Ni iyihe ihamye kurusha iyindi, mudasobwa zo mu nganda cyangwa seriveri?

Mudasobwa zo mu nganda zagenewe kwizerwa mu bintu bigoye. Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ikoranabuhanga, zubatswe zifite uburinzi bukomeye bw'inyubako, zishyigikira ubushyuhe bwinshi mu mikorere, zirwanya ivumbi n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere, kandi zikagira ubushobozi bworoshye bwo guhuza ibikoresho n'inganda.
Mu nganda nyinshi, mudasobwa iba ishyizwe hafi ya porogaramu ubwayo aho kuba mu cyumba kirinzwe na seriveri. Ibi bivuze ko ibikoresho bishobora guhura n'ihindagurika rihoraho riturutse ku mashini, ivumbi ryo mu kirere, imiterere y'ingufu idahindagurika, cyangwa ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Muri ibi bihe, kwihutisha ibidukikije biba kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu gutuma ibintu bihora bihagaze neza.
Aha niho mudasobwa zo mu nganda zifite inyungu igaragara. Igishushanyo cyazo cyibanda ku mikorere ihamye mu gihe cy’ingufu nyazo, atari ugutanga gusa ubucucike bwinshi bwa mudasobwa mu buryo bwiza bwo mu nzu. Urugero, mu nganda, ubwikorezi, ingufu, n’imishinga yo kugenzura imipaka, mudasobwa zo mu nganda akenshi ziba zitezweho gukora amasaha menshi nta guhagarara cyane kandi inshuro nke zo kuzibungabunga. Ku mishinga isaba ko ikoreshwa neza mu mipaka, abaguzi benshi babanza kugereranya ubwoko butandukanye bwa mudasobwa zo mu nganda zishyirwa mu bikorwa gusuzuma uburyo ibintu bihora bihagaze neza, uburyo bihinduka mu mikorere, ndetse n'uburyo bihuzwa n'ibidukikije.

Nk’uko CONTEC ibivuga, Kompyuta zo mu nganda zitanga igihe kirekire cyo gutanga serivisi, zirwanya ibidukikije, ziraramba, kandi zikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo buhoraho, ibi bifasha gusobanura impamvu mudasobwa zo mu nganda zikunze gukundwa mu bikorwa by’inganda bimara igihe kirekire.

Mudasobwa zo mu nganda na seriveri zishobora gushyigikira imikorere ya 24/24, iminsi irindwi ku cyumweru, ariko zibikora mu buryo butandukanye.
Mudasobwa zo mu nganda zikora neza binyuze mu gushushanya ibintu biramba, kugenzura ubushyuhe nta feni cyangwa uburyo bworoshye, guhuza ibice byazo igihe kirekire, no kuba zikwiriye gushyirwa mu kibuga. Imbaraga zazo zishingiye ku gutuma sisitemu ikora neza aho ibikoresho bisanzwe by’ubucuruzi bishobora kwangirika.
Seriveri zigira imikorere ya 24/7 binyuze mu buryo bwo kugabanya amakuru no kwizerwa ku rwego rwa platform. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ECC memory, RAID storage strategies, reduce of power supplies, na server-grade management frameworks. Imbaraga zazo ziri mu kubungabunga serivisi ziboneka mu bidukikije bigenzurwa.
Iyo porogaramu yawe ishyizwe mu iduka ry’ibikorwa, mu kabati k’igenzura, mu modoka, mu gipangu cyo ku muhanda, cyangwa mu gice cy’inganda, inyungu ikunze kuba iy’ibikoresho bya mudasobwa z’inganda amasaha 24/7. Iyo porogaramu yawe iri mu cyumba cy’ikoranabuhanga giherereyemo ibikoresho kandi igafasha abakoresha benshi cyangwa porogaramu z’ibigo, inyungu ikunze kuba iy’ibikoresho bya seriveri amasaha 24/7.

Mudasobwa zo mu nganda akenshi ziba nziza iyo umushinga usaba ko igikoresho cya mudasobwa kiba hafi y’ibikoresho cyangwa inzira.

Ibintu bisanzwe birimo:

• Ikoranabuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga
• Iyerekwa ry'imashini
• Igenzura ry'inganda
• Sisitemu zo gutwara abantu ziri mu bwato
• Amarembo y'inkombe
• Ibiro by'igenzura byo hanze
• Ahantu hakoreshwa ingufu n'ibikoresho
• Gushakisha amakuru mu mahugurwa
• Guhuza ibikoresho byo mu bubiko

Muri ibi bihe, ingaruka nyazo akenshi si imbaraga za mudasobwa, ahubwo ni ukunanirwa guterwa n’ibidukikije. Seriveri ishobora kuba yizewe cyane mu cyumba kigenzurwa n’ikirere, ariko niba umushinga ukeneye ko mudasobwa ikorera iruhande rw’imashini, mu kabati, ku bikoresho byimuka, cyangwa ahantu hatameze neza, mudasobwa zo mu nganda muri rusange ziba zikwiriye.
Indi mpamvu y'ingenzi ni uguhagarara neza kw'ubuzima. Imishinga y'inganda ikunze gusaba igihe kirekire cyo kwemeza no gutanga amasoko igihe kirekire. Abaguzi ntibashaka gukomeza gushushanya cyangwa kuvugurura urubuga kuko ibikoresho bihinduka vuba cyane. Mudasobwa zo mu nganda akenshi zihuza neza n'iki gisabwa.

Seriveri ni zo ziruta izindi iyo igisabwa cy’ingenzi ari ukwizerwa kwa serivisi aho kuba ukwizerwa kw’ibidukikije.

Urugero, niba umushinga wawe ukubiyemo:

• Guhindura ikoranabuhanga (Virtualization)
• Gucunga ububiko bw'amakuru
• Ububiko buri hagati
• Sisitemu za ERP cyangwa MES backend
• Uburyo bwo gukoresha porogaramu bukoreshwa n'abakoresha benshi
• Imirimo y'akazi ihujwe n'ibicu
• Gutunganya amakuru ku rwego runini

hanyuma imiterere ya seriveri ishobora gutanga umusingi uhamye kurushaho.
Ibi biterwa nuko urubuga rwa seriveri rwakozwe hakurikijwe uburyo bwo kuboneka no kwihanganira amakosa ku rwego rw'ibikorwa remezo. Ibice bidafite akamaro, imicungire ya kure, imiterere y'ububiko bw'ububiko burinzwe, hamwe n'ingamba zo gushyiraho ububiko bw'amakuru bituma seriveri zikwiriye cyane imirimo y'ikoranabuhanga ihuriweho.
Rero, ukurikije uko umuguzi abibona, kugereranya ntibigomba kuba amarangamutima cyangwa rusange. Bigomba gushingira ku hantu nyaho hagenewe gushyirwaho, uruhare rwa sisitemu, icyitegererezo cyo kubungabunga, n'ingaruka z'igihe cyo kudakora.

Mu nganda nyinshi zikoresha ibikoresho, impamvu nyayo itera kudahuza neza si imbaraga nke zo gutunganya ibikoresho. Ni ukudahuza hagati y’imiterere y’ibikoresho n’imiterere y’aho ibikoresho bikorera.
Mudasobwa zo mu nganda zituma habaho kudahungabana mu mikoreshereze y’ibikoresho mu buryo butandukanye:

1. Kwihanganira ibidukikije neza:Bikwiriye cyane ahantu hakorerwa ivumbi, hanyeganyega, hashyushye cyangwa hakonje.

2. Impuzandengo y'inganda ikwiye kurushaho:Imishinga y'inganda ikunze gusaba imiyoboro ya COM, imiyoboro ibiri ya LAN, imiyoboro ya digitale ya I/O, CAN, cyangwa izindi mbuga zitari izambere mu buryo busanzwe mu miyoboro myinshi ya seriveri.

3. Gushyiraho hafi y'ibikoresho byoroshye:Mudasobwa zo mu nganda zagenewe gushyirwa mu nganda zishyirwa ku rukuta, DIN-rail, embedded, cyangwa rackmount, ibyo bikaba bifasha gushyirwa hafi y’igikorwa ubwacyo.

4. Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha urubuga rurerure:Ibi bigabanya ibyago byo guhinduka kenshi kw'ibikoresho bigira ingaruka ku kwemeza, kubungabunga, cyangwa guteganya kwagura.

5. Kugabanya umutwaro wo kubungabunga imirimaMudasobwa ikoreshwa mu nganda irashobora kugabanya ingendo zo gusana, guhagarika ibintu mu buryo butunguranye, no gushyamirana mu gushyira ibintu ku mbuga nyinshi.

Izi nyungu ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku bakiriya ba B-end bita ku bwizerwe bw'igihe cyose aho kwita gusa ku bipimo by'ibikoresho bya mbere.

Hasi hari imbonerahamwe ifatika yo kugereranya ushobora gukoresha kugira ngo ufashe abakiriya gusobanukirwa itandukaniro vuba.

Niba uri umuyobozi ushinzwe amasoko, uhuza sisitemu, cyangwa injeniyeri w'umushinga, uburyo bworoshye bwo gufata icyemezo ni ukubaza ibibazo bikurikira:

• Sisitemu izashyirwa he:Iyo izashyirwa mu nganda zikomeye cyangwa zigoye cyane, mudasobwa zo mu nganda akenshi ni zo nziza.
• Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'umutwaro ikora:Niba inshingano ari ukugenzura, kugura ibikoresho, gutunganya ibikoresho mu gace runaka, cyangwa guhuza ibikoresho, mudasobwa zo mu nganda akenshi ziba zikwiriye. Niba inshingano ari iy’ikoranabuhanga cyangwa ububiko, seriveri zishobora kuba nziza kurushaho.
• Ni iki gitera ibyago byinshi mu mushinga wawe:Niba ikibazo gikomeye ari uguhagarika ibidukikije, hitamo mudasobwa zo mu nganda. Niba igihe cyo kudakora serivisi no gukomeza gukoresha amakuru ari byo bibazo bikomeye, hitamo seriveri.
• Ese umushinga ukeneye imikorere miremire y'ibikoresho:Niba ari yego, mudasobwa zo mu nganda akenshi zitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gutegura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inganda mu gihe kirekire.
• Ese kwirukana abakozi ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi:Niba sisitemu yawe ishingiye cyane ku bubiko budasanzwe, ububiko burinzwe, n'imiterere y'igihe cyo gukora (operating time architecture), seriveri ishobora kuba ikwiriye kurushaho.

Mu mishinga myinshi igezweho, igisubizo si mudasobwa zo mu nganda cyangwa seriveri, ahubwo ni mudasobwa zo mu nganda ziri ku nkengero naho seriveri zikaba ari zo ziyobora.

Mu mishinga imwe n'imwe, abaguzi ntibakenera seriveri isanzwe. Icyo bakeneye ni sisitemu ihuza kuramba kw'inganda n'ishyirwaho rya rack-based. Niho mudasobwa zo mu nganda ziba zifite agaciro kanini.
Mudasobwa zo mu nganda za Rackmount zitanga uburyo bwo hagati bufatika. Zigumana imiterere y’uburyo bwo gushyiramo porogaramu nk’uko abaguzi benshi bashaka, mu gihe zinatanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyikoresha kurusha uburyo busanzwe bwo kuyikoresha mbere ya seriveri.

Ibi bituma biba bikwiriye kuri:

• Ibyumba byo kugenzura ibikoresho by'uruganda
• Gushakisha amakuru mu nganda
• Imbuga zo kureba imashini
• Aho MES ihurira
• Sisitemu zo kugenzura
• Igenzura ry'ubwikorezi
• Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho

Ku baguzi bakeneye gushyiraho rack ariko kandi bakeneye kwizerwa kurushaho mu nganda, mudasobwa zo mu nganda zikoresha rackmount akenshi ni zo zikwiye. Niba porogaramu yawe ikeneye gushyiraho rack ifite imiterere ihamye kandi ihuye neza n'ibidukikije by'inganda, izi mudasobwa zo mu nganda zikoresha rackmount ishobora kuba amahitamo meza kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe bya seriveri.

Ukurikije SEO n'icyizere cy'ibirimo, inkunga y'abandi ni ingenzi kuko ifasha kwemeza ko uku kugereranya gushingiye ku mitekerereze y'inganda, atari ku bitekerezo by'ikirango gusa.
Urugero, CONTEC ishimangira ko mudasobwa zikora mu nganda zakozwe hagamijwe igihe kirekire cyo kuzikoresha, kuramba, kwirinda ibidukikije, no gukomeza gukora. Ibi bishyigikira igitekerezo cy'uko mudasobwa zikora mu nganda akenshi ari zo nziza aho ibikoresho bigomba kuguma bihamye mu gihe hari ikibazo cyo ku rwego rw'aho zikorera.
Muri icyo gihe, Intel igaragaza uburyo seriveri zizewe mu buryo bwa RAS, uburinzi bwa ECC, no kunoza igihe cyo gukora muri seriveri. Ibi bishyigikira igitekerezo cy'uko seriveri zikwiriye cyane iyo intego nyamukuru ari ugukomeza serivisi.

Muri SINSMART, ntabwo twerekeza ku ituze nk'igitekerezo rusange cy'ikoranabuhanga. Turumva ko ku bakiriya b'inganda, ituze bivuze ubushobozi bwo gutuma sisitemu zikora neza uko igihe kigenda gihita.
Mudasobwa zo mu nganda za SINSMART zagenewe gukwirakwizwa mu nganda nka:

• Igikorwa gihoraho
• Inkunga y'imikorere y'inganda
• Imiterere yoroshye
• Gahunda y'igihe kirekire yo gukoresha
• Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inyubako giteye ubwoba
• Guteza imbere inganda, ubwikorezi, ingufu, ubwikorezi, n'izindi nzego zisaba akazi kenshi

Ku baguzi b'ibigo, bivuze guhuza ibikoresho n'ikoreshwa ryabyo mu buryo bufatika. Aho kugura cyane imiterere ya seriveri ku bw'imirimo myinshi ishoboka, cyangwa gupfobya ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije ukoresheje ibikoresho by'ubucuruzi, ushobora guhitamo urubuga rujyanye neza n'ikoreshwa ry'inganda.
Aho bikenewe, SINSMART inashyigikira uburyo bwo guhindura CPU mu guhitamo, ububiko, ububiko, I/O, itumanaho ridafite umugozi, no guhuza umushinga mu buryo bwihariye. Ibi bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kudahuza no kunoza uburyo bwo kuyikoresha muri rusange.

1. Ese mudasobwa zo mu nganda zihamye kurusha seriveri zo mu nganda?

Yego, mu buryo bwinshi bwo gushyira ibikoresho ku mpande z’uruganda, mudasobwa zo mu nganda ziba zihamye cyane kuko zagenewe ivumbi, gutigita, ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe, n’amasaha maremare yo gukora hafi y’ibikoresho.

2. Ese seriveri ni nziza kurusha mudasobwa z'inganda ku mirimo y'ikoranabuhanga ihuriweho?

Yego. Seriveri ubusanzwe ziba nziza kuri serivisi zihuriweho nka database, virtualization, storage, na porogaramu z'ibigo kuko zibanda cyane ku gusubirwamo no gukomeza serivisi.

3. Ese mudasobwa zo mu nganda zishobora gukora amasaha 24/7?

Yego. Mudasobwa nyinshi zo mu nganda zagenewe gukora buri gihe, cyane cyane mu buryo bwikora, gukoresha mudasobwa mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki, ubwikorezi, no gukurikirana ibikorwa by’inganda.

4. Kuki mudasobwa zo mu nganda zikunze gukoreshwa ku nkengero?

Mudasobwa zo mu nganda zikunze gukoreshwa ku nkengero kuko zishobora gukora hafi y’imashini n’ibikorwa byo mu murima mu gihe zihanganira ibidukikije bikomeye kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe by’ikoranabuhanga.

5. Ese mudasobwa zo mu nganda zikwiriye ibigo by'amakuru?

Ntabwo akenshi ari nk'uburyo bwo gusimbura ibikorwa remezo bisanzwe bya seriveri. Mudasobwa zo mu nganda zikwiriye cyane gukoreshwa mu gushyira ibikoresho ku ruhande, ku ruhande rw'inkombe, cyangwa ku rwego rw'urubuga aho kuba imirimo yo mu kigo cy'amakuru.

6. Ese mudasobwa zo mu nganda zishyigikira imishinga y'inganda y'igihe kirekire kurushaho?

Mu bihe byinshi, yego. Mudasobwa zo mu nganda zikunze gukundwa mu mishinga y’inganda ikora igihe kirekire kuko abaguzi baha agaciro imikorere y’ibikoresho, imikorere ihamye, ndetse n’ingaruka zo kuvugurura imiterere yazo zigabanuka.

7. Ni iyihe nyungu ikomeye ya seriveri mu gutuma serivisi ziguma neza?

Akamaro gakomeye ka seriveri ni uburyo bwo gukora porogaramu zikora buri gihe, harimo gusiba amakuru, ingamba zo kubika amakuru zitezwe, no kwihanganira amakosa ku rwego rw'ibikorwa remezo.

8. Ni iyihe nyungu ikomeye ya mudasobwa zo mu nganda kugira ngo zidahungabana?

Akamaro gakomeye ka mudasobwa zo mu nganda ni imikorere yizewe mu bice bikomeye byo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho aho guhindagurika kw'ibintu, ivumbi, ubushyuhe n'aho byakorewe ari byo bintu bikomeye bishobora guteza akaga.

9. Ese umushinga ugomba guhitamo mudasobwa cyangwa seriveri zo mu nganda kugira ngo ubone ikoranabuhanga?

Iyo sisitemu ishyizwe hafi y'umurongo w'ibikorwa cyangwa ibikoresho bya kamera, mudasobwa zo mu nganda akenshi ni zo nziza. Niba umushinga ukeneye ububiko buhuriweho cyangwa gutunganya ibikoresho binini, seriveri nazo zishobora gukoreshwa hamwe.

10. Ese mudasobwa n'amaseriveri by'inganda bishobora gukoreshwa hamwe?

Yego. Mu buryo bwinshi bw'inganda, mudasobwa z'inganda zikora ku buryo bwo kugenzura cyangwa gukoresha mudasobwa mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, mu gihe seriveri zikora ku buryo bwo kubika amakuru, gucunga no gutanga serivisi z'ibigo.