Yiziphi Izingxenye Zekhompyutha Yezimboni?

Amakhompyutha ezimboni ayizinkundla ezibalulekile zokulawula nokucubungula idatha ezenzakalelayo zanamuhla. Ukuqonda isakhiwo sekhompyutha yezimboni kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani, ukuthi kungani ihlala izinzile ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu, nokuthi isekela kanjani imisebenzi ehlukene yezimboni. Ngaphambi kokubheka izingxenye ngokwazo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi iyini ngempela ikhompyutha yezimboni. Ikhompyutha yezimboni iyikhompyutha eyenzelwe izindawo zezimboni kanye nemithwalo yemisebenzi yezimboni. Uma iqhathaniswa namakhompyutha avamile asehhovisi, ngokuvamile yakhelwe ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukuzinza okungcono, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwemvelo okuqinile, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okulula nemisebenzi yokulawula yezimboni, ukuqapha, kanye nokucubungula idatha. Yingakho amakhompyutha ezimboni esetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni, ezokuthutha, amandla, ukuxhumana, umbono womshini, ukuzenzekela, kanye neminye imikhakha yezimboni. Akuwona nje amakhompyutha ajwayelekile abekwe emafektri. Ayizinkundla zokubala ezikhethiwe ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zezimboni ezifana nokusebenza okuqhubekayo, impendulo yesikhathi sangempela, ukunwetshwa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo, kanye nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside. Lesi sihloko sichaza izingxenye eziyinhloko zekhompyutha yezimboni futhi sinikeza umbono ocacile wokuthi lezo zingxenye zisebenza kanjani ndawonye ezicelweni zezimboni ezisebenzayo.

Iyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi (i-CPU) iyisici esiyinhloko samakhompyutha ezimboni. Inesibopho sokwenza imiyalelo nokucubungula idatha futhi ifaka phakathi iyunithi ye-arithmetic logic (ALU), iyunithi yokulawula (i-CU), kanye namarejista. Amandla okusebenza kwe-CPU kanye nokucubungula adlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwamakhompyutha ezimboni. Lapho ukhetha ikhompyutha yezimboni, i-CPU akufanele yahlulelwe kuphela ngokucaciswa okuluhlaza. Kufanele futhi ihambisane nomsebenzi wangempela, njengokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, umbono womshini, ukuhlaziywa komkhawulo, ukuqapha, noma ukuxhumana kwezimboni. Ukukhetha i-CPU efanele kusiza ukugwema kokubili ukusebenza okungafanele kanye nokulungiselelwa ngokweqile okungadingekile.

I-Random Access Memory (RAM) iyidivayisi yokugcina yesikhashana esetshenziswa amakhompyutha ezimboni ukugcina idatha nezinhlelo, okuvumela i-CPU ukuthi ifinyelele idatha nemiyalelo ngokushesha. I-RAM ihlukaniswe ngememori eyinhloko kanye nememori ye-cache. Izinhlobo ezivamile zememori eyinhloko yi-Random Access Memory (RAM) kanye ne-Read-Only Memory (ROM). I-cache memory nayo idlala indima ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokufinyelela idatha, kuyilapho imemori eyinhloko isekela ukwenziwa kohlelo lwansuku zonke. Ngamagama angokoqobo, inkumbulo ithinta indlela ikhompyutha yezimboni engayiphatha kahle ngayo isofthiwe yezimboni, amathuluzi okubuka, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwedatha okuqhubekayo.

Ama-hard disk drive ayizinto zokugcina idatha isikhathi eside kanye nokubuyisa idatha. Amakhompyutha ezimboni ngokuvamile asebenzisa ama-solid-state drive (ama-SSD) noma ama-mechanical hard disk drive (ama-HDD). Anikeza indawo yokugcina eyanele yezinhlelo zokusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza, amafayela okucushwa, kanye nedatha. Emaphrojekthini amaningi ezimboni, ama-SSD ayathandwa ngoba avame ukunikeza ukufinyelela kwedatha okusheshayo, isivinini sokuqalisa esisheshayo, kanye nokumelana okungcono nokushaqeka uma kuqhathaniswa nama-mechanical drive. Kodwa-ke, ama-HDD angase abhekwe lapho kudingeka khona umthamo omkhulu wesitoreji ngezindleko eziphansi. Ukukhetha isitoreji kufanele kuhambisane nesimo sokusetshenziswa kwangempela. Isibonelo, izinhlelo ezisingatha idatha yesithombe, amalogi, izizindalwazi zasendaweni, noma amarekhodi enqubo yesikhathi eside zingadinga izixazululo zokugcina ezinkulu nezihlala isikhathi eside.

Izikhala zokunweba ziyizixhumi zokuxhuma nokufaka amakhadi ahlukahlukene okunweba. Izikhala zokunweba zingakhulisa ukusebenza nokusebenza kwamakhompyutha ezimboni, isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa amakhadi ehluzo, amakhadi esixhumi senethiwekhi, amakhadi okuthola idatha, njll. Izinhlobo ezivamile zezikhala zokunweba zifaka phakathi i-PCI, i-PCIe, njll. Lona omunye wemehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamakhompyutha amaningi ezimboni namakhompyutha avamile abathengi. Emaphrojekthini ezimboni, ikhono lokukhulisa uhlelo livame ukuba bucayi ngoba izidingo zephrojekthi zingafaka amachweba enethiwekhi engeziwe, amakhadi e-fieldbus, ukwesekwa kwe-GPU, amakhadi ombono womshini, noma amamojula okulawula enziwe ngokwezifiso. Ikhompyutha enekhono lokunweba elifanele kulula ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zephrojekthi ezishintshayo futhi inganciphisa isidingo sokushintsha ngokuphelele ihadiwe kamuva.

Izixhumi zokufaka nokukhipha zivumela ikhompyutha yezimboni ukushintshanisa idatha nokuxhumana namadivayisi angaphandle. Lezi zixhumi zokufaka zibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo ngoba ukubala kwezimboni akuvamile ukwenzeka zodwa. Izixhumi zokufaka ezivamile zifaka amakhibhodi, amagundane, izikrini zokuthinta isikrini, izikena, izinzwa, namamojula okuthola. Izixhumi zokufaka ezivamile zifaka ama-monitor, amaphrinta, okuphumayo komsindo, kanye nezixhumi zokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi. Amakhompyutha ezimboni angaphinde ahlinzeke ngamachweba ochungechunge, amachweba e-USB, amachweba e-HDMI, amachweba e-LAN, i-GPIO, kanye nezinye izixhumi zokuxhumana zezimboni. Lezi zixhumi zokuxhumeka zivumela ama-PC ezimboni ukuthi asebenzisane kahle nabaqhubi, abalawuli, izinzwa, izibonisi, kanye nezinhlelo ezizungezile. Ezinhlelweni eziningi zezimboni, ukukhetha isixhumi sokuxhumeka kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthenga. Ikhompyutha ingadinga ukuxhuma kuma-PLC, amakhamera ezimboni, amathuluzi okuhlola, abafundi bebhakhodi, izibonisi, imishini yenethiwekhi, noma enye ihadiwe yokulawula. Uma ukwakheka kwesixhumi sokuxhumeka kungahambisani nesidingo sokuthunyelwa, ngisho nepulatifomu enamandla ye-CPU kungenzeka ingabi ukukhetha okufanele.

Iyunithi yokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi inikeza amandla kagesi adingekayo ukuze ikhompyutha yezimboni isebenze. Ezindaweni zezimboni, ikhwalithi yokulethwa kwamandla ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukungazinzile kwamandla kagesi, umsindo kagesi, kanye nokuphazamiseka kungathinta ukuthembeka kohlelo. Amakhompyutha ezimboni ngokuvamile adinga ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile nokuthembekile ukuze awasize azivumelanise nezimo zamandla ezimboni kanye nemijikelezo yokusebenza emide. Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuthembekile kwenza okungaphezu nje kokuvula ikhompyutha. Kusiza ukusekela ukusebenza okuzinzile, kunciphisa ingozi yokuvalwa okungavamile, futhi kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kohlelo ezindaweni lapho kungase kube nokushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi noma ukuphazamiseka kwamandla kagesi.

Uhlelo lokusebenza luyipulatifomu yesofthiwe eyinhloko yekhompyutha yezimboni. Luphatha izinsiza zehadiwe futhi lusekela ukwenziwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile zamakhompyutha ezimboni zifaka phakathi izinhlelo ze-Windows ezifakiwe, i-Linux, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela.

• Amaphrojekthi ezimboni ahlukene angadinga izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene. I-Windows isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zezimboni ngoba inikeza ukuhambisana okubanzi kwesofthiwe, isikhombikubona somsebenzisi esijwayelekile, kanye nokusekelwa kokuqapha, ukulawula, isikhombikubona somuntu nomshini, ukutholwa kwedatha, kanye nemisebenzi yokucubungula.
• I-Linux isetshenziswa kabanzi ekusetshenzisweni kwekhompyutha yezimboni ngoba ivulekile, izinzile, iyaguquguquka, futhi ifaneleka kahle ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso nokuthembeka. Ivamile ezinhlelweni ezifakiwe, ukuzenzekela kwezimboni, kanye namapulatifomu ahlobene nenethiwekhi.

Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni zingasebenzisa i-Kylin noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, ikakhulukazi lapho ukwenziwa kwendawo, izidingo zokuphepha, noma izindawo zesofthiwe ezithile zephrojekthi kubalulekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza akufanele luphathwe njengokukhetha kwesofthiwe okuhlukile. Kufanele lukhethwe kanye nehadiwe, izixhumi, izidingo zohlelo lokusebenza, kanye nemigomo yokusetshenziswa kwephrojekthi.

Izingxenye zekhompyutha yezimboni ndawonye zakha ipulatifomu yokubala ezinzile nesebenzayo yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwezimboni kanye nokucutshungulwa kwedatha yezimboni. Ukuqonda okujulile kwalezi zingxenye kusiza abasebenzisi ukuthi baqonde kangcono ukuthi amakhompyutha ezimboni asebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani efanelekela izindawo ezidinga kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingxenye zekhompyutha yezimboni akufanele zibhekwe njengohlu lokuhlola lwehadiwe olulula kuphela. Zibonisa izidingo ezibanzi zekhompyutha yezimboni: ukuthembeka, impendulo yesikhathi sangempela, ukukhuliswa, ukulula kokugcinwa, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nokusetshenziswa. Lapho behlola ikhompyutha yezimboni, abathengi kufanele babheke ngale kohlu lwezincazelo futhi bacabangele ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye isekela kanjani indawo yangempela yohlelo lokusebenza. Leso yisihluthulelo sokukhetha ipulatifomu enamandla hhayi nje ephepheni, kodwa futhi esebenza kahle ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni isikhathi eside.

Funda kabanzi ngemikhiqizo yethu:

I-PC ye-Industrial Rackmount
Ikhompyutha Yokufaka I-Rack engu-1U
I-PC Ehlanganisiwe Encane
Ikhompyutha Yokufaka I-Rack engu-2U
I-Laptop Yezempi Iyathengiswa