PCIe X1, X4, X8, X16 Uye X32: Ndeupi musiyano?
2024-08-13 16:29:49
1. Chii chinonzi PCIe?
PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) ndeyekumhanya-mhanya serial yekuwedzera bhazi chiyero chakagadzirirwa kubatanidza mamaboard yemukombuta nemidziyo yekutenderera yakadai semakadhi emifananidzo, makadhi etiweki, uye zvishandiso zvekuchengetera. Yakatangwa muna 2003, PCIe yakatsiva zviyero zvekare sePCI nePCI-X, ichipa kuvandudzwa kwakakosha mukumhanya, bandwidth, uye kugona. Iyo yakakosha kuvandudzwa kwePCIe kushandisa kwayo serial point-to-point yekubatanidza-chishandiso chega chega chakabatana nePCIe nzira dzinotaurirana zvakananga nemugamuchiri, pane kugovera bhazi rakajairwa, richibvumira kukurumidza uye kwakanyatso kufambisa data.
Kukosha kwePCIe mune Yemazuvano Computing
Munyika yanhasi, PCIe yakakosha kune yakakwirira-kuita komputa. Inopa masimba akakosha senge maGPU, ayo akakosha pamitambo, 3D kupa, uye AI kugadzirisa. Pamusoro pezvo, PCIe slots inobata yakakwira-bandwidth peripherals, senge NVMe yekuchengetedza madhiraivha, ayo anoda akakosha data throughput. PCIe nzira dzinotsanangura bandwidth yekubatanidza, uye nhamba yenzira dziripo dzinogona kusiyana kubva pa x1 kusvika x32, zvichikanganisa kushanda kwechishandiso.
2. Chii chinonzi PCIe Lanes?
PCIe nzira ndiwo akakosha ekuvaka ePCIe yekubatanidza. Imwe neimwe nzira ine mbiri mbiri dzewaya: imwe yekutumira data uye imwe yekugamuchira data. Huwandu hwenzira-inoratidzwa neiyo x maererano senge x1, x4, x8, uye x16-inosarudza bandwidth inowanikwa kune mudziyo. Mimwe migwagwa yakaenzana yakakwira bandwidth uye nekukurumidza data kutamisa mitengo. Semuenzaniso, x16 slot inopa nzira gumi nenhanhatu, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kumakadhi emifananidzo uye akawanda-GPU setups, nepo x1 slot ine 1 nzira chete inokodzera zvirinani zvishandiso zvakaita setiweki adapter kana makadhi anonzwika.
Hukama Pakati peNzira uye Bandwidth
Huwandu hwemigwagwa yePCIe inokanganisa zvakananga kukurumidza kwekufambisa data. Imwe neimwe nzira inogona kutakura kusvika kuhuwandu hwe data, zvichienderana nechizvarwa chePCIe:
PCIe 1.0: 250 MB/s pamukoto
PCIe 2.0: 500 MB/s pamukoto
PCIe 3.0: 984 MB/s pamukoto
PCIe 4.0: 1969 MB/s pamukoto
Nekudaro, iyo x16 slot muPCIe 4.0 inogona ne theoretically kuwana kusvika ku31.51 GB/s yekufambisa data.
3.Yakadzama Kuenzanisa kwePCIe Slot Types
A. PCIe x1 Slot
Iyo PCIe x1 slot ndiyo idiki pane ese maererano nehukuru hwemuviri uye huwandu hwenzira. Inosanganisira imwe nzira yedata, inokwana midziyo isingade bandwidth yakawanda, semakadhi etiweki, makadhi ekuwedzera e USB, uye makadhi eruzha. Nekuti inongotsigira 250 MB/s pamukoto wega wega muPCIe 1.0 uye kusvika 1969 MB/s muPCIe 4.0, PCIe x1 slot yakanakira kusaita-akakosha mabasa.
B. PCIe x4 Slot
Iyo PCIe x4 slot ine nzira ina, inopa yakawedzera bandwidth uye data yekumhanyisa kumhanya. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera kumidziyo yekuchengetedza seNVMe SSD kana RAID controller inoda kuita zvine mwero. Kunyange zvisinganyanyi kujaira pama desktops, iyo x4 slot inowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzekushandira uye maseva emabasa anosanganisira pakati nepakati data throughput. Inogona kuendesa kusvika ku7.88 GB/s muPCIe 4.0.
C. PCIe x8 Slot
Iyo PCIe x8 slot inopa nzira sere dzekufambisa data, iyo inopa yakakwana bandwidth kune yakakwirira-yekupedzisira RAID controllers, network interface makadhi (NICs), uye kunyangwe mamwe makadhi emifananidzo. Iine yakakura theoretical bandwidth ye15.75 GB/s muPCIe 3.0 kana 31.51 GB/s muPCIe 4.0, slot iyi inowanzoshandiswa kune maviri-GPU setups kana yepamusoro-performance computing mabasa anoda kuwedzera kuyerera kwedata asi isingade kugona kwakazara kwe x16 slot.
D. PCIe x16 Slot
Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye inoshandiswa slot ndiyo PCIe x16 slot, inotsigira nzira gumi nenhanhatu dzekufambisa data. Iyi slot inowanzo chengeterwa makadhi emifananidzo nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hwebandwidth inodiwa pakupa yakakwirira-resolution magirafu uye kumhanya AI computations. Iyo x16 slot muPCIe 4.0 inogona kubata kusvika 31.51 GB/s yekuendesa data, ichiiita iyo yekuenda-kune-yepamusoro-kuita mabasa, kunyanya mumitambo, 3D kupa, uye muchina kudzidza. Pamusoro pezvo, akawanda mabhodhi eamai anopa akawanda x16 slots, achibvumira akawanda-GPU setups akadai seNVIDIA's SLI kana AMD's CrossFire.
| Slot Type | Lanes | Yakanyanya Kuwanda Bandwidth (PCIe 4.0) | Common Use |
| PCIe x1 | 1 | 1969 MB/s | Network makadhi, zvinonzwika makadhi, USB adapters |
| PCI x4 | 4 | 7.88 GB/s | NVMe SSDs, RAID controllers |
| PCI x8 | 8 | 15.75 GB/s | Yepamusoro-yekupedzisira RAID controllers, network makadhi |
| PCIe x16 | 16 | 31.51 GB/s | Graphics makadhi, akawanda-GPU setups |
E. PCIe x32 Slot (Kashoma)
Iyo PCIe x32 slot yanyanya kushomeka uye inonyanya kushandiswa mupamusoro-inoshanda komputa kana bhizinesi maseva anoda huwandu hukuru hwebandwidth. Inotsigira nzira dzinosvika makumi matatu nembiri, zvichiburitsa 63.02 GB/s muPCIe 4.0. Tichifunga nezvekushaikwa kwayo, iyi slot inowanzo kuwanikwa mune akasarudzika masisitimu ekubata mabasa senge data data mashandiro uye sainzi simulations.
5.PCIe Versions uye Performance Difference
A. PCIe 1.0 kusvika kuPCIe 5.0
Iyo PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) chiyero chakashanduka zvakanyanya nekufamba kwemakore, neshanduro yega yega itsva inopa kuvandudzwa kwakakura mubandwidth uye mareti ekufambisa data. Pazasi pane kuparara kweakajairika PCIe vhezheni uye maitiro avo akasiyana:
PCIe 1.0: Yakaburitswa muna 2003, iyi vhezheni yakapa 250 MB/s panzira, ichiita kuti ive yakakwana kumidziyo yekutanga sengetiweki makadhi uye ekutanga-echizvarwa makadhi emifananidzo.
PCIe 2.0: Yakaunzwa muna 2007, yakawedzera bandwidth kusvika ku500 MB/s panzira, ichipa mashandiro akavandudzwa emidziyo yepakati-renji uye maGPU emitambo.
PCIe 3.0: Yakaburitswa muna 2010, PCIe 3.0 yakaunza kukurumidza kukurumidza kuwedzera, ichipa kusvika ku984 MB/s pamukoto. Iyi vhezheni yakava chiyero cheakanyanya-kuita mabasa epamusoro, senge 3D kupa, kutamba, uye data-yakanyanya komputa.
PCIe 4.0: Yakaitwa muna 2017, PCIe 4.0 yakawedzera kaviri kumhanya kweyakatangira, ichipa 1969 MB/s panzira. Iyi vhezheni inonyanya kubatsira kune NVMe SSDs, yepamusoro-yekupedzisira maGPU, uye AI basa rakawanda.
PCIe 5.0: Yakatangwa muna 2019, iyi vhezheni inopa inokatyamadza 3938 MB/s panzira, inotsigira epamberi komputa mabasa senge muchina kudzidza, yakakwirira-inoshanda data nzvimbo, uye server zvivakwa.
| PCIe Version | Release Year | Bandwidth per Lane | x16 Slot Bandwidth |
| PCIe 1.0 | 2003 | 250 MB/s | 4.0 Gbps |
| PCIe 2.0 | 2007 | 500 MB/s | 8.0 GB/s |
| PCIe 3.0 | 2010 | 984 MB/s | 15.75 GB/s |
| PCIe 4.0 | 2017 | 1969 MB/s | 31.51 GB/s |
| PCIe 5.0 | 2019 | 3938 MB/s | 63.02 GB/s |
B. Ramangwana rePCIe: PCIe 6.0 uye Beyond
Ramangwana rePCIe riri kuvimbisa, nePCIe 6.0 inotarisirwa kusundidzira mitengo yekufambisa data zvakatonyanya, ingangosvika 8 GB/s panzira. Yakarongerwa kuburitswa munguva pfupi iri kutevera, PCIe 6.0 ine chinangwa chekutsigira zviri kukura zvinodiwa zvepamusoro-inoshanda komputa, hungwaru hwekugadzira, uye mashandisirwo ekudzidza muchina. Nekufambira mberi senge kumberi kukanganisa kururamisa (FEC) uye pulsed amplitude modulation (PAM4), PCIe 6.0 inotarisirwa kuvandudza kutendeseka kwedata uye kutamisa kunyatsoshanda zvakanyanya.
Sezvo kudiwa kwekukurumidza komputa kuri kuramba kuchikura, PCIe inoramba iri iyo inotungamira chiyero chekuwedzera slots mumatafura, maseva, uye nzvimbo dzedata. Mavhezheni emangwana ePCIe angangotarisa pakuyera bandwidth kutsigira inotevera-gen tekinoroji senge quantum computing, advanced AI, uye chaiyo chaiyo.
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