PCIe X1, X4, X8, X16 na X32: Ni irihe tandukaniro?
2024-08-13 16:29:49
1. PCIe ni iki?
PCIe. PCIe yatangijwe mu 2003, yasimbuye ibipimo bishaje nka PCI na PCI-X, itanga iterambere ryinshi mumuvuduko, umuvuduko mwinshi, no gukora neza. Agashya k'ingenzi ka PCIe ni ugukoresha umurongo uhuza ingingo-ku-buri gikoresho gihujwe binyuze mu murongo wa PCIe gishyikirana mu buryo butaziguye na nyiricyubahiro, aho gusangira bisi isanzwe, itanga uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru vuba kandi neza.
Akamaro ka PCIe muri Mudasobwa Zigezweho
Mw'isi ya none, PCIe ni ngombwa mu kubara cyane. Ifasha ibice byingenzi nka GPU, bifite akamaro kanini mu gukina, kwerekana 3D, no gutunganya AI. Byongeye kandi, PCIe ibibanza bifata umurongo mugari wa periferiya, nka drives ya NVMe, bisaba amakuru yingenzi. Inzira ya PCIe isobanura umurongo mugari, kandi umubare wumuhanda uboneka urashobora gutandukana kuva x1 kugeza x32, bigira ingaruka kumikorere yibikoresho.
2. Inzira ya PCIe ni iki?
Inzira za PCIe ninzitizi zifatizo zubaka za PCIe. Buri murongo ugizwe nibice bibiri byinsinga: imwe yo kohereza amakuru nimwe yo kwakira amakuru. Umubare w'inzira-werekanwa na x mu magambo nka x1, x4, x8, na x16 - ugena umurongo wagutse ku gikoresho. Inzira nyinshi zingana umurongo mwinshi kandi byihuse byo kohereza amakuru. Kurugero, ikibanza x16 gitanga inzira 16, bigatuma biba byiza kubikarita yubushushanyo hamwe na GPU nyinshi, mugihe x1 ikibanza gifite umurongo 1 gusa gikwiranye nibikoresho nka adaptateur ya neti cyangwa amakarita yijwi.
Isano Hagati y'umuhanda n'umuyoboro mugari
Umubare wumuhanda wa PCIe uhindura muburyo bwihuse bwo kohereza amakuru. Buri murongo urashobora gutwara umubare munini wamakuru, ukurikije ibisekuru bya PCIe:
PCIe 1.0: 250 MB / s kumurongo
PCIe 2.0: 500 MB / s kumurongo
PCIe 3.0: 984 MB / s kumurongo
PCIe 4.0: 1969 MB / s kumurongo
Rero, umwanya wa x16 muri PCIe 4.0 urashobora kubigeraho bigera kuri 31.51 GB / s yo kohereza amakuru.
3.Kugereranya birambuye Ubwoko bwa PCIe
A. PCIe x1 Ahantu
Ikibanza cya PCIe x1 ni gitoya ukurikije ubunini bwumubiri n'umubare w'inzira. Igaragaza umurongo umwe wamakuru, urahagije kubikoresho bidasaba umurongo mwinshi, nk'amakarita y'urusobe, amakarita yo kwagura USB, n'amakarita y'amajwi. Kuberako ishyigikira gusa 250 MB / s kumurongo muri PCIe 1.0 no kugeza 1969 MB / s muri PCIe 4.0, umwanya wa PCIe x1 nibyiza kubikorwa bidakora-bikomeye.
B. PCIe x4 Ahantu
Ikibanza cya PCIe x4 gifite inzira enye, zitanga umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe no kohereza amakuru. Ibi bituma bikwiranye nibikoresho byabitswe nka NVMe SSDs cyangwa RAID igenzura bisaba imikorere yoroheje. Mugihe bidakunze kugaragara kuri desktop, umwanya wa x4 ukoreshwa kenshi mubikorwa byakazi hamwe na seriveri kubikorwa birimo amakuru yoroheje. Irashobora gutanga 7.88 GB / s muri PCIe 4.0.
C. PCIe x8 Ikibanza
Ikibanza cya PCIe x8 gitanga inzira umunani zo kohereza amakuru, zitanga umurongo uhagije kubagenzuzi ba RAID bo mu rwego rwo hejuru, amakarita ya interineti (NICs), ndetse n'amakarita amwe. Hamwe nubunini ntarengwa bwa 15,75 GB / s muri PCIe 3.0 cyangwa 31.51 GB / s muri PCIe 4.0, iyi myanya ikoreshwa kenshi muburyo bubiri bwa GPU cyangwa imirimo yo kubara cyane isaba ko amakuru yiyongera ariko ntibikeneye ubushobozi bwuzuye bwikibanza cya x16.
D. PCIe x16 Ahantu
Ikibanza kizwi cyane kandi gikoreshwa ni umwanya wa PCIe x16, ushyigikira imirongo cumi n'itandatu yo kohereza amakuru. Aka gace gasanzwe kagenewe amakarita yubushushanyo kubera ubwinshi bwumurongo ukenewe mugutanga ibishushanyo bihanitse kandi bikoresha AI kubara. Ikibanza cya x16 muri PCIe 4.0 kirashobora gukora kugeza kuri 31.51 GB / s yo kohereza amakuru, bigatuma kijya kumurimo ukora cyane, cyane cyane mumikino, kwerekana 3D, no kwiga imashini. Byongeye kandi, imbaho nyinshi zitanga ahantu henshi x16, zemerera gushiraho GPU nyinshi nka SLI ya NVIDIA cyangwa AMF's CrossFire.
| Ubwoko bw'ahantu | Umuhanda | Umuyoboro ntarengwa (PCIe 4.0) | Imikoreshereze rusange |
| PCIe x1 | 1 | 1969 MB / s | Ikarita y'urusobe, amakarita y'amajwi, adaptate ya USB |
| PCIe x4 | 4 | 7.88 GB / s | NVMe SSDs, abagenzuzi ba RAID |
| PCIe x8 | 8 | 15,75 GB / s | Abagenzuzi ba RAID bohejuru, amakarita y'urusobe |
| PCIe x16 | 16 | 31.51 GB / s | Ikarita ishushanyije, byinshi-GPU |
E. PCIe x32 Ahantu (Ntibisanzwe)
Ikibanza cya PCIe x32 ni gake cyane kandi gikoreshwa cyane cyane muri mudasobwa ikora cyane cyangwa seriveri yibikorwa bisaba ubwinshi bwumurongo. Ifasha inzira zigera kuri 32, mubyukuri gutanga 63.02 GB / s muri PCIe 4.0. Urebye gake, iyi sisitemu isanzwe iboneka muri sisitemu yihariye ikora imirimo nkibikorwa bya data center hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa siyanse.
5.Imirongo ya PCIe nibitandukaniro
A. PCIe 1.0 kugeza PCIe 5.0
Ibipimo bya PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) byahindutse cyane uko imyaka yagiye ihita, buri verisiyo nshya itanga iterambere ryinshi muburyo bwagutse no kohereza amakuru. Hasi ni ugusenya verisiyo zisanzwe za PCIe nibitandukaniro ryimikorere:
PCIe 1.0: Yasohotse mu 2003, iyi verisiyo yatanze 250 MB / s kumurongo, bigatuma ihagije kubikoresho byambere nkamakarita y'urusobekerane hamwe namakarita yerekana amashusho.
PCIe 2.0: Yinjijwe mu 2007, yikubye kabiri umurongo wa 500 MB / s kuri buri murongo, itanga imikorere inoze kubikoresho byo hagati ndetse na GPU ikina.
PCIe 3.0: Yasohotse muri 2010, PCIe 3.0 yazanye umuvuduko mwinshi, itanga 984 MB / s kumurongo. Iyi verisiyo yabaye ihame ryimirimo myinshi ikora cyane, nko kwerekana 3D, gukina, hamwe no kubara amakuru.
PCIe 4.0: Yatangiye muri 2017, PCIe 4.0 yikubye kabiri umuvuduko wabayibanjirije, itanga 1969 MB / s kumurongo. Iyi verisiyo ifite akamaro kanini kuri NVMe SSDs, GPU yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, hamwe nakazi ka AI.
PCIe 5.0: Iyi verisiyo yatangijwe muri 2019, iyi verisiyo itanga 3938 MB / s kumurongo umwe, ishyigikira imirimo yo kubara igezweho nko kwiga imashini, ibigo bikora neza cyane, hamwe nibikorwa remezo bya seriveri.
| PCIe | Umwaka wo Kurekura | Umuyoboro mugari kuri buri murongo | x16 Umuyoboro mugari |
| PCIe 1.0 | 2003 | 250 MB / s | 4.0 Gbps |
| PCIe 2.0 | 2007 | 500 MB / s | 8.0 GB / s |
| PCIe 3.0 | 2010 | 984 MB / s | 15,75 GB / s |
| PCIe 4.0 | 2017 | 1969 MB / s | 31.51 GB / s |
| PCIe 5.0 | 2019 | 3938 MB / s | 63.02 GB / s |
B. Kazoza ka PCIe: PCIe 6.0 na Hanze
Ejo hazaza ha PCIe haratanga ikizere, PCIe 6.0 iteganijwe kuzamura igipimo cyo kohereza amakuru kurushaho, birashoboka ko igera kuri 8 GB / s kumurongo. Biteganijwe gusohoka vuba, PCIe 6.0 igamije gushyigikira ibyifuzo byiyongera byimikorere ya mudasobwa ikora cyane, ubwenge bwubukorikori, hamwe no kwiga imashini. Hamwe niterambere nkikosora ryimbere (FEC) hamwe na pulsed amplitude modulation (PAM4), PCIe 6.0 biteganijwe ko izamura ubunyangamugayo bwamakuru no kohereza neza kurushaho.
Mugihe icyifuzo cyo kubara byihuse gikomeje kwiyongera, PCIe ikomeza kuba iyambere murwego rwo kwagura ahantu muri desktop, seriveri, hamwe na data center. Ibihe bizaza bya PCIe birashoboka ko bizibanda ku kwaguka kwagutse kugirango dushyigikire tekinoroji ikurikira-nka comptabilite, AI igezweho, hamwe nukuri.
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