Misalan Duniya 20 na Kwamfutocin da aka Haɗa da Ke Canza Rayuwa da Masana'antu ta Yau da Kullum

I. Gabatarwa

An kwamfuta da aka saka wani tsarin kwamfuta ne na musamman wanda aka tsara don yin ayyuka na musamman a cikin babbar na'ura ko aikace-aikace. Sabanin kwamfuta mai amfani da ita gabaɗaya kamar kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ko tebur, tsarin da aka haɗa an inganta shi don takamaiman aiki, sau da yawa suna aiki a ƙarƙashin tsauraran ƙa'idodi a cikin amfani da wutar lantarki, girman, farashi, kuma aiki na ainihin lokaciWaɗannan tsarin galibi ana gina su ne a kusa da su ƙananan masu sarrafawa, ƙananan na'urori masu sarrafawa, ko Tsarin-kan-guntu (SoC) gine-gine, haɗa kayan aiki da software cikin tsari ɗaya mai sauƙi.

The tarihin kwamfutocin da aka haɗa ya samo asali ne tun daga shekarun 1960, tare da misalai na farko kamar Apollo Guidance Computer da aka yi amfani da ita a ayyukan sararin samaniya na NASA. Tun daga lokacin, fagen ya ci gaba sosai, wanda hakan ya ba da damar yin amfani da fasahar zamani. Kwamfutocin da aka saka, Kwamfutocin allo ɗaya (SBCs) kamar Rasberi Pi kuma Allon Beagle, kuma ba a iya ƙirgawa na'urorin IoT wannan iko na duniyar da ke da alaƙa a yau. Daga na'urorin sarrafa injin mota (ECUs) zuwa na'urorin bugun zuciya na likita, kuma daga robots na masana'antu masu sarrafa kansu zuwa tsarin alamun dijital, kwamfutocin da aka haɗa sun zama ginshiƙin fasahar zamani mara motsi.

Muhimmancin tsarin da aka saka yana cikin yanayinsu da kuma sauƙin daidaitawa. Ana samun su a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci kamar wayoyin komai da ruwanka, injinan wanke hannu, da wayoyin hannu na zamani, da kuma a cikin aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci so motoci masu sarrafa kansu, Layukan sarrafa kansa na masana'anta, kuma kayan aikin kiwon lafiyaTsarinsu sau da yawa yana buƙatar Tsarin aiki da aka saka (RTOS, Linux da aka saka, ko nau'ikan Android), tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki da kuma abin da za a iya faɗi.

Wannan labarin yana ba da cikakken bincike na misalai na kwamfutocin da aka haɗa, mai faɗi na'urorin mabukaci, tsarin masana'antu, kayan aikin likita, fasahar mota, da mafita na IoTZa mu kuma bincika su Tsarin kayan aiki, dandamalin software, halayen ƙira, da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa a nan gabaA ƙarshe, masu karatu za su fahimci yadda waɗannan tsarin ke aiki, inda ake amfani da su, da kuma dalilin da ya sa suke da mahimmanci wajen tsara masana'antu da rayuwar yau da kullun.

II. Rukuni na Kwamfutocin da aka Haɗa

Kwamfutocin da aka haɗa suna da matuƙar amfani, duk da haka, ana iya rarraba tsarinsu da kuma aiwatar da su zuwa sassa daban-daban. Fahimtar waɗannan rarrabuwa yana da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyi, ƙwararrun IT, da 'yan kasuwa masu kimantawa mafita na PC da aka haɗaWaɗannan tsarin galibi ana tsara su ne ta hanyar tsari da tsarin gini a gefe ɗaya, kuma ta hanyar aiki da iyawar hanyar sadarwa a ɗayan gefen.

A. Ta Tsarin Dalili / Tsarin Gine-gine

1. Kwamfutocin da aka haɗa a Tsarin-kan-Chip (SoC)

A Tsarin-kan-Chip (SoC) yana haɗa CPU, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, masu sarrafa I/O, wani lokacin ma GPUs cikin fakitin silicon guda ɗaya. Wannan tsarin yana da matuƙar mahimmanci ƙarami, mai amfani da makamashi, kuma mai inganciAna samun ƙirar SoC a cikin wayoyin komai da ruwanka, na'urorin IoT, agogon hannu, da tsarin alamun dijitalinda dole ne a daidaita aiki da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarkiTsarin da suka yi na ɗaukar kansu ya sa suka dace da na'urorin lantarki masu ɗaukuwa da masu amfani inda sarari yake da iyaka.

2. Kwamfutocin da aka haɗa da Soket ko Modular

Kwamfutocin da aka saka ta hanyar soket an ƙera su ne don sassauci da gyare-gyareSabanin SoCs, CPU da memory modules sau da yawa ana iya haɓaka shi, yana tsawaita tsawon rayuwar samfurin a cikin sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, na'urorin robotics, kiosks, da kayan aikin daukar hoton likitaSuna da siffofi ramukan faɗaɗawa da zaɓuɓɓukan I/O da yawa, yana tallafawa na'urori masu tasowa kamar Masu saurin GPU, Ethernet mai sauri, da hanyoyin haɗin bas na CANAna zaɓar waɗannan tsarin ne lokacin da Ƙarfin aiki da kuma aminci na dogon lokaci suna da mahimmanci.

3. Kwamfutocin Allo Guda Ɗaya (SBCs)

Kwamfutocin allo ɗaya (SBCs) kamar yadda Raspberry Pi, BeagleBoard, da Arduino haɗa dukkan muhimman abubuwan haɗin kai a cikin ƙaramin allon da'ira. Suna ba da daidaito tsakanin araha da aikisuna shahara da su, ilimi, samfuri, ƙofofin IoT, da kuma sarrafa masana'antu masu sauƙi. Kwamfutocin allo ɗaya na SBC suna da amfani iri-iri: a cikin azuzuwa, suna koyar da ci gaba mai ɗorewa; a cikin masana'antu, suna bayar da sarrafa sarrafa kansa mai rahusa ko ayyukan kwamfuta na gefeShahararsu ta samo asali ne daga babban al'ummar masu haɓaka software da kuma babban tallafin OS, gami da Linux da Android da aka saka.

B. Ta Aiki / Ƙarfin Cibiyar sadarwa

1. Tsarin da aka haɗa shi kaɗai

A tsarin da aka saka shi kaɗai an gina shi don aiwatar da wani abu guda ɗaya aikin da aka keɓe ba tare da haɗin waje ba. Misalai sun haɗa da masu sarrafa microwave, kalkuleta, ko allon dabaru na injin wankiAn inganta kayan aikinsu da firmware ɗinsu sosai don aminci, sauƙi, da farashi. Waɗannan tsarin suna jaddada aikin da aka ƙaddara a cikin muhallin da aka rufe.

2. Tsarin Haɗawa na Ainihin Lokaci (Tushen RTOS)

Wasu masana'antu ba za su iya jure jinkiri ba. Tsarin da aka saka a ainihin lokaci (RTOS) tabbatar aikin da ake iya faɗi, wanda ake iya faɗi ta hanyar amsawa ga siginar shigarwa cikin ƙananan daƙiƙa. Waɗannan tsarin suna aiki Sarrafa tsaron mota so Tsarin birki mai hana kullewa (ABS), jakunkunan iska, kuma na'urorin sarrafa injin (ECUs), har da na'urorin lafiya kamar na'urorin bugun zuciya ko masu cire defibrillatorsTsarin RTOS kamar VxWorks, QNX, ko Linux da aka saka tare da facin PREEMPT_RT ana karɓe su sosai a cikin robotics na sararin samaniya, tsaro, da masana'antu.

3. Tsarin Haɗin Intanet

A zamanin Kwamfutar IoT da Edge, tsarin da aka haɗa ta hanyar sadarwa suna ƙara zama ruwan dare. Waɗannan tsarin suna da ginannun tsarin Haɗin Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, ko wayar hannu, wanda ke ba su damar sadarwa tare da dandamalin girgije, sabar, da sauran na'urori. Misalai sun haɗa da injunan siyarwa masu wayo, na'urori masu auna masana'antu, ƙofofin IoT, da tsarin tsaro da aka haɗaTa hanyar haɗa kai sa ido daga nesa da nazarin bayanaisuna ƙarfafa gyaran hasashen a masana'antu, gudanar da jiragen ruwa a harkokin sufuri, kuma Inganta makamashi a cikin grid mai wayo.

Takaitaccen Bayani

The rukunan kwamfutocin da aka saka yana nuna bambancin fannin. A ɓangaren gine-gine, muna gani Tsarin da aka gina bisa SoC don ingantaccen aiki, Kwamfutocin socket modular don daidaitawa, kuma SBCs don sassauci da arahaA ɓangaren aiki, akwai tsarin da ke tsaye don tabbatar da aminci, tsarin lokaci-lokaci don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci ga aminci, da kuma tsarin da aka haɗa ta hanyar sadarwa ikon yin amfani da Juyin Juya Halin IoT.

Ta hanyar rarrabawa Kwamfutocin da aka haɗa a masana'antu ta wannan hanyar, masu yanke shawara za su iya daidaita fasaha da buƙatunsu mafi kyau—ko dai a firikwensin IoT mai araha, a PC mai aiki mai kyau, ko kuma mai sarrafawa na ainihin lokaci don tsarin da ke da mahimmanci ga manufa.

III. Misalan Duniya na Gaske a Fadin Yankuna

Gaskiyar ƙimar wani kwamfuta da aka saka zai bayyana idan muka duba yadda ake amfani da shi a faɗin masana'antu. na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci zuwa sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, kiwon lafiya, motoci, da tsarin IoT, kwamfutocin da aka haɗa suna samar da abin dogaro, aiki na musamman wanda al'ummar zamani ta dogara da shi. Ga misalai masu amfani da ke nuna isa gare su.

A. Na'urorin Masu Amfani

A cikin ɓangaren kayan lantarki na masu amfani, kwamfutocin da aka haɗa ba a iya gani, duk da haka suna bayyana ƙwarewar mai amfani.

• 
  Wayoyin hannu da Allunan hannu - An ƙarfafa ta hanyar ci gaba na'urori masu sarrafawa na tsarin-on-chip (SoC), suna sarrafa komai daga Sarrafa hoton kyamara zuwa haɗin hanyar sadarwa.
  
  

• Kayan Aikin Gida - Injin wanki, firiji, da tanda na microwave sun dogara da su ƙananan masu sarrafawa don sarrafa injuna, na'urorin ƙidayar lokaci, da hanyoyin tsaro.

• Kyamarorin Dijital da na'urorin wasan bidiyo - Waɗannan suna amfani da Kwamfutocin allo ɗaya (SBCs) don daidaita ƙarfin sarrafawa, ƙirar ƙira mai sauƙi, da amsawa ta ainihin lokaci.

• Abubuwan da ake sawa - Agogon hannu da masu bin diddigin motsa jiki suna haɗuwa tsarin da aka haɗa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi wanda ke bin diddigin na'urorin biometrics, gudanar da aikace-aikace, da kuma haɗawa ba tare da wata matsala ba ta hanyar Bluetooth ko Wi-Fi.

A nan, an fi mai da hankali kan Ingancin wutar lantarki, ƙaramin tsari, da araha yayin da har yanzu ke tabbatar da aikin da ake buƙata.

B. Tsarin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci

A cikin duniyar masana'antukwamfutocin da aka haɗa suna da mahimmanci ga sarrafa kansa da aminci.

• 
  Masana'antar sarrafa kansa – Kwamfutocin Masana'antu Kabad ɗin sarrafawa da aka saka a cikin su suna sarrafa tsarin jigilar kaya, hannayen robotic, da layukan samarwa tare da takamaiman lokaci.

• Robots na Masana'antu - An haɗa shi da Tsarin aiki da aka saka a ainihin lokaci (RTOS)Waɗannan kwamfutocin suna sarrafa daidaiton motsi, makullan tsaro, da tsarin hangen nesa na na'ura.

• Kiosk da ATMs – Kwamfutocin da aka haɗa suna ba da tsaro da ci gaba da aiki a cikin tsarin biyan kuɗi kai tsaye, injunan siyarwa, da tashoshin banki, sau da yawa tare da kayan aiki masu ƙarfi don aiki awanni 24/7.

• Makamashi da Ayyukan more rayuwa - Mita mai wayo, masu sarrafa grid, da Tashoshin caji na EV yi amfani da na'urorin sarrafawa da aka haɗa don tabbatar da ingantaccen rarraba makamashi da sa ido.

Babban fifiko a nan shine ƙira mai ƙarfi, faɗaɗawa, da tsawon rai, kamar yadda lokacin hutu ke shafar yawan aiki da riba kai tsaye.

C. Motoci da Sufuri

Masana'antar kera motoci tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu amfani da fasahar da aka haɗa.

• 
  Na'urorin Kula da Inji (ECUs) – Waɗannan masu sarrafa man fetur da aka haɗa suna tsara allurar mai, lokacin kunna wuta, da kuma hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, suna tabbatar da bin ƙa'idodin duniya.

• Tsarin Tsaro – Masu kula da jakar iska, tsarin birki mai hana kullewa (ABS), da kuma sarrafa jiragen ruwa mai daidaitawa duk sun dogara da kwamfutocin da aka saka a ainihin lokaci.

• Bayani da Kewaya - Kwamfutocin da aka haɗa suna ba da wutar lantarki a cikin abin hawa, GPS, da tsarin multimedia, galibi suna gudana na musamman Linux ɗin da aka saka dandamali.

• Tuki Mai Zaman Kanta - Motocin zamani suna haɗa abubuwa da yawa tsarin da aka haɗa ta hanyar sadarwa don yanke shawara bisa ga lidar, radar, da kuma AI.

Nan, aminci, aminci, da kuma martanin da aka tabbatar suna da mahimmanci, suna yin RTOS da tsarin gine-ginen da aka saka masu yawa mahimmanci.

D. Na'urorin Lafiya da Kula da Lafiya

Kwamfutocin da aka haɗa kuma suna ba da damar yin daidai a cikin fasahar likitanci.

• 
  Masu yin bugun zuciya da famfunan insulin - Tsarin da ke amfani da microcontroller yana samar da ayyuka masu dorewa tare da ƙarancin ƙarfi da aminci.

• Kayan Aikin Hotuna - Na'urori kamar na'urorin duban dan tayi da na'urorin MRI suna amfani da su kwamfutocin da aka haɗa masu aiki sosai don ɗaukar hoto a ainihin lokaci.

• Na'urorin Lafiya Masu Sawa - Ana amfani da na'urorin auna zuciya da kayan aikin bincike Haɗin Intanet da aka saka don sa ido kan marasa lafiya daga nesa.

Sashen kiwon lafiya yana buƙatar takaddun shaida na aminci, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, da kuma aiki na ainihin lokaci don kare rayukan marasa lafiya.

E. Tsarin IoT da Wayo

Tashi na Kwamfutar IoT da Edge ya faɗaɗa girman kwamfutocin da aka haɗa:

• 
  Ƙofofin IoT - Ƙaramin tsari Kwamfutocin da aka saka tattara bayanai daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin da yawa kuma aika su cikin aminci zuwa gajimare.

• Gine-gine Masu Wayo - Ana amfani da tsarin hasken wuta, HVAC, da tsarin ƙararrawa na wuta ta hanyar amfani da masu sarrafawa da aka haɗa ta hanyar sadarwa.

• Jiragen Sama marasa matuki da Tsarin Kulawa - Tsarin da aka haɗa yana sarrafa firikwensin, daidaitawa, da yawo bayanai a cikin muhallin ainihin lokaci.

A cikin wannan yanayin, haɗin kai shine babban abin da ke haifar da Hanyoyin sadarwa na Ethernet, Wi-Fi, 5G, da CAN bas yana ba da damar musayar bayanai a ainihin lokaci.

IV. Kayan Aiki da Zane-zanen Kayan Aiki

A zuciyar kowanne kwamfuta da aka saka akwai haɗakar kayan aikin da aka ƙera da kyau da tsarin tsarin. Ba kamar kwamfutocin da ake amfani da su a gabaɗaya ba, waɗannan tsarin an inganta su don inganci, aminci, da kuma aiki na musamman ga ayyukaFahimtar tubalan gini—ƙananan na'urori masu sarrafawa, ƙananan na'urori masu sarrafawa, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da kuma hanyoyin haɗin gefe- yana da mahimmanci a lokacin da ake kimanta hanyoyin magance matsalolin sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, na'urorin IoT, ko tsarin likita.

A. Microcontrollers vs. Microprocessors da SoCs

• Masu sarrafa ƙananan na'urori (MCUs): Ƙananan kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu araha suna haɗawa CPU, RAM, ajiyar Flash, da na'urorin I/ONa kowa a cikin kayan aiki, firikwensin, kalkuleta, da masu kula da motoci, MCUs sun dace da tsarin da aka saka shi kaɗai.

• Ƙananan na'urori masu sarrafawa (MPUs): An ƙera su don ingantaccen aiki, waɗannan na'urori masu sarrafawa suna buƙatar ƙwaƙwalwar waje da tallafi tsarin aiki mai rikitarwa kamar Linux ko Android da aka sakaAna samun su a cikin Kwamfutocin masana'antu, alamun dijital, da kuma bayanan cikin mota.

• Tsarin-kan-Chip (SoC): Ya haɗa mafi kyawun duniyoyi biyu, yana haɗa su CPU, GPU, da kayan haɗin kai a kan guntu ɗaya. SoCs sun mamaye wayoyin komai da ruwanka, hanyoyin shiga IoT, da dandamalin kwamfuta na gefe saboda rashin ingancin wutar lantarki da yawan haɗin kai.

B. Hanyoyin Hulɗa da Haɗin Kai na Gefe

Tsarin da aka haɗa ya dogara da nau'ikan hanyoyin sadarwa na I/O don haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin, masu kunna sauti, da hanyoyin sadarwa:

• GPIO, UART, I²C, da SPI don sarrafa ƙananan matakai.

• Bas ɗin CAN a cikin tsarin motoci.

• Ethernet, Wi-Fi, da Bluetooth don tsarin da aka haɗa ta hanyar sadarwa.

• USB da PCIe don faɗaɗawa a cikin Kwamfutocin da aka saka a masana'antu.

Waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwa suna tabbatar da sassauci a cikin sarrafa kansa ta masana'anta, robotics, da kuma tsarin IoT.

C. Zaɓuɓɓukan Ƙwaƙwalwa & Ajiya

Zaɓuɓɓukan ƙwaƙwalwa suna shafar amsawar tsarin da kwanciyar hankali:

• ROM/Filasha - don firmware da bootloader.

• SRAM/DRAM - don ayyukan kwamfuta na ainihin lokaci.

• EEPROM da eMMC - ajiya mai ɗorewa, mara canzawa don mahimman bayanai.

A cikin aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci ga manufa so hoton likita ko sararin samaniya, amincin ƙwaƙwalwa yana da mahimmanci kamar aikin da ba a iya sarrafawa ba.

a takaice, daidaiton gine-ginen kayan aiki da aka haɗa aiki, girma, farashi, da haɗin kaiKo amfani da na'urar auna microcontroller don na'urar auna firikwensin ko kuma a SoC don na'urar wayo, waɗannan sassan suna bayyana ƙarfin tsarin da amincinsa na dogon lokaci.

V. Manhajoji da Tsarin Aiki

Duk da yake kayan aiki yana bayyana ƙarfin jiki na kwamfuta da aka saka, shi ne software da tsarin aiki wanda ke tantance yadda tsarin yake aiki, hulɗa, da kuma mayar da martani. Daga firmware yana aiki akan microcontrollers zuwa cikakkun tsarin aiki da aka saka A kan kwamfutocin masana'antu, matakin software shine abin da ke sa waɗannan tsarin su zama masu hankali da aiki.

A. Firmware da Manhajar da aka Haɗa

Mafi yawan Tsarin da ke dogara da microcontroller gudu firmware, wani shiri mai sauƙi da aka adana a cikin ROM ko ƙwaƙwalwar FlashWannan manhaja yawanci ana rubuta ta ne a cikin C ko harshen taro, an inganta shi don gudu da girma. Misalai sun haɗa da dabarun sarrafawa a cikin injin wanki, da tsarin allurar mai na mota, ko kuma algorithm na aminci a cikin na'urar bugun zuciyaAn tsara firmware don zama tsayayye, mai ƙaddara, kuma mai jure wa gazawa, tunda aikace-aikace da yawa suna buƙatar shekaru na aiki ba tare da katsewa ba.

B. Tsarin Aiki da aka Haɗa

Don ƙarin ayyuka masu rikitarwa, Tsarin aiki da aka haɗa (OS) samar da yanayi mai tsari:

• 
  Tsarin Aiki na Ainihin Lokaci (RTOS): Dandamali kamar VxWorks, QNX, da FreeRTOS isar da lokutan amsawa masu mahimmanci, mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin tsaron motoci, aikace-aikacen sararin samaniya, da kuma robotics na masana'antu.

• Linux ɗin da aka saka: Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin tsarin da aka haɗa ta hanyar sadarwa, ƙofofin IoT, da kwamfutocin sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, yana ba da sassauci, iya faɗaɗawa, da kuma goyon bayan al'umma mai ƙarfi. Rarrabawa kamar Yocto, Buildroot, da OpenWrt kunna gyare-gyare.

• Nau'ikan Android: An keɓance Tsarin aiki na Android ana ƙara tura shi cikin alamun dijital, kiosks, da tsarin bayanai, godiya ga Kyakkyawan tsarin zane da tsarin tsarin aikace-aikace.

• An saka Windows/WinCE: Ko da yake ba shi da rinjaye a yau, har yanzu ana amfani da shi a cikin tsoffin kiosks, tashoshin hannu, da na'urorin likitanci.

C. Sharuɗɗan Software

Zaɓin Tsarin aiki da aka saka ya dogara da:

• Bukatun lokaci-lokaci (RTOS mai tauri da taushi).

• Bukatun haɗi (Ethernet, Wi-Fi, bas ɗin CAN).

• Tsaro da aminci (muhimmi a fannin kiwon lafiya da kula da masana'antu).

A zahiri, software ɗin yana canza wani kwamfuta da aka saka daga siliki mai ɗanɗano zuwa tsarin da aka gina da manufa, amintacce- iya sarrafa duk abin da ke ciki na'urorin IoT zuwa Sarrafa jiragen sama masu mahimmanci a cikin manufa.

VI. Halayen Zane da Takurawa

Zane wani kwamfuta da aka saka ya ƙunshi daidaita abubuwa da yawa ƙuntatawa yayin da yake biyan buƙatun aiki na aikace-aikacensa. Ba kamar kwamfutocin da ake amfani da su a gabaɗaya ba, tsarin da aka haɗa galibi dole ne su yi aiki a ƙarƙashin tsauraran ƙa'idodi. iko, girma, farashi, da buƙatun lokaci-lokaci, yayin da kuma tabbatar da ƙarfi, tsaro, da aminci.

A. Wuta, Girma, da Kuɗi

• Ƙarancin Amfani da Wutar Lantarki: Na'urori da yawa da aka haɗa, kamar su Na'urori masu auna IoT, kayan da aka sanya a asibiti, da kuma abubuwan da za a iya sawa, yana aiki akan ƙarancin ƙarfin baturi. An inganta kayan aiki da software don ingancin makamashi ta hanyar dabaru kamar sarrafa wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi kuma ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki SoCs.

• Ƙaramin Tsarin Ma'auni: Aikace-aikace kamar ECUs na motoci, masu sarrafa alamun dijital, da ƙofofin masana'antu suna buƙatar tsarin da zai iya shiga cikin wuraren da aka takaita ba tare da yin sakaci da aiki ba.

• Ingantaccen Kuɗi: Babban samarwa na na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci kamar buƙatun injinan wanki ko na'urorin lissafi ƙananan na'urori masu sarrafa microcontrollers masu araha wanda har yanzu yana samar da aminci.

B. Takamaiman Lokaci-lokaci

Masana'antu da yawa sun dogara tsarin da aka saka a ainihin lokaci inda aiwatarwa dole ne ya faru cikin tsauraran wa'adi:

• Tsarin Hard Real-Time – Misalan sun haɗa da masu kula da jakar iska, tsarin birki mai hana kullewa (ABS), da masu sarrafa bugun zuciya, inda har ma da ƙananan daƙiƙa na jinkiri na iya haifar da gazawa.

• Tsarin Soft Real-Time - An samo a cikin 'Yan wasan multimedia, tsarin bayanai, da kayan aikin sa ido na masana'antu, inda ake iya jure jinkiri amma har yanzu ana rage shi.

C. Tsauri da Aminci

Kwamfutocin da aka saka a masana'antu galibi ana sanya su a cikin mahalli mai tsauri tare da yanayin zafi mai tsanani, girgiza, da ƙura. Don kiyaye aminci, suna da siffofi masu kyau sanyaya mara fan, ajiyar yanayi mai ƙarfi, shafi mai tsari, da kuma jure zafin jiki mai faɗiTsawon rai ma yana da matuƙar muhimmanci; masana'antu da yawa suna tsammanin Shekaru 10+ na rayuwa don kayan aiki ba tare da katsewa ba.

D. Sha'anin Tsaro

Da ƙaruwar tsarin da aka haɗa ta hanyar sadarwa a cikin IoT, mota, da kuma sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, tsaron yanar gizo ya zama fifiko a fannin ƙira. Siffofi kamar su amintaccen boot, ɓoye kayan aiki, da gano kutse suna ƙara zama na yau da kullun don kare muhimman ababen more rayuwa.

A ƙarshe, Kwamfutocin masana'antu marasa fan ƙira ma'auni ne mai laushi na inganci, amsawar lokaci-lokaci, aminci mai ƙarfi, da tsaroWaɗannan ƙuntatawa suna bayyana yadda tsarin da aka haɗa ke iko da komai daga robot ɗin masana'anta zuwa na'urorin lafiya tare da daidaito da aminci.

V. Manhajoji da Tsarin Aiki

The matakin software shine abin da ke canza wani kwamfuta da aka saka daga kayan aiki mai sauƙi zuwa tsarin aiki mai amfani da wayo. Ko dai kuna gudanar da Firmware mai tushen microcontroller ko kuma cikakken tsarin aiki da aka saka, software ɗin ya bayyana aiki, aminci, da sassauciZaɓar dandamali mai dacewa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga aikace-aikace a cikin sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, na'urorin likitanci, amincin motoci, da kuma tsarin halittu na IoT.

A. Firmware da Manhajar da aka Haɗa

Ga mutane da yawa tsarin da aka saka shi kaɗai, ginshiƙin shine firmware- shirye-shiryen masu sauƙi da aka adana a cikin ROM ko ƙwaƙwalwar FlashAn rubuta a cikin C, C++, ko taro, firmware yana tabbatar da aiwatar da ƙaddara da kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci. Misalan da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da dabaru da ke sarrafa zagayowar injin wanki, da tsarin allurar mai a cikin mota, ko kuma tsarin lokaci a cikin na'urar bugun zuciyaDomin waɗannan tsarin galibi suna aiki tsawon shekaru ba tare da sabuntawa ba, dole ne a sanya firmware ɗin a cikin tsarin. inganci, amintacce, kuma abin dogaro sosai.

B. Tsarin Aiki da aka Haɗa

Lokacin da aikace-aikace ke buƙatar ƙarin rikitarwa, Tsarin aiki da aka saka (OS) yana shiga cikin wasa:

• Tsarin Aiki na Ainihin Lokaci (RTOS): Dandamali kamar FreeRTOS, VxWorks, da QNX kunna iko mai ƙarfi na ainihin lokaci don tsarin sarrafa jiragen sama, tsarin birki na motoci, da kuma robot-robot na masana'antu.

• Linux ɗin da aka saka: Mafita mai sassauƙa kuma mai iya daidaitawa don tsarin da aka haɗa ta hanyar sadarwa, ƙofofin IoT, da kwamfutocin masana'antu, tare da shahararrun gine-gine kamar Yocto, Buildroot, da OpenWrt.

• Android don Tsarin da aka Haɗa: An yi amfani da shi a cikin alamun dijital, kiosks, da tsarin bayanai, yana bayar da mai amfani mai wadata kuma tsarin tsarin aikace-aikace.

• An saka Windows/WinCE: Har yanzu yana nan a tashoshin hannu na gargajiya da kayan aikin likita, wanda aka sani da tallafi na dogon lokaci.

C. Muhimman Abubuwan Da Za A Yi La'akari da Su

Zaɓin Tsarin aiki da aka saka ya dogara da:

• Amsawa ta ainihin lokaci idan aka kwatanta da sassaucin manufa ta gabaɗaya.

• Bukatun haɗi kamar Ethernet, Wi-Fi, ko bas ɗin CAN.

• Takaddun shaida na tsaro da aminci don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci ga manufa.

A takaice, software ɗin yana bayyana hankali na wani kwamfuta da aka saka, ko ta hanyar sauƙin firmware ko kuma yawan amfani da Tsarin RTOS da Linux da aka haɗa.

VII. Yanayi & Umarni na Gaba

Fannin kwamfutocin da aka saka yana ci gaba da sauri, wanda ci gaba ke haifarwa a IoT, fasahar sadarwa, da fasahar sadarwa ta wucin gadi (AI)Yayin da masana'antu ke buƙatar ƙarin sarrafa kansa, haɗi, da inganci, makomar tsarin da aka haɗa za ta mayar da hankali kan mafita mafi wayo, sauri, da aminci.

A. AI a gefen

Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin shine haɗin kai AI da koyon injin kai tsaye cikin Kwamfutocin da aka saka kuma dandamali na tsarin-on-chip (SoC)Maimakon aika bayanai zuwa gajimare, gefen AI yana ba da damar yanke shawara a ainihin lokaci a wurin. Misali:

• Robots na masana'antu sanye take da tsarin gani mai amfani da fasahar AI na iya gano lahani na samfura nan take.

• Motoci masu cin gashin kansu yi amfani da GPUs da NPUs da aka haɗa don gane hoto a ainihin lokaci.

• Kyamarorin zamani kuma Ƙofofin IoT gudanar da nazarin a cikin gida, rage jinkirin jinkiri da inganta sirri.

Wannan sauyi yana canza na'urorin da aka haɗa zuwa dandamalin kwamfuta mai hankali.

B. Ingantaccen Makamashi & Dorewa

Tare da biliyoyin na'urori da aka yi amfani da su a duk duniya, ƙirar ƙarancin ƙarfi ba zaɓi bane kuma. Masu kera suna ɗaukar:

• Gudanar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi don tsawaita rayuwar batirin.

• Tsarin sanyaya mara fan don yanayi mai tsauri.

• Tsarin da aka saka kore wanda ke rage amfani da makamashi a cikin cibiyoyin bayanai, masana'antu, da gidaje masu wayo.

Ingancin makamashi zai ci gaba da zama babban ƙa'idar ƙira a cikin na'urorin da ake iya sawa, na'urorin likitanci, da na'urori masu auna IoT.

C. Haɗuwa da Haɗin IoT

Haɗuwa da IoT da kwamfuta da aka haɗa yana ƙirƙirar ƙari tsarin da aka haɗa ta hanyar sadarwa fiye da da. Manyan abubuwan da ke taimakawa sun haɗa da:

• Haɗin 5G don aikace-aikacen latency mai ƙarancin ƙarfi.

• Ethernet, Wi-Fi 6, da kuma bas ɗin CAN hadewa a cikin sarrafa kansa na masana'antu.

• Dandalin da aka saka na asali a cikin girgije waɗanda ke haɗuwa ba tare da wata matsala ba zuwa gajimare na Azure, AWS, ko gajimare na gefen sirri.

A ƙarshe, makomar kwamfutocin da aka saka dagajagora Mai ƙera kwamfuta mai sakawa yana cikin haɗin kai na AI a gefen, ƙira mai amfani da makamashi, da haɗin IoTWaɗannan sabbin abubuwa za su faɗaɗa rawar da suke takawa a cikin masana'antu masu wayo, sufuri mai cin gashin kansa, fasahar likitanci, da na'urorin lantarki na zamani na masu amfani da kayayyaki.

Shawarar Karatu: