Ziziphi izinto eziyinxalenye yeKhompyutha yoShishino?

Iikhompyutha zoshishino ziindawo ezibalulekileyo zokulawula nokucubungula idatha kwi-automation yanamhlanje. Ukuqonda ulwakhiwo lwekhompyutha yezimboni yenye yezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo, isizathu sokuba ihlale izinzile kwiindawo ezifuna kakhulu, kunye nendlela exhasa ngayo imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yezimboni. Ngaphambi kokuba ujonge iindawo ngokwazo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ikhompyutha yezimboni. Ikhompyutha yezimboni yikhompyutha eyenzelwe iindawo zezimboni kunye nemisebenzi yemizi-mveliso. Xa kuthelekiswa neekhompyutha zeofisi eziqhelekileyo, zihlala zakhelwe ukuthembeka okuphezulu, uzinzo olungcono, ukulungelelaniswa okunamandla kokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa okulula nolawulo lwemizi-mveliso, ukubeka esweni, kunye nemisebenzi yokucubungula idatha. Yingakho iikhompyutha zemizi-mveliso zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso, uthutho, amandla, unxibelelwano, umbono womatshini, i-automation, kunye neminye imimandla yemizi-mveliso. Azizo nje iikhompyutha ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo eziqhelekileyo ezibekwe kwimizi-mveliso. Ziindawo zekhompyutha ezikhethiweyo ukuze zihambelane neemfuno zoshishino ezifana nokusebenza okuqhubekayo, impendulo yexesha langempela, ukwandiswa kojongano, kunye nokuzinza kwexesha elide. Eli nqaku lichaza izinto eziphambili zekhompyutha yemizi-mveliso kwaye linika umbono ocacileyo wendlela ezo ndawo ezisebenza ngayo kunye kwizicelo zoshishino ezisebenzayo.

Iyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi (i-CPU) yeyona nto iphambili kwiikhompyutha zoshishino. Inoxanduva lokusebenzisa imiyalelo kunye nokucubungula idatha kwaye ibandakanya iyunithi ye-arithmetic logic (ALU), iyunithi yokulawula (i-CU), kunye neerejista. Amandla okusebenza kunye nokucubungula kwe-CPU adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kweekhompyutha zoshishino. Xa ukhetha ikhompyutha zoshishino, i-CPU akufuneki igwetywe kuphela ngokweenkcukacha eziluhlaza. Kufuneka ihambelane nomsebenzi wokwenyani, njengolawulo oluzenzekelayo, umbono womatshini, uhlalutyo lomda, ukubeka esweni, okanye unxibelelwano lwezoshishino. Ukukhetha i-CPU efanelekileyo kunceda ukuthintela ukusebenza kakubi kunye nokugqithisa okungafunekiyo.

I-Random Access Memory (RAM) sisixhobo sokugcina ixeshana esisetyenziswa ziikhompyutha zoshishino ukugcina idatha kunye neenkqubo, sivumela i-CPU ukuba ifikelele idatha kunye nemiyalelo ngokukhawuleza. I-RAM yahlulwe yaba yimemori ephambili kunye nememori ye-cache. Iintlobo zememori eziphambili eziqhelekileyo yi-Random Access Memory (RAM) kunye ne-Read-Only Memory (ROM). I-cache memory ikwadlala indima ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kokufikelela kwedatha, ngelixa imemori ephambili ixhasa ukwenziwa kwenkqubo yemihla ngemihla. Ngokwendlela esebenzayo, imemori ichaphazela indlela ikhompyutha yezimboni ekwaziyo ukuphatha kakuhle ngayo isoftware yezoshishino, izixhobo zokubonisa, kunye nokuqhubekeka kokucubungula idatha.

Ii-hard disk drives zizixhobo zokugcina idatha ixesha elide. Iikhompyutha zoshishino zihlala zisebenzisa ii-solid-state drives (ii-SSD) okanye ii-mechanical hard disk drives (ii-HDD). Zibonelela ngendawo yokugcina eyaneleyo yeenkqubo zokusebenza, usetyenziso, iifayile zoqwalaselo, kunye nedatha. Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zoshishino, ii-SSD ziyathandwa kuba zihlala zibonelela ngokufikelela kwedatha ngokukhawuleza, isantya sokuqalisa esikhawulezayo, kunye nokumelana okungcono nokutsha xa kuthelekiswa nee-mechanical drives. Nangona kunjalo, ii-HDD zisenokuqwalaselwa apho kufuneka khona amandla amakhulu okugcina ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ukukhetha indawo yokugcina kufuneka kuhambelane nemeko yokusetyenziswa yokwenyani. Umzekelo, iinkqubo ezisingatha idatha yemifanekiso, iilog, iidathabheyisi zasekuhlaleni, okanye iirekhodi zenkqubo yexesha elide zinokufuna izisombululo zokugcina ezinkulu nezihlala ixesha elide.

Ii-expansion slots zii-interfaces zokudibanisa nokufaka amakhadi okwandisa ahlukeneyo. Ii-expansion slots zinokunyusa ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kweekhompyutha zoshishino, umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa amakhadi emizobo, amakhadi ojongano lwenethiwekhi, amakhadi okufumana idatha, njl. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ze-expansion slots ziquka i-PCI, i-PCIe, njl. Olu lolunye lomahluko omkhulu phakathi kweekhompyutha ezininzi zoshishino kunye neekhompyutha eziqhelekileyo zabathengi. Kwiiprojekthi zoshishino, ukukwazi ukwandisa inkqubo kudla ngokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kuba iimfuno zeprojekthi zinokubandakanya iiports ezongezelelweyo zenethiwekhi, amakhadi e-fieldbus, inkxaso ye-GPU, amakhadi ombono womatshini, okanye iimodyuli zolawulo ezenzelwe wena. Ikhompyutha enomthamo wokwandisa ofanelekileyo kulula ukuyiqhelanisa neemfuno zeprojekthi ezitshintshayo kwaye inokunciphisa isidingo sokutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo kwehardware kamva.

Ii-interface zokufaka kunye nezokukhupha zivumela ikhompyutha yemizi-mveliso ukuba itshintshiselane ngedatha kwaye inxibelelane nezixhobo zangaphandle. Ezi-interface zibalulekile ekusetyenzisweni okusebenzayo kuba i-computing yemizi-mveliso ayifane yenzeke yodwa. Ii-interface zokufaka eziqhelekileyo ziquka iikhibhodi, iimpuku, ii-touchscreens, ii-scanners, ii-sensors, kunye neemodyuli zokufumana. Ii-interface zokukhupha eziqhelekileyo ziquka ii-monitors, iiprinta, iziphumo zeaudio, kunye nee-interfaces zenethiwekhi. Iikhompyutha zemizi-mveliso zinokubonelela ngee-ports ze-serial, ii-ports ze-USB, i-HDMI, ii-ports ze-LAN, i-GPIO, kunye nezinye ii-interfaces zonxibelelwano lwemizi-mveliso. Ezi-interfaces zivumela ii-PC zemizi-mveliso ukuba zisebenzisane ngokufanelekileyo nabaqhubi, abalawuli, ii-sensors, ii-displays, kunye neenkqubo ezingqongileyo. Kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso, ukukhetha i-interface yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuthenga. Ikhompyutha inokufuna ukuqhagamshela kwi-PLCs, iikhamera zemizi-mveliso, izixhobo zokuhlola, abafundi beebhakhowudi, ii-displays, izixhobo zenethiwekhi, okanye ezinye izixhobo zokulawula. Ukuba uyilo lwe-interface aluhambelani nemfuneko yokuthunyelwa, nokuba yiplatifomu enamandla ye-CPU isenokungabi lukhetho olufanelekileyo.

Iyunithi yombane inika amandla ombane afunekayo ukuze ikhompyutha yemizi-mveliso isebenze. Kwiindawo zoshishino, umgangatho wokuhanjiswa kwamandla ubaluleke kakhulu kuba ukungazinzi kwamandla ombane, ingxolo yombane, kunye nokuphazamiseka kunokuchaphazela ukuthembeka kwenkqubo. Iikhompyutha zoshishino zihlala zifuna umbane ozinzileyo nothembekileyo ukuzinceda zilungele iimeko zamandla zoshishino kunye nemijikelo yokusebenza emide. Umbane othembekileyo wenza okungaphezulu kokuvula nje ikhompyutha. Unceda ukuxhasa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, unciphisa umngcipheko wokuvalwa okungaqhelekanga, kwaye uphucula ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kwiindawo apho kukho ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane okanye ukuphazamiseka kwamandla ombane.

Inkqubo yokusebenza yeyona platform yesoftware ephambili kwikhompyutha yemizi-mveliso. Ilawula izixhobo zehardware kwaye ixhasa ukwenziwa kwezicelo zesoftware. Iinkqubo zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo kwiikhompyutha zemizi-mveliso ziquka iinkqubo zeWindows ezifakwe ngaphakathi, iLinux, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zexesha langempela.

• Iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zoshishino zinokufuna iinkqubo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo. IWindows isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zoshishino kuba inika ukuhambelana okubanzi kwesoftware, ujongano lomsebenzisi oluqhelekileyo, kunye nenkxaso yokubeka esweni, ukulawula, ujongano lomntu nomatshini, ukufunyanwa kwedatha, kunye nemisebenzi yokucubungula.
• I-Linux ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwikhompyutha yemizi-mveliso kuba ivulelekile, izinzile, iguquguqukayo, kwaye ifanelekile kwizicelo ezifuna ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso nokuthembeka. Ixhaphakile kwiinkqubo ezifakiweyo, ukuzenzekela kwemizi-mveliso, kunye namaqonga anxulumene nenethiwekhi.

Ezinye izicelo zoshishino zingasebenzisa iKylin okanye iinkqubo zokusebenza ezenzelwe wena, ingakumbi apho ukwenziwa kwendawo, iimfuno zokhuseleko, okanye iindawo zesoftware ethile kwiprojekthi zibalulekile. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yokusebenza akufanele ithathwe njengokhetho lwesoftware oluzimeleyo. Kufuneka ikhethwe kunye nehardware, ii-interfaces, iimfuno zesicelo, kunye neenjongo zokusasazwa kweprojekthi.

Izinto ezikwikhompyutha yemizi-mveliso xa zidibene zenza iqonga lekhompyutha elizinzileyo nelisebenzayo lokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kwimizi-mveliso kunye nokucutshungulwa kwedatha yemizi-mveliso. Ukuqonda okunzulu kwezi zinto kunceda abasebenzisi baqonde ngcono indlela ezisebenza ngayo iikhompyutha zemizi-mveliso kunye nokuba kutheni zifanelekile kwiindawo ezifuna kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, iindawo zekhompyutha yemizi-mveliso akufuneki zijongwe njengoluhlu lokuhlola olulula lwezixhobo. Zibonisa iimfuno ezibanzi zekhompyutha yemizi-mveliso: ukuthembeka, impendulo yexesha langempela, ukuguquguquka, ukulula kokugcinwa, kunye nokuzivumelanisa nokufakwa. Xa kuvavanywa ikhompyutha yemizi-mveliso, abathengi kufuneka bajonge ngaphaya koluhlu lweenkcazo kwaye baqwalasele indlela icandelo ngalinye elixhasa ngayo imeko yokwenyani yesicelo. Eso sisitshixo sokukhetha iqonga elingagcini nje ngokuba namandla ephepheni, kodwa elisebenza nakwixesha elide lokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso.

Funda ngakumbi malunga neemveliso zethu:

Ikhompyutha yeRackmount yeShishini
Ikhompyutha ye-1U Rack-Mount
I-PC encinci efakwe kwi-PC
Ikhompyutha yokuFakela iRack ye-2U
ILaptop yoMkhosi iyathengiswa