PCIe X1, X4, X8, X16 Le X32: Phapano ke efe?
2024-08-13 16:29:49
1. PCIe ke eng?
PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) ke maemo a libese a katoloso a lebelo le phahameng a etselitsoeng ho hokela boardboard ea komporo ka lisebelisoa tsa peripheral joalo ka likarete tsa litšoantšo, likarete tsa marang-rang le lisebelisoa tsa polokelo. E tsebisitsoe ka 2003, PCIe e nkile maemo a khale joalo ka PCI le PCI-X, e fanang ka lintlafatso tse kholo tsa lebelo, bandwidth, le ts'ebetso. Boqapi ba bohlokoa ba PCIe ke tšebeliso ea eona ea likhokahano tsa serial point-to-point — sesebelisoa se seng le se seng se hokahantsoeng ka litselana tsa PCIe se buisana ka kotloloho le moamoheli, ho fapana le ho arolelana bese e tloaelehileng, e lumellang phetiso ea data e potlakileng le e sebetsang haholoanyane.
Bohlokoa ba PCIe ho Computing ea Kajeno
Lefatšeng la kajeno, PCIe e bohlokoa bakeng sa komporo e sebetsang hantle haholo. E matlafatsa likarolo tsa bohlokoa joalo ka li-GPU, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa papali, tlhahiso ea 3D, le ts'ebetso ea AI. Ntle le moo, li-slots tsa PCIe li sebetsana le lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa bandwidth, joalo ka li-drive tsa polokelo tsa NVMe, tse hlokang phepelo e kholo ea data. Litsela tsa PCIe li hlalosa bandwidth ea khokahano, 'me palo ea litsela tse fumanehang e ka fapana ho tloha x1 ho ea ho x32, e amang ts'ebetso ea sesebelisoa ka kotloloho.
2. PCIe Lanes ke Eng?
Litsela tsa PCIe ke litšiea tsa mantlha tsa khokahano ea PCIe. Tsela e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le lipara tse peli tsa lithapo: e 'ngoe ke ea ho fetisa data le e' ngoe bakeng sa ho amohela data. Palo ea litsela-e bonts'itsoeng ke x ka mantsoe a kang x1, x4, x8, le x16-e khetholla boholo ba marang-rang bo fumanehang sesebelisoa. Litsela tse ngata li lekana le li-bandwidth tse phahameng le litefiso tsa phetisetso ea data ka potlako. Mohlala, sekotjana sa x16 se fana ka litselana tse 16, se etsa hore e be se loketseng likarete tsa litšoantšo le li-setups tse ngata tsa GPU, athe sekotjana sa x1 se nang le lane e le 1 feela se loketse lisebelisoa tse kang li-adapter tsa marang-rang kapa likarete tsa molumo.
Kamano Pakeng tsa Lanes le Bandwidth
Palo ea litselana tsa PCIe e ama ka kotloloho lebelo la phetisetso ea data. Tsela e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ka nka data e fihlang ho palo e itseng, ho latela mofuta oa PCIe:
PCIe 1.0: 250 MB / s ka tsela
PCIe 2.0: 500 MB / s ka tsela
PCIe 3.0: 984 MB/s ka tsela
PCIe 4.0: 1969 MB/s ka tsela
Kahoo, slot ea x16 ho PCIe 4.0 e ka fihlela 31.51 GB/s ea phetiso ea data.
3.Papiso e qaqileng ea Mefuta ea Slot ea PCIe
A. PCIe x1 Slot
PCIe x1 slot ke e nyane ho fetisisa ho latela boholo ba 'mele le palo ea litselana. E na le lane e le 'ngoe ea data, e lekaneng lisebelisoa tse sa hlokeng marang-rang a mangata, joalo ka likarete tsa marang-rang, likarete tsa katoloso tsa USB, le likarete tsa molumo. Hobane e ts'ehetsa feela 250 MB/s ka lane ho PCIe 1.0 le ho fihla ho 1969 MB/s ho PCIe 4.0, PCIe x1 slot e loketse mesebetsi e seng ea bohlokoa haholo.
B. PCIe x4 Slot
PCIe x4 slot e na le litselana tse 'ne, e fanang ka lebelo le eketsehileng la bandwidth le lebelo la phetisetso ea data. Sena se etsa hore e lekane hantle bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa polokelo tse kang li-NVMe SSD kapa balaoli ba RAID tse hlokang ts'ebetso e itekanetseng. Le ha e sa tloaeleha ho li-desktops, sekotjana sa x4 se sebelisoa hangata litsing tsa mosebetsi le li-server bakeng sa mesebetsi e kenyelletsang phepelo ea data e itekanetseng. E ka tsamaisa ho fihla ho 7.88 GB/s ho PCIe 4.0.
C. PCIe x8 Slot
PCIe x8 slot e fana ka litsela tse robeli tsa phetisetso ea data, e fanang ka bandwidth e lekaneng bakeng sa balaoli ba RAID ba phahameng, likarete tsa marang-rang (NICs), esita le likarete tse ling tsa litšoantšo. Ka boholo ba bandwidth ea theory ea 15.75 GB/s ho PCIe 3.0 kapa 31.51 GB/s ho PCIe 4.0, sekotjana sena se sebelisoa hangata bakeng sa li-setups tse peli tsa GPU kapa mesebetsi ea komporo e sebetsang hantle e hlokang phallo e eketsehileng ea data empa e sa hloke bokhoni bo felletseng ba x16 slot.
D. PCIe x16 Slot
Sebaka se tsebahalang haholo le se sebelisoang haholo ke PCIe x16 slot, e ts'ehetsang litselana tse leshome le metso e ts'eletseng tsa phetiso ea data. Slot ena hangata e boloketsoe likarete tsa litšoantšo ka lebaka la palo e kholo ea bandwidth e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho fana ka litšoantšo tse nang le qeto e phahameng le ho sebelisa lipalo tsa AI. Setsi sa x16 se ho PCIe 4.0 se ka sebetsana le phetiso ea data ho fihla ho 31.51 GB/s, se etsa hore e be sebaka sa ho etsa mesebetsi e sebetsang hantle haholo, haholo papaling, ho fana ka 3D le ho ithuta ka mochini. Ntle le moo, liboto tse ngata tsa bo-mme li fana ka li-slots tse ngata tsa x16, tse lumellang li-setups tse ngata tsa GPU joalo ka NVIDIA's SLI kapa AMD's CrossFire.
| Mofuta oa Slot | Litsela | Boholo ba Bandwidth (PCIe 4.0) | Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng |
| PCIe x1 | 1 | 1969 MB/s | Likarete tsa marang-rang, likarete tsa molumo, li-adapter tsa USB |
| PCIe x4 | 4 | 7.88GB/s | Li-NVMe SSD, balaoli ba RAID |
| PCI x8 | 8 | 15.75 GB/s | Balaoli ba RAID ba maemo a holimo, likarete tsa marang-rang |
| PCIe x16 | 16 | 31.51 GB/s | Likarete tsa litšoantšo, litlhophiso tsa GPU tse ngata |
E. PCIe x32 Slot (Rare)
PCIe x32 slot ha e fumanehe haholo 'me e sebelisoa haholo ho li-computing tse sebetsang hantle haholo kapa li-server tsa khoebo tse hlokang bongata bo boholo ba bandwidth. E ts'ehetsa litselana tse fihlang ho tse 32, ka khopolo e fana ka 63.02 GB/s ho PCIe 4.0. Ka lebaka la ho haella ha eona, sekotjana sena hangata se fumanoa lits'ebetsong tse ikhethileng tse sebetsanang le mesebetsi e kang ts'ebetso ea setsi sa data le lipapiso tsa mahlale.
5.Liphetolelo tsa PCIe le Phapang ea Ts'ebetso
A. PCIe 1.0 ho ea ho PCIe 5.0
Tekanyetso ea PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) e fetohile haholo ho theosa le lilemo, 'me mofuta o mong le o mong o mocha o fana ka lintlafatso tse kholo ho bandwidth le litefiso tsa phetisetso ea data. Ka tlase ke karohano ea mefuta e atileng haholo ea PCIe le liphapang tsa bona tsa ts'ebetso:
PCIe 1.0: E lokollotsoe ka 2003, phetolelo ena e fana ka 250 MB / s ka tsela, e leng se etsang hore e lekane lisebelisoa tsa pele tse kang likarete tsa marang-rang le likarete tsa litšoantšo tsa mehleng ea pele.
PCIe 2.0: E hlahisitsoe ka 2007, e imenne habeli ho 500 MB / s ka tsela e 'ngoe, e fana ka ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa mahareng le li-GPU tsa lipapali.
PCIe 3.0: E lokollotsoe ka 2010, PCIe 3.0 e tlisitse keketseho e kholo ea lebelo, e fana ka ho fihla ho 984 MB / s ka tsela. Phetolelo ena e ile ea fetoha tekanyetso bakeng sa mesebetsi e mengata ea ts'ebetso e phahameng, joalo ka ho fana ka 3D, papali, le komporo e sebelisang data haholo.
PCIe 4.0: E qalile ka 2017, PCIe 4.0 e imenne habeli lebelo la pele ho eona, e fana ka 1969 MB / s ka tsela. Phetolelo ena e molemo haholo bakeng sa li-NVMe SSD, li-GPU tsa maemo a holimo, le mesebetsi e mengata ea AI.
PCIe 5.0: E tsebisitsoe ka 2019, mofuta ona o fana ka 3938 MB / s e makatsang ka tsela e 'ngoe, e ts'ehetsa mesebetsi e tsoetseng pele ea komporo joalo ka ho ithuta ka mochini, litsi tsa data tse sebetsang hantle, le lits'ebetso tsa seva.
| Phetolelo ea PCIe | Selemo sa tokollo | Bandwidth ka Lane | x16 Sekotjana Bandwidth |
| PCIe 1.0 | 2003 | 250 MB/s | 4.0 Gbps |
| PCIe 2.0 | 2007 | 500 MB/s | 8.0 GB/s |
| PCIe 3.0 | 2010 | 984 MB/s | 15.75 GB/s |
| PCIe 4.0 | 2017 | 1969 MB/s | 31.51 GB/s |
| PCIe 5.0 | 2019 | 3938 MB/s | 63.02 GB/s |
B. Bokamoso ba PCIe: PCIe 6.0 le Beyond
Bokamoso ba PCIe boa ts'episa, 'me PCIe 6.0 e lebelletsoe ho sutumelletsa litefiso tsa phetisetso ea data le ho feta, e ka fihlelang 8 GB/s ka lane. E reretsoe ho lokolloa haufinyane, PCIe 6.0 e ikemiselitse ho ts'ehetsa litlhoko tse ntseng li hola tsa komporo e sebetsang hantle haholo, bohlale ba maiketsetso le lits'ebetso tsa ho ithuta ka mochini. Ka tsoelo-pele e kang tokiso ea phoso ea pele (FEC) le pulsed amplitude modulation (PAM4), PCIe 6.0 e lebelletsoe ho ntlafatsa botšepehi ba data le ho fetisa katleho le ho feta.
Ha tlhoko ea komporo e potlakileng e ntse e hola, PCIe e ntse e le eona maemo a etelletseng pele bakeng sa katoloso ea li-slots ho li-desktops, li-server le litsi tsa data. Liphetolelo tsa nako e tlang tsa PCIe li kanna tsa shebana le ho phahamisa bandwidth ho ts'ehetsa mahlale a morao-rao a kang komporo ea quantum, AI e tsoetseng pele, le 'nete ea nnete.
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