PCIe X1, X4, X8, X16 Thiab X32: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv?
2024-08-13 16:29:49 dr hab
1. PCIe yog dab tsi?
PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) yog tus qauv tsheb npav ceev ceev uas tsim los txuas lub khoos phis tawj lub motherboard nrog cov khoom siv peripheral xws li daim npav duab, daim npav network, thiab cov khoom siv cia. Tshaj tawm xyoo 2003, PCIe hloov cov qauv qub xws li PCI thiab PCI-X, muab kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv kev ceev, bandwidth, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Qhov kev hloov tshiab tseem ceeb ntawm PCIe yog nws siv cov kev sib txuas ntawm qhov taw tes-rau-qhov sib txuas-txhua lub cuab yeej txuas nrog PCIe txoj kab sib txuas lus ncaj qha nrog tus tswv tsev, tsis yog sib koom ib lub tsheb npav, tso cai rau kev hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv sai thiab zoo dua.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm PCIe hauv Kev Lag Luam Niaj Hnub No
Hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, PCIe yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm siab. Nws muaj zog cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li GPUs, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua si, 3D rendering, thiab AI ua. Tsis tas li ntawd, PCIe slots tuav high-bandwidth peripherals, xws li NVMe cia drives, uas xav tau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb dhau los. PCIe txoj kab txhais cov kev sib txuas bandwidth, thiab cov xov tooj ntawm txoj kab muaj tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm x1 txog x32, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej.
2. PCIe Lanes yog dab tsi?
PCIe txoj kab yog lub hauv paus tsev thaiv kev sib txuas ntawm PCIe. Txhua txoj kab muaj ob khub ntawm cov xov hlau: ib qho rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv thiab ib qho rau txais cov ntaub ntawv. Tus naj npawb ntawm txoj kab-qhia los ntawm x hauv cov ntsiab lus xws li x1, x4, x8, thiab x16- txiav txim siab bandwidth muaj rau ib lub cuab yeej. Ntau txoj kab sib npaug siab dua bandwidth thiab ceev cov ntaub ntawv hloov tsheb. Piv txwv li, ib qho x16 qhov muab 16 txoj kab, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov duab phaib thiab ntau-GPU teeb tsa, thaum lub x1 qhov nrog tsuas yog 1 txoj kab zoo dua rau cov khoom siv xws li network adapters lossis suab phaib.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm txoj kab thiab Bandwidth
Tus lej ntawm PCIe txoj kab ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov ntaub ntawv hloov ceev. Txhua txoj kab tuaj yeem nqa mus txog qee cov ntaub ntawv, nyob ntawm PCIe tiam:
PCIe 1.0: 250 MB / s ib txoj kab
PCIe 2.0: 500 MB / s ib txoj kab
PCIe 3.0: 984 MB / s ib txoj kab
PCIe 4.0: 1969 MB / s ib txoj kab
Yog li, ib qho x16 qhov hauv PCIe 4.0 tuaj yeem ua raws li kev xav tau txog li 31.51 GB / s ntawm kev hloov ntaub ntawv.
3.Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws sib piv ntawm PCIe Slot Hom
A. PCIe x1 Qhov
PCIe x1 qhov yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm ob qho tib si lub cev loj thiab cov kab khiav. Nws nta ib txoj kab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog txaus rau cov khoom siv uas tsis tas yuav muaj ntau qhov bandwidth, xws li daim npav network, USB nthuav daim npav, thiab daim npav suab. Vim tias nws tsuas yog txhawb nqa 250 MB / s ib txoj kab hauv PCIe 1.0 thiab mus txog 1969 MB / s hauv PCIe 4.0, PCIe x1 qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm tseem ceeb.
B. PCIe x4 Qhov
Lub PCIe x4 qhov muaj plaub txoj kab, muab kev nce bandwidth thiab cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv ceev. Qhov no ua rau nws zoo haum rau cov khoom siv khaws cia zoo li NVMe SSDs lossis RAID controllers uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab. Txawm hais tias tsawg dua ntawm desktops, x4 qhov feem ntau siv hauv chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov servers rau cov dej num cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab. Nws tuaj yeem xa mus txog 7.88 GB / s hauv PCIe 4.0.
C. PCIe x8 Qhov
PCIe x8 slot muaj yim txoj kab ntawm kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv, uas muab cov bandwidth txaus rau high-end RAID controllers, network interface phaib (NICs), thiab txawm tias qee daim npav duab. Nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws theoretical bandwidth ntawm 15.75 GB / s hauv PCIe 3.0 lossis 31.51 GB / s hauv PCIe 4.0, qhov no feem ntau siv rau kev teeb tsa dual-GPU lossis kev ua haujlwm siab ua haujlwm uas xav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv tab sis tsis xav tau tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm x16 qhov.
D. PCIe x16 Qhov
Qhov feem ntau paub thiab siv qhov qhib yog PCIe x16 qhov, uas txhawb nqa kaum rau txoj kab ntawm kev hloov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no feem ntau yog tshwj tseg rau cov ntawv teev lus duab vim tias muaj ntau qhov bandwidth xav tau rau kev ua kom pom cov duab siab thiab ua haujlwm AI suav. Ib qho x16 qhov hauv PCIe 4.0 tuaj yeem tswj tau txog 31.51 GB / s ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa mus, ua rau nws mus rau kev ua haujlwm siab, tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua si, 3D rendering, thiab kev kawm tshuab. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau lub motherboards muaj ntau qhov x16 qhov, tso cai rau kev teeb tsa ntau GPU xws li NVIDIA's SLI lossis AMD's CrossFire.
| Qhov hom | Txoj kab | Qhov siab tshaj plaws Bandwidth (PCIe 4.0) | Siv dav |
| PCIe x 1 | 1 | 1969 MB/s | Network cards, suab phaib, USB adapters |
| PCIe x 4 | 4 | 7.88 GB / s | NVMe SSDs, RAID controllers |
| PCIe x 8 | 8 | 15.75 GB / s | High-end RAID controllers, network cards |
| PCIe x 16 | 16 | 31.51 GB / s | Graphics phaib, ntau-GPU teeb |
E. PCIe x32 Slot (Tsis tshua muaj)
PCIe x32 slot yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv kev ua haujlwm siab lossis kev lag luam servers uas yuav tsum tau muaj ntau qhov bandwidth. Nws txhawb nqa mus txog 32 txoj kab, theoretically xa 63.02 GB / s hauv PCIe 4.0. Muab nws qhov tsis tshua muaj, qhov no feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuab tshwj xeeb tuav cov haujlwm xws li cov ntaub ntawv chaw ua haujlwm thiab kev simulations.
5.PCIe Versions thiab kev ua tau zoo sib txawv
A. PCIe 1.0 rau PCIe 5.0
Tus qauv PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) tus qauv tau hloov zuj zus ntau xyoo dhau los, nrog rau txhua qhov tshiab tshiab muab kev txhim kho ntau hauv bandwidth thiab cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv. Hauv qab no yog qhov kev faib tawm ntawm PCIe ntau tshaj plaws thiab lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo sib txawv:
PCIe 1.0: Tso tawm xyoo 2003, qhov version no muaj 250 MB / s ib txoj kab, ua rau nws txaus rau cov khoom siv thaum ntxov xws li daim npav network thiab cov ntawv cim thaum ntxov.
PCIe 2.0: Tshaj tawm xyoo 2007, nws tau muab ob npaug ntawm qhov bandwidth mus rau 500 MB / s ib txoj kab, muab kev ua tau zoo dua qub rau cov khoom siv nruab nrab thiab kev ua si GPUs.
PCIe 3.0: Tso tawm xyoo 2010, PCIe 3.0 coj qhov nrawm nrawm, muab txog 984 MB / s ib txoj kab. Cov qauv no tau dhau los ua tus qauv rau feem ntau cov haujlwm ua haujlwm siab, xws li 3D rendering, gaming, thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv suav.
PCIe 4.0: Tshaj tawm xyoo 2017, PCIe 4.0 tau nce ob npaug ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm nws cov thawj coj, muab 1969 MB / s ib txoj kab. Cov ntawv no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau NVMe SSDs, high-end GPUs, thiab AI workloads.
PCIe 5.0: Tshaj tawm xyoo 2019, cov qauv no muaj qhov zoo nkauj 3938 MB / s ib txoj kab, txhawb nqa cov haujlwm ua haujlwm siab xws li kev kawm tshuab, cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm siab, thiab cov khoom siv server.
| PCIe Version | Xyoo tso tawm | Bandwidth ib txoj kab | x16 Slot Bandwidth |
| PCIe 1.0 | Xyoo 2003 | 250 MB / s | 4.0gbps ua |
| PCIe 2.0 | Xyoo 2007 | 500 MB/s | 8.0 GB / s |
| PCIe 3.0 | 2010 | 984 MB / s | 15.75 GB / s |
| PCIe 4.0 | 2017 | 1969 MB/s | 31.51 GB / s |
| PCIe 5.0 | 2019 | 3938 MB / s | 63.02 GB / s |
B. Yav tom ntej ntawm PCIe: PCIe 6.0 thiab Tshaj
Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm PCIe tau cog lus tseg, nrog PCIe 6.0 xav tias yuav thawb cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv mus ntxiv, muaj peev xwm ncav cuag 8 GB / s ib txoj kab. Teem sijhawm tso tawm sai sai, PCIe 6.0 lub hom phiaj los txhawb qhov kev xav tau loj hlob ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, kev txawj ntse, thiab kev siv tshuab kev kawm. Nrog rau kev nce qib xws li kev kho qhov yuam kev rau pem hauv ntej (FEC) thiab kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv (PAM4), PCIe 6.0 xav tias yuav txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv ncaj ncees thiab hloov pauv kev ua haujlwm ntxiv.
Raws li qhov kev thov rau kev suav nrawm txuas ntxiv zuj zus, PCIe tseem yog tus qauv ua rau kev nthuav dav hauv desktops, servers, thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv. Cov versions yav tom ntej ntawm PCIe yuav zoo li tsom mus rau qhov ntsuas bandwidth los txhawb cov thev naus laus zis tom ntej xws li quantum suav, qib siab AI, thiab kev muaj tiag virtual.
Tej zaum koj kuj yuav txaus siab rau cov kev daws teeb meem hauv computer:
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