isesengura ry'amakuru mu gihe nyacyo, no kwiga imashini. Binyuze mu gushyiramo itumanaho mu mashini zikora, IIoT ihindura ibidukikije bitunganya ibintu mu buryo butaziguye mo inganda zikora ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge zishobora kwigenzura, kwiyubaka, ndetse no kwikosora.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ku nganda 4.0 kugeza kuri IIoT

• Edge computing yo gutunganya amakuru yo mu gace hamwe n'igihe gito cyo gutinda
• Uburyo bwo kubika no gusesengura amakuru mu bicu
• Ibikoresho bikorana kugira ngo bigenzure kandi bigenzure mu buryo bwihuse
• Impanga z'ikoranabuhanga zikora sisteme zikora sisteme zikoreshwa mu kwigana no kunoza
• Ubwenge bw'ubukorano bwo kumenya imiterere no kwihutisha ibyemezo.

Ingero z'ikoreshwa mu nganda 4.0

• Imirongo y'ubwubatsi ikora neza ihuza n'impinduka mu musaruro
• Imiyoboro y'ibicuruzwa ihujwe kandi igaragara kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera
• Roboti zigenga zikoresha amakuru ajyanye n'ibipimo by'imashini zipima
• Gucunga umutungo kure mu bigo byinshi

Binyuze mu gutuma habaho imikoranire mu buryo bwihuse hagati y’imashini, sisitemu, na porogaramu, IIoT ikuraho silos kandi igatuma abakora ibikoresho baba abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga, bakoresha amakuru, kandi bakora neza. Binafasha mu guhuza ibikorwa byinshi, bigafasha inganda gusubiza vuba ku byifuzo by’isoko bihinduka ariko zigakomeza gukora neza.

Mu rwego rwagutse rw'impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga, IIoT ntikora gusa nk'ivugurura ikoranabuhanga, ahubwo ni nk'ishingiro ry'ingamba ku ruganda rw'ubwenge rw'ejo hazaza.

Gushyira mu bikorwa interineti y’inganda (IIoT) bishobora kongera agaciro ku bigo biharanira gukora neza kandi neza. Ariko, iyi bushobozi ihindura ibintu inazana imbogamizi zikomeye zigomba kwitabwaho neza mu gihe cyo gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa.

Gutunganya mbere y'igihe

• Isuzuma ibitagenda neza mbere yuko igikoresho kinanirwa gukora.
• Bigabanya igihe cyo kuruhuka kitateganijwe
• Yongera igihe cyo kubaho cy'imashini

imikorere myiza

• Gusobanukirwa mu gihe nyacyo binoza umusaruro
• Bigabanya uburyo bwo gukora ibintu hakoreshejwe intoki n'amakosa y'abantu

Kugabanya ikiguzi

• Bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga no gukoresha ingufu
• Ikora mu buryo bwikora ikusanya ry'amakuru n'itanga raporo

Kurushaho kunoza umutekano no kubahiriza amategeko

• Igenzura imimerere iteje akaga
• Ishyigikira imenyesha ry'igihe nyacyo n'igenzura ry'amateka

Gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru

• Gukoresha Big Data Analytics na AI mu gusesengura ingamba
• Bituma habaho igisubizo cyihuse ku mpinduka z'isoko cyangwa imikorere

Imbogamizi zisanzwe mu gushyira mu bikorwa IIoT

Kugira ngo amasosiyete abone inyungu za IIoT, agomba gushyiraho gahunda y’ingamba zirimo: gucunga ingaruka, gucunga impinduka, no guhuza ikoranabuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga. Inyungu y’igihe kirekire iterwa n’ubushobozi bwo guhuza IIoT mu bikorwa remezo bisanzweho mu gihe hagumaho amahame yo hejuru agenga umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga, ubwizerwe bwa sisitemu, no gucunga amakuru.

Hamwe n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryatekerejweho neza, IIoT iba igikoresho gikomeye cyo guhindura ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rw'Inganda 4.0.

Dufashe ko IoT cyangwa IIoT atari igisubizo kimwe gikwiranye na byose, ingamba nziza zo guhindura ikoranabuhanga zitangirira ku guhuza ikoranabuhanga n'intego zihariye z'ikigo cyawe, kwitegura ibikorwa remezo, n'ibisabwa mu mikorere. Waba urimo gushyira mu bikorwa ibisubizo bya IoT ku bakoresha cyangwa IIoT mu nganda, gusobanuka neza mu igenamigambi ni ingenzi cyane.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho mu guteza imbere ingamba

Intego z'ubucuruzi

• Garagaza aho ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki rigabanya ikiguzi, rikongera umutekano, cyangwa rikongera umusaruro.
• Huza ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho n'ibipimo bya KPI nko gukoresha igihe ntarengwa, gukoresha neza ingufu, cyangwa gukoresha ibimera.

Isuzumabikorwa remezo

• Suzuma uburyo bwa IT na OT busanzweho kugira ngo umenye niba buteguye guhuza.
• Tekereza ku mikorere y'itumanaho, uburyo amakuru akoreshwa, n'amahame y'umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga.

Gukwirakwira no kwiyongera kw'ibihe bizaza

• Hitamo urubuga rushobora gushyigikira izindi sensors, edge nodes, cyangwa porogaramu zo mu bicu.
• Menya neza ko sisitemu zishobora gukorana neza kandi zishobora guhuza n'amahame agenga inganda ahora ahinduka.

Guhitamo abatanga serivisi n'urubuga

Urashaka urubuga rwa IIoT rwagaragaye cyangwa ibisubizo bya IoT bitanga ibi bikurikira:

• Iyubahirizwa ry'umutekano
• API zishobora guhindurwa
• Inkunga ikomeye y'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima

Guteza imbere ingamba zikwiye bisaba guhuza imikorere, imishinga y'igerageza itekerejweho neza, n'icyitegererezo cy'imiyoborere gisobanutse neza. Ibigo bifata ingamba zipimye bishobora gutsinda mu gihe cy'Inganda 4.0.

Agaciro ka IoT na IIoT kagaragara cyane binyuze mu gushyira mu bikorwa mu buryo bufatika. Mu nganda, amasosiyete arimo gukoresha ubu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo anoze imikorere, agabanye ikiguzi, kandi anonosore gufata ibyemezo. Hasi hari ingero zimwe na zimwe zigaragara zigaragaza ingaruka zifatika za IoT na IIoT mu bijyanye n'inganda 4.0.

1. Ubuhanga mu gukora imodoka – Inganda zikora imodoka

Uruganda rukora imodoka ku isi rwashyizeho uburyo bwo kubungabunga imodoka bukoresha uburyo bwa IIoT mu nganda zarwo zose ziteranya ibikoresho. Binyuze mu gushyira hamwe uburyo bwo gupima no gusesengura imigendere y'imodoka, ikigo cyagabanyije igihe cyo kudakora kw'imashini ku kigero cya 30% kandi cyongera igihe cyo kubaho kw'ibikoresho, bigabanya amafaranga menshi yo kubungabunga buri mwaka.

2. Urwego rw'ingufu – Guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw'umuyaga

Umutanga serivisi z'ingufu yakoresheje sensors za IoT na analytics zo mu bicu kugira ngo akurikirane imikorere y'ama turbine amagana y'umuyaga. Amakuru agezweho yatumye habaho kuringaniza imizigo no kumenya amakosa, ibyo bikaba byaranogeye gutanga ingufu no kugabanya ibyago byo gukora.

3. Ibikoresho - Gukurikirana uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa mu gihe cy'ubukonje

Isosiyete ishinzwe gutwara ibintu yashyizeho uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe buhujwe hamwe n’uburyo bwo gukurikirana GPS kugira ngo harebwe ko amategeko agenga uruhererekane rw’ubukonje akurikizwa. Uburyo bwa IoT bwatumye ibicuruzwa bishobora kwangirika biguma mu bushyuhe busabwa, bigabanya kwangirika ku kigero kirenga 40%.

4. Ubuvuzi – Gukurikirana imitungo

• Ibitaro birimo gukoresha sisitemu zo gukurikirana zishingiye kuri IoT kugira ngo bibone ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gihe nyacyo. Binyuze mu guhuza RFID na Wi-Fi triangulation, imikorere y'abakozi yariyongereye kandi umubare w'ibihombo by'imitungo waragabanutse cyane.
• Izi ngero zigaragaza uburyo ikoranabuhanga rya IoT na IIoT ririmo guhindura inganda gakondo. Binyuze mu ntego zisobanutse neza na sisitemu zishobora kwaguka, ibigo bishobora kugera ku nyungu zifatika no kubyara imbaraga zo guhindura ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwagutse.

• Imipaka iri hagati ya IoT na IIoT iragenda irushaho kugorana uko imiryango ishyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo guhindura ikoranabuhanga zikubiyemo urwego rw'abaguzi n'inganda. Nubwo IoT izana imikoranire n'ubwenge mu buzima bwa buri munsi, IIoT ishyira imbaraga mu nganda 4.0, igatuma inganda zikoresha ubuhanga, kubungabunga amakuru mbere y'igihe, no gusesengura ibintu mu buryo bwihuse ku rwego rw'inganda.
• Guhuza izi koranabuhanga birema urwego rumwe aho amakuru, ibikoresho, n'ibyemezo bihuzwa neza. Uku guhuza gutuma amasosiyete ashobora kurenga imikoreshereze yihariye no kubaka ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ritanga agaciro gashoboka k'ubucuruzi.
• Kugira ngo amasosiyete agire icyo ageraho muri iki gihe cy’Inganda 4.0, agomba kugerageza guhuza uru rwego neza. Intsinzi iri mu guhitamo ikoranabuhanga rikwiye, kurihuza neza, no guhuza imbaraga z’ikoranabuhanga n’intego z’igihe kirekire. Ahazaza si IoT cyangwa IIoT - ni uruvange rw’ubwenge rwa byombi, ruhindura isi y’inganda irangwa n’ubwenge kandi ikora neza.

Ni uruhe ruhare SINSMART igira muri IIoT na Industry 4.0 ecosystem?

SINSMART igira uruhare runini mu kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Inganda 4.0 binyuze mu gutanga uburyo bwuzuye bw'ibisubizo bikomeye bya mudasobwa bigamije gushyigikira ibidukikije bigoye, bifitanye isano, kandi bikoresha amakuru menshi. Uko inganda zihindura imikorere yazo mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki kandi zigashyira ibikorwa remezo bya IIoT, SINSMART igenzura ko ishingiro ry'ibikoresho riramba, rishobora koroha, kandi rifite ubwenge buhagije bwo gushyigikira igenzura n'isesengura ry'igihe nyacyo mu bidukikije bikomeye.

Imirongo y'ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi ishyigikira impinduka za IIoT

Kompyuta zo mu nganda za Rackmount

• Yagenewe ibyumba bya seriveri n'ibigo bigenzura, SINSMART's mudasobwa zo gushyiramo rack itanga mudasobwa ifite imikorere myiza kandi yizewe mu nganda, ikaba ari nziza kuri sisitemu za SCADA, gutunganya amashusho mu nganda, no gucunga umuyoboro w’inganda.
• Mudasobwa za SINSMART, zikozwe mu nganda, zireshya neza kandi zikomeye, zegereza uburyo bwo gutunganya amakuru hafi y’aho amakuru aturuka. Zituma habaho isesengura ry’igihe nyacyo, kugenzura igihe gito, na AI, ingenzi cyane mu gushyiraho uruganda rugezweho rukoresha ikoranabuhanga.
• Ibikoresho binini na mudasobwa zigendanwa. ibinini bikomeye
  , yagenewe abatekinisiye ba serivisi zo mu murima n'abakoresha imiyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa, yihanganira kugwa kw'amazi, ivumbi, amazi n'ubushyuhe bukabije mu gihe ishyigikira gukusanya amakuru, gusuzuma kure no gukurikirana imitungo mu nganda.

Ibikoresho bitwara imizigo bikomeye

• Mudasobwa zigendanwa zikomeye mu buryo bukomeye, bwiza cyane mu gupimisha aho bakorera, gukusanya amakuru, no kuyakoresha mu kibuga aho mudasobwa zisanzwe zidakora neza.

Mudasobwa zishyirwa ku modoka

• byagenewe by'umwihariko gucunga ubwikorezi bw'amato, ubwikorezi, no gutwara abantu mu buryo bwikora. SINSMART'smudasobwa z'imodoka, nka ibinini by'imodoka na mudasobwa z'imodoka, bihuza GPS, CAN bisi, na wireless connectivity kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo bwihuse.

Kuva ku nganda kugeza ku bakozi bagendana n'imodoka z'inganda, SINSMART, ikigo gikomeye mu gukora mudasobwa z'inganda mu Bushinwa, gitanga ishingiro rikomeye rya mudasobwa rituma habaho ibisubizo bikomeye, byihuse kandi bikwirakwizwa bya IIoT bitanga imbaraga ku bakinnyi b'inganda bashya.