Iyini i-RS 422? Ukuqonda Izinga Lokuxhumana Kwe-Serial
Izinga le-RS-422, elaziwa nangokuthi i-TIA/EIA-422, liyingxenye ebalulekile yokuxhumana kwe-serial. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yezimboni kanye ne-automation. Isebenzisa isignali ehlukile kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sedijithali esinogesi olinganiselayo ukuze kudluliswe idatha okuthembekile.
Leli zinga lenziwe yi-Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA). Idumile ngoba ilungele ukuthumela idatha ngamabanga amade.
Izinga le-RS-422 linezici ezibalulekile. Ukubonakaliswa kwayo okuhlukile kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sedijithali se-voltage elinganiselayo kuyenza ifanelekele ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo nokuthembekile. Kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni kwe-serial, lapho ukuthumela idatha kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ezimbonini nasezishintshayo, i-RS-422 isiza amadivayisi ukukhuluma wodwa. Ilungele ukudluliswa kwedatha ebangeni elide. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekuxhumaneni kwe-serial, lapho ukudluliswa kwedatha kuwukhiye.
Okuqukethwe
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
Izinga le-RS-422 liyindinganiso yokuxhumana ye-serial esebenzisa ukusayinda okuhlukile kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sedijithali esinogesi.
Izinga lisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zezimboni nezokuzenzakalela ngenxa yekhono lalo lokusekela ukudluliswa kwedatha ebangeni elide.
Izinga le-RS-422 lilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukudluliswa kwedatha okunesivinini esikhulu futhi okuthembekile.
Izinga livame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ezilandelanayo, lapho ukudluliswa kwedatha kubalulekile.
Izinga le-RS-422 laziwa nangokuthi yi-TIA/EIA-422.
Izinga lisekela ukudluliswa kwedatha phakathi kwamadivaysi ezimbonini nasezisetshenziswa ezishintshayo.
Imininingwane Yobuchwepheshe ye-RS-422
I-RS-422 iyiphrothokholi ethandwayo yokuxhumana kwe-serial. Kwaziwa ngokwethembeka nokusebenza kahle. Isebenzisa ukusayina okuhlukile, okulwa nomsindo kahle. Le ndlela ithumela idatha phezu kwamakhebuli amabili asontekile, afinyelela kumamitha angu-1,200 noma amafidi angu-3,900.
I-RS-422 isebenza ngakho kokubili i-point-to-point topology kanye nokusethwa kwamabhasi e-multidrop unidirectional. Ephuzwini-kuya-phuzu, umshayeli oyedwa ukhuluma nomamukeli oyedwa. Ebhasini le-multidrop, umshayeli oyedwa ukhuluma nabamukeli abaningi. Amadivayisi afinyelela kwangu-32 angaxhuma ebhasini le-multidrop, enomshayeli oyedwa nabamukeli abangu-31.
Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa izicaciso ezibalulekile ze-RS-422:
| Ipharamitha | Inani |
| Ibanga eliphezulu | 1,200 amamitha(3,900 izinyawo) |
| Ubukhulu Amadivayisi | 32 (1umshayeli, abemukeli abangama-31) |
| Uhlobo Lwekhebula | Izintambo ezimbili ezisontekile |
| I-Topology | Iphuzu-kuya-iphuzu, ibhasi le-multidrop unidirectional |
Ukwazi le mininingwane kubalulekile ekusetheni amasistimu e-RS-422. Kuyasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ihamba ngendlela enokwethenjelwa nangempumelelo kumabanga amade.
I-Topology Yenethiwekhi kanye Nokucushwa Kwedivayisi
I-Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) yethula i-RS-422 ngo-1975. Yathatha indawo ye-RS-232C, inikeza isivinini esingcono, ukungavikeleki komsindo, nobude bekhebula ende. Leli zinga lisekela ukuxhumana okuphelele kwe-duplex, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwedatha kanye nokwamukela ngesikhathi esisodwa.
I-topology yenethiwekhi ye-RS-422 ngokuvamile iqukethe idivayisi eyodwa eyinhloko kanye nezisetshenziswa zezigqila eziningi. Axhunywe kusetshenziswa izinhlobo zokuxhuma ezahlukahlukene, njenge-DB-25 ne-DC-37.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-RS-422 yikhono layo lokusekela ubude bekhebula ende. Lokhu kuyenza ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni lapho amadivayisi avame ukuhlukaniswa amabanga amakhulu. Ukungavikeleki komsindo kwaleli zinga futhi kuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha okuthembekile, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu okuphazanyiswa yi-electromagnetic.
Ukucushwa Kwedivayisi
Ukucushwa kwedivayisi kubalulekile kumanethiwekhi e-RS-422. Inquma ukuhamba kwedatha phakathi kwamadivayisi. Idivayisi eyinhloko ilawula inqubo yokuxhumana, ukuthumela imiyalo kumadivayisi wesigqila nokwamukela idatha ekuphenduleni.
Ukusetshenziswa kokuxhumana okuphelele kwe-duplex kwenza ukudluliswa kwedatha kanye nokwamukela ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kwandisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwenethiwekhi.
I-Network Topology
I-topology yenethiwekhi ye-RS-422 ingacushwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza oluthile. Amanye ama-topology ajwayelekile afaka i-point-to-point, i-point-to-multipoint, ne-multipoint.
Ukukhethwa kwe-topology kuncike enanini lamadivayisi, ibanga eliphakathi kwawo, kanye nesivinini sokudlulisa idatha esidingekayo. Ngokuqonda i-topology yenethiwekhi nokucushwa kwedivayisi, abasebenzisi bangathuthukisa amanethiwekhi abo e-RS-422 ukuze badlulise idatha ethembekile futhi ephumelelayo.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-RS-232 ne-RS-422
I-RS-232 ne-RS-422 ihluke kakhulu endleleni ezithumela ngayo izimpawu. I-RS-232 isebenzisa ukusayinda okukodwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-RS-422 isebenzisa ukusayina okuhlukile. Lolu shintsho luthinta amanani edatha, ikhwalithi yesiginali, nokuthi isignali ingahamba ibanga elingakanani.
I-RS-232C, isandiso se-RS-232, nayo isebenzisa ukusayinda okukodwa. Lokhu kunciphisa amanani ayo edatha kanye nekhwalithi yesignali uma kuqhathaniswa ne-RS-422. Ukusayinda okuhlukile kwe-RS-422, nokho, kusekela amanani edatha aphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yesignali engcono kumabanga amade.
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezici Zesiginali
Nawu umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-RS-232 ne-RS-422:
I-RS-232: isiginali ye-single-end, amanani edatha aphansi, nekhwalithi yesiginali encishisiwe ngobude bekhebula ende.
RS-422: isiginali ehlukile, amanani edatha aphezulu, kanye nekhwalithi yesiginali ethuthukisiwe ngobude bekhebula ende.
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezicaciso Zekhebula
Ukucaciswa kwekhebula nakho kuyahluka phakathi kwakho kokubili. Izintambo ze-RS-422 zingakwazi ukuphatha ubude obude ngenxa yokubonisa umehluko. Lokhu kugcina ikhwalithi yesiginali ingcono. Izintambo ze-RS-232, nokho, zinobude obufushane ngenxa yokusayina okunomkhawulo owodwa.
Kafushane, ukukhetha phakathi kwe-RS-232 kanye ne-RS-422 kuncike ezidingweni zakho. I-RS-422 ingcono kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amanani aphezulu wedatha nobude bekhebula ende. I-RS-232 ilungile kumabanga amafushane nezidingo zezinga ledatha eliphansi.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-RS-422 ne-RS-485
I-RS-422 ne-RS-485 ziyahluka ngokuyinhloko ekusetheni kwazo nokuthi amadivayisi axhumeka kanjani. I-RS-485 isebenzisa ukwakheka kwebhasi, okuvumela amadivayisi amaningi ukuthi abelane ngomugqa owodwa. Lokhu kuhle kumasethingi adinga ukuxhumana okuningi. I-RS-422, nokho, iklanyelwe ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili.
I-RS-485 ingcono kumaphrojekthi adinga amadivayisi amaningi ukuze akhulume. Ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume abashayeli abaningi kulayini owodwa. Lokhu kulungele izilungiselelo zezimboni lapho amadivaysi amaningi kufanele axhumane. I-RS-422, enomshayeli wayo oyedwa nomamukeli, ingcono ekuxhumekeni okuqondile, okukhomba-ephuzu.
I-topology yenethiwekhi: I-RS-485 iyisakhiwo sebhasi, kuyilapho i-RS-422 iyi-topology ekhomba iphuzu
Ukucushwa kwedivayisi: I-RS-485 ivumela abashayeli abaningi nabamukeli, kuyilapho i-RS-422 inomshayeli oyedwa nomamukeli oyedwa.
Layisha izinga: I-RS-485 inezinga lokulayisha elingu-12-kΩ, kuyilapho i-RS-422 inezinga elihlukile lokulayisha
Ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwe-RS-422 ne-RS-485 kubalulekile ekukhetheni okulungile kuphrojekthi yakho. Cabanga ngohlobo lwenethiwekhi, ukuthi amadivayisi axhumeka kanjani, nezinga lokulayisha. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ukhethe izinga elingcono kakhulu lezidingo zakho, noma ngabe i-RS-422 noma i-RS-485.
Izinzuzo ze-RS-422 Ngaphezu Kwamanye Amazinga
I-RS-422 inezinzuzo eziningi, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yezimboni ne-automation. Ingakwazi ukuphatha inombolo enkulu yeziteshi, ilungele amasistimu amakhulu. Futhi inokumelana nomthwalo ophezulu, iqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ithunyelwa ngokuthembekile.
Izinzuzo Ezinhlelweni Zezimboni
Ezilungiselelweni zezimboni, i-RS-422 ikhanya ngesixhumi esibonakalayo sedijithali esilinganiselwe-voltage. Lesi sici siqeda umsindo futhi sigcina ukudluliswa kwedatha kuzinzile. Ukunqanyulwa kwekhebuli kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesici nakho kudlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni kwesistimu. I-RS-422 ivumela ukuxhumana okungafika ku-64, ikwenze kube nezinto eziningi ezisetshenziswayo.
Izinzuzo ku-Automation Applications
Ku-automation, i-RS-422 isebenzisa ama-transceivers angu-0.5-ul ukuze kudluliswe idatha ngokushesha kanye nokuxhumana okuthembekile. Kuhle futhi ekulweni nomsindo, okuwukhiye ezindaweni ezinomsindo. I-RS-422 iwukukhetha okuphezulu ngokuthembeka nokusebenza kahle kwemishini ezenzakalelayo, ethandwa abakhiqizi abaningi nabadidiyeli.
Izicelo Ezivamile ze-RS-422
I-RS-422 isetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi ngoba ithembekile futhi iyavumelana nezimo. Idizayini encike kuhlelo lwayo iyenza ifanelekele izidingo ezahlukene. Ingakwazi ukuphatha ubude bekhebula obukhulu obufika ku-1 km, elungele amadivayisi aqhelelene kakhulu.
Ezilungiselelweni zezimboni, i-RS-422 iwukhiye kumasistimu we-1 km adinga ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo. Izinga layo lokusayina elingu-100 kbps lilungele idatha esheshayo nethembekile. Futhi, ukubekezelela kwayo okungu-±20% kusiza amadivayisi ukukhuluma ngisho nangomsindo noma ukuphazamiseka.
Izicelo zezimboni
I-RS-422 iwukukhethwa okuphezulu kokusetshenziswa kwezimboni njengokukhiqiza, ukulawulwa kwenqubo, kanye ne-automation. Ikhono layo lokusingatha amabanga amade nedatha esheshayo liyenza ilungele amadivayisi aqhelelene kakhulu.
Izicelo ezizenzakalelayo
Kokuzenzakalelayo, i-RS-422 ilawula futhi iqaphe amadivayisi afana namamotho, amaphampu, namavalvu. Ukuthembeka nokuguquguquka kwayo kulungile ekulawuleni kwesikhathi sangempela nokuqapha.
| Isicelo | Incazelo |
| I-Industrial Automation | I-RS-422 isetshenziselwa ukulawula nokuqapha amadivayisi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezishintshayo zezimboni |
| Ukulawulwa Kwenqubo | I-RS-422 isetshenziselwa ukulawula nokuqapha amadivayisi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula inqubo |
| Okuzenzakalelayo | I-RS-422 isetshenziselwa ukulawula nokuqapha amadivayisi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezizenzakalelayo |
Ukucatshangelwa Kokufakwa Nokugcinwa
Lapho usetha amadivayisi e-RS-422, cabanga ngobude bekhebula kanye nomthelela wayo esivinini sedatha. Ikhebuli ende inganciphisa ukudluliswa kwedatha. Isibonelo, ikhebuli engu-500 m isekela kuphela i-200 kbps, okungenzeka inganele kuzo zonke izidingo.
Ukukhetha ubude bekhebula obufanele kuyisihluthulelo sokudlulisa idatha okuthembekile. I-voltage ephumayo yomshayeli kanye ne-voltage yokufaka yomamukeli kufanele ihambisane. Lokhu kuvimbela ukulahleka kwedatha noma ukonakala. Ngekhebula elilungile nokusetha idivayisi, abasebenzisi bangagwema amaphutha futhi baqinisekise ukuxhumana okushelelayo.
Ukufakwa kwekhebula
Ukufaka izintambo ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yedatha. Izintambo eziphothiweyo zingcono kakhulu ekwehliseni umsindo nokuthuthukisa amandla esignali. Ukulandela lezi zinyathelo kusiza ekufakeni ngempumelelo futhi kugcina ukusebenza kuphezulu.
Ukucushwa Kwedivayisi
Ukulungisa amadivayisi ngendlela efanele nakho kubalulekile ekusetheni i-RS-422. Abashayeli nabamukeli kufanele bamiswe ukuze basebenzisane kahle. Ngokucabangela isivinini sedatha nobude bekhebula, abasebenzisi bangathola ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu kumadivayisi abo.
Isiphetho
Izinga le-RS-422 liyiphrothokholi yokuxhumana ethembekile futhi eguquguqukayo. Isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yezimboni kanye ne-automation. Ukusekelwa kwayo kwamakhebuli amade, amanani edatha aphezulu, nokuvikeleka komsindo okungcono kuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuphezulu.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, sizobona ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe kuzinga le-RS-485 kanye nezindawo ezihlobene. Lokhu kuzoletha izinzuzo eziningi nakakhulu kubasebenzisi.
Isifinyezo Samaphuzu Abalulekile
I-athikili ihlanganise imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ye-RS-422, njengezici zayo zesiginali nezidingo zekhebula. Iphinde yakhuluma nge-topology yenethiwekhi nokusethwa kwedivayisi. Futhi, iqhathanise i-RS-422 namazinga e-RS-232 kanye ne-RS-485.
Izinzuzo ze-RS-422 zokusetshenziswa kwezimboni nokuzenzakalelayo zagqanyiswa. Izicelo ezivamile namathiphu okufaka nawo kwaxoxwa ngawo.
Intuthuko Yekusasa
Uma ubheka phambili, ukuhlanganisa ama-transceivers e-rs-485 nokuguqula i-impedance yokufaka kungathuthukisa i-RS-422. Ingase isekele kufika ku-32 ULS futhi isingathe ama-node angu-8x ngaphezulu kwe-RS-232.
Amadivayisi we-analog nama-transceivers ajwayelekile we-rs-485/rs-422 ayathuthuka. Lokhu kuphakamisa ikusasa eliqhakazile le-RS-422, ehlangabezana nezidingo zemikhakha yezimboni kanye ne-automation.
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