Modbus kuri RS485: Isesengura ryimbitse n'Ubuyobozi bw'Ishyirwa mu Bikorwa

Urwego rw'imikorere y'inganda mu buryo bwikora ruhora rutera imbere, kandi mu mutima w'itumanaho ryiza muri sisitemu y'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga hari protocole ikomeye ya Modbus ugereranyije na RS485. Iyi protocole y'itumanaho imaze igihe kirekire, ikaba ingenzi mu itumanaho rigendanye neza hagati y'ibikoresho bitandukanye.

Yakozwe bwa mbere mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1970 na Modicon (ubu ni Schneider Electric), Modbus yagenewe gutuma habaho itumanaho rihoraho ry'amakuru muri sisitemu zikora. Kuyihuza n'ibipimo ngenderwaho bya RS485 byatumye inganda zigira uburyo bwizewe kandi bunoze bwo gutumanaho hagati y'ibikoresho.

Iyi mfashanyigisho igamije guha inzobere mu bijyanye no kugenzura inganda ubumenyi buhambaye bwa Modbus kuri RS485. Tuzasesengura ibice byayo, imiterere yayo, n'ikoreshwa ryayo mu buryo bufatika, dushimangira akamaro kayo karambye mu miterere y'ikoranabuhanga muri iki gihe.

Urufunguzo rwo gufata

1. Sobanukirwa neza amahame y'ibanze ya RS485 na Modbus.
2. Menya ibyiza byo gukoresha Modbus ugereranyije na RS485 mu buryo bwikora mu nganda.
3. Kubona ubumenyi ku bijyanye no guhangana n'ibibazo bisanzwe bihura na byo mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa.
4. Gereranya Modbus kuri RS485 n'izindi porogaramu z'itumanaho.
5. Suzuma ikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika n'amahirwe y'ejo hazaza ya Modbus ukoresheje RS485.
6. 
   

RS485 ni iki?

7. Igipimo cya RS485 ni protocole yubahwa cyane mu itumanaho rikurikiranye, igamije kohereza amakuru mu ntera ndende neza. Amahame shingiro ya RS485 ashingiye ku kwerekana ibimenyetso bitandukanye, uburyo bwongera cyane ubudahangarwa bw'urusaku. Mu gukoresha ibimenyetso bitandukanye mu kohereza ibimenyetso, RS485 ishobora kugabanya ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara mu nganda.
   
   
8. Kimwe mu bintu bidasanzwe by’ihame rya RS485 ni uko rifite imiterere ya kabiri. Muri sisitemu ya kabiri, kohereza amakuru bishobora kubaho mu byerekezo byombi, ariko ntibibe icyarimwe. Uku guhuza amakuru gutuma amakuru agaragara neza kandi bikarinda guhurirana kw’amakuru, cyane cyane mu buryo bugoye.
   
   
9. RS485 ni kimwe no gutumanaho kure. Ishobora gukomeza kohereza amakuru neza mu ntera ya metero zigera kuri 1200, bigatuma iba ingirakamaro mu bikorwa binini aho andi mahame y’itumanaho agoramye.
   
   

Ikiranga	Ibisobanuro
Igipimo cya RS485	Porogaramu y'imikorere y'intera ndende yizewe itumanaho rikurikiranye.
Ibimenyetso bitandukanya	Iterambere ubudahangarwa bw'urusaku, ni ngombwa cyane mu nganda.
Igice cya kabiri cy'inyuma	Yemerera kohereza amakuru mu cyerekezo kimwe ariko ntabwo icyarimwe.
Ubudahangarwa bw'urusaku	Bigabanya ukwivanga kw'amakuru, bikanatuma amakuru aba meza.
Itumanaho ry'Intera Ndende	Ifite ingaruka nziza kohereza amakuru mu ntera ndende.

10. Muri make, igipimo cya RS485 ni igisubizo gikomeye ku itumanaho rikorerwa kure, kikaba cyiza mu kurinda urusaku no gutanga serivisi yizewe mu nganda zikenera cyane.
    
    

Protocole ya Modbus ni iki?

11. Porotokole ya modbus ni porotokole y'itumanaho ikoreshwa cyane yagenewe ibikoresho by'inganda. Yashinzwe na Modicon mu 1979, iyi porotokole ituma ibikoresho bitandukanye by'ikoranabuhanga bishobora gutumanaho neza mu muyoboro w'itumanaho, hatitawe ku tandukaniro ry'abakora.
    
    
12. Ikintu cy'ingenzi muri protocole ya modbus ni imiterere yayo ya master-slave. Muri ubu buryo, igikoresho gikomeye kigenzura umuyoboro, cyohereza amabwiriza kuri kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu bikoresho by’abacakara kandi kikakira amakuru. Buri mucakara ashobora gusubiza gusa amabwiriza ya master, bigatuma habaho guhanahana amakuru no guhuza neza.
    
    
13. Porotokole ya modbus ishyigikira ubwoko bubiri bw'ibanze: modbus RTU na modbus ASCII. Modbus RTU ishyiraho amakuru mu buryo bwa binary, ibyo bikaba byongera umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru kandi bikagabanya gutinda. Ku rundi ruhande, modbus ASCII ikoresha inyandiko isanzwe mu gukusanya amakuru, bigatuma byoroha kuyasoma no kuyakosora ariko akenshi igenda buhoro kurusha modbus RTU.
    
    
14. Iyi porotokoli y'itumanaho ifite uburyo bwinshi yemerwa cyane mu buryo butandukanye bwo kugenzura inganda. Uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyishyiraho no kuyibungabunga, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kuyihuza n'ibikoresho byinshi, byatumye iba uburyo busanzwe bwo gutumanaho mu nganda kuva ku nganda kugeza ku gucunga ingufu.

15. 
    

Modbus RS-485 ni iki?

Guhuza protocole ya Modbus na RS485 physical layer bitanga imiterere myiza y'itumanaho izwi nka Modbus RS-485. Uku guhuza gukoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu zo kugenzura inganda, hifashishijwe imbaraga z'ikoranabuhanga zombi mu kunoza ihererekanyamakuru no kwizerana kwa sisitemu.

Ubwiza bwa RS485 buri mu miterere yayo ya interineti ifite amadomo menshi, ituma ibikoresho byinshi bishobora guhuzwa kuri bisi imwe. Iyi miterere ni nziza kuri protocole ya Modbus, ituma habaho itumanaho ryoroshye hagati y’ibikoresho byinshi nta mbogamizi zo gushyiraho master-slave. Mu gushyigikira nodes zigera kuri 32 ku gice kimwe cy’umuyoboro, Modbus RS-485 ikora neza kandi ikanahindura uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y’inganda.

Kimwe mu bintu bidasanzwe bya Modbus kurusha RS485 ni uburyo bwayo bukomeye bwo kubona amakosa. Iyi protocole igenzura ubuziranenge bw'amakuru binyuze mu ngamba zitandukanye nko kugenzura ubusumbane no kugenzura ubusumbane bw'amakuru (CRC). Ubu buryo bwo kubona amakosa ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga itumanaho ryizewe mu bidukikije bishobora gutera urusaku rw'amashanyarazi n'ibindi bibazo.

Ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi cya Modbus RS-485 ni uguhagarika bisi. Guhagarika neza bitanga ubuziranenge bw'ikimenyetso binyuze mu gukumira ko ibimenyetso bishobora guhindura uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru. Ubusanzwe, resistor zo guhagarika zishyirwa ku mpera za bisi ya RS485 kugira ngo zihuze n'aho insinga zihagarara, bityo bikongera imikorere rusange y'umuyoboro wa Modbus.

Muri make, Modbus RS-485 ihuza protocole ikomeye ya Modbus n'urwego rufatika rwa RS485, ishyiraho igisubizo cyizewe kandi cyiza cy'itumanaho ku bikorwa byo kugenzura inganda. Inkunga yayo mu gushyiraho uburyo bwo gupima amadomo menshi, uburyo bwo gutahura amakosa, no guhagarika bisi bikenewe bigaragaza akamaro kayo mu kunoza imikorere n'ubuziranenge bwa sisitemu.

Ubukanishi bwa Modbus kuri RS485

Itumanaho hagati y’ibikoresho bya modbus master na modbus slave mu muyoboro wa RS485 rikubiyemo protocole irambuye kugira ngo habeho ihererekanya ry’amakuru rinoze. Ipfundo ry’iri tumanaho riri mu buryo bw’amakuru, butwara amakuru akurikije imiterere y’amakuru kuva kuri master kugeza kuri slave ndetse n’andi makuru.

Uduce dusanzwe tw’amakuru muri Modbus tugizwe n’ibice byinshi by’ingenzi: aderesi y’igikoresho, kode y’imikorere, amakuru, n’igenzura rya crc. Aderesi y’igikoresho igaragaza uwagenewe, mu gihe kode y’imikorere igaragaza igikorwa kigomba gukorwa. Amakuru akubiyemo amakuru akenewe kuri icyo gikorwa, kandi CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) igenzura ubuziranenge bw’amakuru ibona amakosa mu gihe cyo kohereza amakuru.

Igenzura rya crc ni ingenzi cyane mu kubona amakosa. Aka gaciro ka byte ebyiri kongewe ku mpera y'amakuru gatuma ibikoresho bigenzura ukuri kw'amakuru yakiriwe, bikongera icyizere cy'itumanaho.

Ibisabwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa Modbus RS485 birimo umuyoboro w’uruhererekane kuri buri gikoresho hamwe n’insinga zikwiye zo guhuza umuyoboro. Porogaramu y’itumanaho ku gikoresho cya master na slave icunga iri tumanaho, igenzura ko amaframe y’amakuru yakozwe neza, yoherejwe, kandi yakirwa neza.

Dore isesengura rirambuye ry'imiterere y'amakuru ya Modbus RS485:

Gushyira mu bikorwa Modbus kuri RS485 neza bisaba gusobanukirwa neza ibi bice n'inshingano zabyo muri protocole stack. Guhuza ibikoresho na porogaramu bituma habaho itumanaho ritagorana, bigatuma Modbus kuri RS485 iba igisubizo gikomeye ku bikorwa by'inganda.

Kuki wahitamo Modbus kuruta RS485?

Ingendo Ziri Kuzamuka n'Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza