He aha ngā wāhanga o tētahi rorohiko ahumahi?

He tūāpapa whakahaere me te tukatuka raraunga nui ngā rorohiko ahumahi i roto i te aunoatanga o ēnei rā. Ko te mārama ki te hanganga o tētahi rorohiko ahumahi tētahi o ngā huarahi pai ki te mārama ki tana mahi, he aha i noho pumau ai i roto i ngā taiao uaua, me te pehea e tautoko ai i ngā mahi ahumahi rerekē. I mua i te titiro ki ngā wāhanga, he mea nui kia mārama he aha te rorohiko ahumahi. Ko te rorohiko ahumahi he rorohiko i hangaia mō ngā taiao ahumahi me ngā kawenga mahi ahumahi. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā rorohiko tari noa, he mea hanga kia nui ake te pono, kia pai ake te pumau, kia kaha ake te urutau ki te taiao, me te whakauru ngāwari ki te whakahaere ahumahi, te aroturuki, me ngā mahi tukatuka raraunga. Koinei te take e whakamahia whānuitia ai ngā rorohiko ahumahi i roto i te hanga, te kawe waka, te pūngao, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te tirohanga mīhini, te aunoatanga, me ētahi atu mara ahumahi. Ehara i te mea he rorohiko whānui noa iho e whakanohoia ana ki ngā wheketere. He tūāpapa rorohiko kua tīpakohia kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga ahumahi pēnei i te mahi tonu, te urupare wā-tūturu, te whakawhānui atanga, me te pumau mō te wā roa. E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā wāhanga matua o tētahi rorohiko ahumahi, ā, e whakaatu ana i te tirohanga mārama ake mō te mahi tahi a aua wāhanga i roto i ngā tono ahumahi mahi.

Ko te wae tukatuka matua (CPU) te wāhanga matua o ngā rorohiko ahumahi. Koia te kawenga mō te whakahaere i ngā tohutohu me te tukatuka raraunga, ā, kei roto ko te wae arorau taunga (ALU), te wae whakahaere (CU), me ngā rēhita. He mea nui te mahi a te CPU me te mana tukatuka i roto i te mahi whānui o ngā rorohiko ahumahi. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi rorohiko ahumahi, kaua te CPU e aromatawaihia mā te whakatakotoranga mata anake. Me taurite hoki ki te kawenga mahi tuturu, pērā i te whakahaere aunoatanga, te tirohanga mīhini, te tātari taha, te aroturuki, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahumahi rānei. Mā te whiriwhiri CPU tika ka āwhina i te karo i te ngoikore o te mahi me te whirihoranga nui rawa atu kāore e tika.

Ko te Mahara Uru Matapōkere (RAM) he taputapu rokiroki rangitahi e whakamahia ana e ngā rorohiko ahumahi hei penapena raraunga me ngā kaupapa, e āhei ai te PTM ki te uru tere ki ngā raraunga me ngā tohutohu. Kua wehea te RAM ki te mahara matua me te mahara keteroki. Ko ngā momo mahara matua noa ko te Mahara Uru Matapōkere (RAM) me te Mahara Pānui-Anake (ROM). He mahi anō tā te mahara keteroki ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te urunga raraunga, i te mea e tautoko ana te mahara matua i te whakahaere kaupapa o ia rā. I roto i ngā kupu mahi, ka pā te mahara ki te maeneene o te whakahaere a te rorohiko ahumahi i ngā pūmanawa ahumahi, ngā taputapu tirohanga, me te tukatuka raraunga tonu.

He taputapu ngā puku mārō mō te rokiroki me te tiki raraunga mō te wā roa. Ko ngā rorohiko ahumahi e whakamahi ana i ngā puku totoka (SSD) me ngā puku mārō miihini (HDD). He nui te wāhi rokiroki mō ngā pūnaha whakahaere, ngā tono, ngā kōnae whirihoranga, me ngā raraunga. I roto i te maha o ngā kaupapa ahumahi, he pai ake ngā SSD nā te mea he tere ake te uru atu ki ngā raraunga, he tere ake te whakaara, me te ātete pai ake ki te ru i ngā puku miihini. Heoi, ka whakaarohia tonutia ngā HDD ina hiahiatia he kaha rokiroki nui ake me te utu iti ake. Me ōrite te kōwhiringa rokiroki ki te whakamahinga tūturu. Hei tauira, ko ngā pūnaha e whakahaere ana i ngā raraunga whakaahua, ngā rangitaki, ngā pātengi raraunga ā-rohe, ngā rekoata tukanga roa rānei, me hiahia pea ki ngā otinga rokiroki nui ake, roa ake hoki.

Ko ngā mokamoka whānui he atanga mō te hono me te tāuta i ngā kāri whānui. Ka taea e ngā mokamoka whānui te whakanui ake i te mahi me te mahinga o ngā rorohiko ahumahi, hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i ngā kāri whakairoiro, ngā kāri atanga whatunga, ngā kāri kohikohi raraunga, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā momo mokamoka whānui noa ko te PCI, te PCIe, me ētahi atu. Koinei tētahi o ngā rerekētanga nui i waenga i te maha o ngā rorohiko ahumahi me ngā rorohiko kaihoko noa. I roto i ngā kaupapa ahumahi, he mea nui te kaha ki te whakawhānui i tētahi pūnaha nā te mea ko ngā hiahia kaupapa ka uru atu ki ngā tauranga whatunga tāpiri, ngā kāri pahi mara, te tautoko GPU, ngā kāri tirohanga mīhini, ngā kōwae whakahaere ritenga rānei. He māmā ake te urutau ki tētahi rorohiko he kaha whakawhānui e tika ana ki ngā whakaritenga kaupapa e huri haere ana, ā, ka whakaiti pea i te hiahia mō te whakakapinga taputapu katoa i muri mai.

Mā ngā atanga tāuru me te tāputa ka taea e te rorohiko ahumahi te whakawhitiwhiti raraunga me te kōrero ki ngā taputapu o waho. He mea nui ēnei atanga mō te whakatinanatanga mahi nā te mea he onge te mahi takitahi o te rorohiko ahumahi. Kei roto i ngā atanga tāuru noa ngā papapātuhi, ngā kiore, ngā mata pa, ngā matawai, ngā pūoko, me ngā waeine hopu. Kei roto i ngā atanga tāputa noa ngā aroturuki, ngā pūreretā, ngā putanga oro, me ngā atanga whatunga. Ka taea hoki e ngā rorohiko ahumahi te whakarato i ngā tauranga raupapa, ngā tauranga USB, te HDMI, ngā tauranga LAN, te GPIO, me ētahi atu atanga whakawhitiwhiti ahumahi. Mā ēnei atanga ka taea e ngā PC ahumahi te taunekeneke pai me ngā kaiwhakahaere, ngā kaiwhakahaere, ngā pūoko, ngā whakaaturanga, me ngā pūnaha e karapoti ana. I roto i te maha o ngā tono ahumahi, ko te whiriwhiri atanga tētahi o ngā mea tino nui hei hoko. Me hono pea te rorohiko ki ngā PLC, ngā kāmera ahumahi, ngā taputapu tirotiro, ngā kaipānui waehere pae, ngā whakaaturanga, ngā taputapu whatunga, me ētahi atu taputapu whakahaere rānei. Mena kāore te tahora atanga e ōrite ki te whakaritenga whakatinanatanga, ahakoa he tūāpapa CPU kaha, ehara pea i te mea tika te kōwhiringa.

Mā te waeine hiko e whakarato te mana hiko e hiahiatia ana kia taea ai e te rorohiko ahumahi te whakahaere. I roto i ngā taiao ahumahi, he mea tino nui te kounga o te tuku hiko nā te mea ka pā pea te kore pumau o te ngaohiko, te haruru hiko, me te pokanoa ki te pono o te pūnaha. Ko te tikanga, me whai pūtake hiko pumau, pono hoki ngā rorohiko ahumahi hei āwhina i a rātou ki te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga hiko ahumahi me ngā huringa mahi roa. Ehara i te mea ko te tahuri noa i te rorohiko te mahi a te pūtake hiko pono. Ka āwhina i te tautoko i te mahi pumau, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā whakawetotanga rerekē, ā, ka whakapai ake i te pono o te pūnaha i roto i ngā taiao kei reira pea ngā huringa ngaohiko, ngā pokanoa hiko rānei.

Ko te pūnaha whakahaere te tūāpapa pūmanawa matua o te rorohiko ahumahi. Ka whakahaere i ngā rauemi taputapu me te tautoko i te whakahaerenga o ngā tono pūmanawa. Ko ngā pūnaha whakahaere noa mō ngā rorohiko ahumahi ko ngā pūnaha Windows kua whakauruhia, Linux, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere wā-tūturu.

• Tērā pea he rerekē ngā pūnaha whakahaere e hiahiatia ana mō ngā kaupapa ahumahi rerekē. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o Windows i roto i ngā tono ahumahi nā te mea he whānui te hototahi o ngā pūmanawa, he atanga kaiwhakamahi mōhio, me te tautoko i ngā mahi aroturuki, whakahaere, atanga tangata-mīhini, kohikohi raraunga, me te tukatuka.
• E whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki a Linux i roto i ngā rorohiko ahumahi nā te mea he pūmanawa tuwhera, he pumau, he ngāwari, ā, he pai mō ngā tono e hiahia ana kia whakaritea me te pono. He mea noa i roto i ngā pūnaha tāmau, te aunoatanga ahumahi, me ngā tūāpapa e pā ana ki te whatunga.

Tērā pea ka whakamahia e ētahi tono ahumahi a Kylin, ngā pūnaha whakahaere kua whakaritea rānei, inā koa he mea nui te rohe, ngā whakaritenga haumarutanga, ngā taiao pūmanawa motuhake rānei mō te kaupapa. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, kaua te pūnaha whakahaere e whakaarohia he kōwhiringa pūmanawa motuhake. Me whiriwhiri tahi me te taputapu, ngā atanga, ngā whakaritenga tono, me ngā whāinga whakatinanatanga kaupapa.

Ka hangaia ngātahitia ngā wāhanga o te rorohiko ahumahi hei tūāpapa rorohiko pumau, whai hua hoki mō te aunoatanga ahumahi me te tukatuka raraunga ahumahi. Mā te mārama hohonu ki ēnei wāhanga ka āwhina i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te mārama ake ki te mahi a ngā rorohiko ahumahi me te take e tika ai mō ngā taiao uaua. I taua wā anō, kaua ngā wāhanga o te rorohiko ahumahi e tirohia hei rārangi arowhai taputapu noa iho. E whakaata ana i ngā whakaritenga whānui o te rorohiko ahumahi: te pono, te urupare wā-tūturu, te kaha ki te tauine, te ngāwari o te tiaki, me te urutau ki te whakatinanatanga. I te aromatawai i tētahi rorohiko ahumahi, me titiro ngā kaihoko ki tua atu i te rārangi whakatakotoranga me te whakaaro me pēhea te tautoko a ia wāhanga i te taiao tono tūturu. Koinei te kī ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi tūāpapa e kore e kaha noa i runga i te pepa, engari he whai hua hoki i roto i te whakamahinga ahumahi mō te wā roa.

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