Sistimi ea ho Tseba Koloi ke Eng?

Sebakeng se fetohang ka potlako sa lipalangoang tsa sejoale-joale, bohlokoa ba litsamaiso tsa boitsebiso ba likoloi (VIS) bo ke ke ba feteletsoa. ​​Litsamaiso tsena tse rarahaneng li theha motheo oa litsamaiso tse bohlale tsa lipalangoang 'me li ntlafatsa tlhokomelo ea sephethephethe, polokeho ea likoloi, esita le litsamaiso tsa tlhokomelo. Ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji, VIS e fetohile karolo ea bohlokoa ea taolo ea phallo ea sephethephethe, phokotso ea tšubuhlellano, le ho netefatsa litsela tse sireletsehileng. Ka ho fana ka data le tlhahlobo ea nako ea sebele, litsamaiso tsena li nolofalletsa tsamaiso e sebetsang ea sephethephethe le mehato ea ts'ireletso e sebetsang e leng ea bohlokoa bakeng sa meralo ea motheo ea kajeno e hokahaneng.

Sistimi ea ho lemoha likoloi ke theknoloji e tsoetseng pele bakeng sa ho tseba le ho latela likoloi ka nepo. Ka ho sebelisa pono ea khomphutha le li-algorithms tsa ho ithuta ka botebo, litsamaiso tsena li ka sekaseka litšoantšo le livideo ho lemoha boteng ba likoloi. Bohareng ba litsamaiso tsena ho na le mahlale a fapaneng a sensor a hapang data ea nako ea sebele ho tsoa tikolohong.

Mekhoa e rarahaneng ea ho sebetsana le litšoantšo e nolofalletsa sistimi ho toloka tlhahisoleseling ea pono le ho khetholla likarolo tse itseng tsa koloi. Ts'ebetso ena e ntlafatsoa le ho feta ke ho lemoha lintho, e leng se lumellang sistimi ho khetholla likoloi ho lintho tse ling tikolohong.

Mekhoa ea ho lemoha likoloi e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa litharollong tse bohlale tsa lipalangoang. Ka ho lemoha le ho beha leihlo likoloi ka nepo, mekhoa ena e kenya letsoho tsamaisong ea sephethephethe, ho khanna ka boikemelo le lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa polokeho.

Mekhoa ea ho lemoha likoloi e itšetlehile ka mahlale a fapaneng a tsoetseng pele ho netefatsa ho nepahala le katleho. Tsena li kenyelletsa, haholo-holo, litsamaiso tsa radar, theknoloji ea lidar, li-sensor tsa ultrasonic, theknoloji ea infrared le ho ithuta ha mochini. Theknoloji ka 'ngoe e fana ka matla a ikhethang 'me e akaretsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ho lemoha le ho arola likoloi.

• Litsamaiso tsa radar li sebelisoa khafetsa bakeng sa ho lemoha likoloi hobane li ka fumana sebaka le lebelo la lintho ho sa tsotelehe maemo a khanya le boemo ba leholimo. Litsamaiso tsena li ntša maqhubu a seea-le-moea a bonahatsoang ke lintho, ka hona li fana ka lintlha tse nepahetseng mabapi le tikoloho.
• Theknoloji ea Lidar , kapa Light Detection and Ranging, e sebedisa di-pulse tsa laser ho etsa dimmapa tsa tikoloho tse nang le qeto e phahameng. E lekanya bohole mme e hlwaya dintho ka ho nepahala ho ikgethang mme ka hona ke karolo ya bohlokwa bakeng sa ho kganna ka boikemelo le ditsamaiso tse tswetseng pele tsa thuso ya bakganni (ADAS).
• Li-sensor tsa Ultrasonic li sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa ho lemoha haufi. Li ntša maqhubu a molumo 'me li lekanya nako eo molumo o khutlang ka eona ka mor'a ho bonahatsa lintho tse haufi. Li-sensor tsena li sebelisoa khafetsa lits'ebetsong tsa thuso ea ho paka makoloi.
• Theknoloji ea infrared E ntlafatsa pono le ho lemoha bosiu maemong a khanya e tlase. Ka ho lemoha mahlaseli a infrared (mocheso) a ntšoang ke lintho, litsamaiso tsena li ka khetholla likoloi, ba tsamaeang ka maoto le litšitiso tse ling tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a mabone.
• Ho feta moo, kopanyo ea ho ithuta ka mochini e fetotse mahlale a ho lemoha dikoloi. Ka ho sekaseka bongata bo boholo ba data, di-algorithm tsa ho ithuta ka mochini di ntlafatsa ka ho tswela pele ho nepahala le bokgoni ba ho bolela esale pele ba mahlale ana. Sena se lebisa ho lemoheng, ho hlopheng le karabelong e betere ditikolohong tse matla tsa ho kganna.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, motsoako oa litsamaiso tsa radar, theknoloji ea lidar, li-sensor tsa ultrasonic, theknoloji ea infrared le ho ithuta ha mochini li theha sistimi e matla ea ho lemoha likoloi e netefatsang polokeho le katleho likoloing tsa sejoale-joale.

Mekhoa ea ho lemoha likoloi e sebetsa ka marang-rang a li-sensor le lik'hamera, e nolofalletsang ho lemoha ka nako ea sebele ho ntlafatsa polokeho le ts'ebetso ea likoloi. Mekhoa ena e sebelisa li-algorithms tse tsoetseng pele ho sebetsana le data ho tsoa mehloling e fapaneng le ho nolofalletsa likarolo tse kang taolo ea maeto a sekepe e feto-fetohang, temoso ea ho tloha tseleng, le thuso ea ho paka.

Karolo ea bohlokoa ea litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi ke bokhoni ba tsona ba ho lemoha le ho arabela linthong le litšitiso tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa likoloi tse ling le ba tsamaeang ka maoto. Sena se finyelloa ka li-sensor tse kentsoeng ho potoloha koloi tse lulang li shebile tikoloho. Mohlala, ho lemoha ba tsamaeang ka maoto ho sebelisa motsoako oa lik'hamera le radar ho khetholla batho tseleng le ho qala ho brake ka boiketsetso haeba ho ka ba le kotsi.

Ho kopanngoa ha mahlale ana ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho qoba ho thulana. Ka ho sekaseka tikoloho ea koloi khafetsa, sistimi e ka etsa liqeto ka likaroloana tsa motsotsoana ho thibela likotsi. Tafole e latelang e bontša likarolo tse fapaneng le mesebetsi ea litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi:

Mekhoa ena ha e eketse polokeho feela empa e boetse e ntlafatsa boiphihlelo ba ho khanna ka ho fokotsa moroalo oa kelello oa mokhanni. Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji e lebelletsoe ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala le ts'epo ea litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi, ho etsa hore litsela tsa rona li bolokehe le ho khanna ho be monate haholoanyane.

Mekhoa ea ho lemoha likoloi e na le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng 'me e kenya letsoho haholo tsamaisong ea sephethephethe, nts'etsopele ea litoropo tse bohlale, le ho kopanngoa ha likoloi tse ikemetseng. Mekhoa ena e nolofalletsa tlhahlobo e sebetsang ea phallo ea sephethephethe 'me e lumella baqapi ba litoropo ho rala meralo ea motheo e betere le ho eketsa polokeho ea litsela.

Ts'ebetsong ea molao, ho lemoha poleiti ea laesense ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho qosong le tsamaisong ea litlolo tsa molao tse amanang le likoloi. Ho tsebahatsa lipoleiti tsa laesense ea likoloi ka bohona ho lumella balaoli ho tiisa melao ea sephethephethe ka katleho le ho fokotsa litlolo tsa molao tsa sephethephethe. Theknoloji ena e boetse ea bohlokoa bakeng sa pokello ea litefiso le ts'ebetso ea ho paka libakeng tsa litoropo.

Ho feta moo, litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tsamaisa le ho sebetsa ha likoloi tse ikemetseng. Litsamaiso tsena li fana ka data ea nako ea sebele e nolofalletsang ho tsamaea ha likoloi tse ikemetseng libakeng tse rarahaneng tsa litoropo, ka hona li ntlafatsa polokeho le katleho. Kopanyo ena e se nang sekoli ea theknoloji ea ho lemoha likoloi le likoloi tse ikemetseng ke lejoe la motheo bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea metse e bohlale ea nakong e tlang.

Ho kopanngoa ha litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi ho fana ka melemo e mengata e eketsang polokeho ea litsela haholo le ho ntlafatsa taolo ea sephethephethe. Litsamaiso tsena li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho qoba likotsi 'me li tsebisa bakhanni ka likotsi tse ka bang teng ka nako ea sebele. Ho latela likoloi ka nepo ho lumella balaoli ho beha leihlo phallo ea sephethephethe le ho lemoha lintho tse sa tloaelehang, ho netefatsa hore litsela li boreleli ebile li bolokehile.

Ho feta moo, mahlale ana a kenya letsoho tlhokomelong ea tikoloho ka ho fokotsa tšubuhlellano, ho fokotsa mosi o kotsi, le ho khothalletsa tikoloho e tala. Ka ho lemoha ho se tsitse ha sephethephethe, litsamaiso tse joalo li ka laola le ho fetola sephethephethe ka katleho, tsa fokotsa litšitiso, le ho ntlafatsa katleho ea litsela ka kakaretso. Motsoako oa theknoloji le polokeho ka litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi o thusa haholo ho theheng marang-rang a lipalangoang tsa litoropo tse sireletsehileng le tse mosa haholoanyane tikolohong.

E 'ngoe ea liphephetso tse kholo bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi ke ts'ebetso ea tsona tlas'a maemo a mabe a leholimo. Pula, lehloa le moholi li ka fokotsa haholo katleho ea ho lemoha ho thehiloeng k'hamera 'me tsa lebisa ho se nepahaleng ho behang polokeho ea likoloi kotsing. Ho feta moo, lithibelo tsa theknoloji ts'ebetsong ea sensor hangata li thatafatsa ts'epo maemong a fapaneng a tikoloho.

Bothata bo bong bo boholo ke ho sebetsana le ho koaleha. Likoloi le litšitiso hangata lia koaleha, e leng se lebisang ho fumanoeng ha bohata kapa lialamo tsa bohata. Ho kopanngoa ha data ka katleho ho tsoa ho li-sensor tse ngata, tse kang lik'hamera, radar le LiDAR, ho bohlokoa ho rarolla mathata ana. Leha ho le joalo, ho kopanya le ho hokahanya data ena ke mosebetsi o rarahaneng.

Ho latela melaoana ea molao ho hlahisa tšitiso e 'ngoe. Ho latela maemo a naha le a machaba ho hloka liteko tse batsi le netefatso, e leng se thatafatsang ho kenngoa ha litsamaiso tsa boitsebiso ba likoloi. Litataiso tse tiileng li tlameha ho lateloa ho netefatsa hore mahlale ana a sebetsa ka molao, e leng se eketsang boiteko ba tsamaiso le ba botekgeniki le ho feta.

Liphephetso tsena li totobatsa mofuta o fapaneng oa nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea litsamaiso tsa ho tsebahatsa likoloi. Ho sa tsotellehe tsoelo-pele e entsoeng, ho utloisisa le ho hlola mefokolo ena ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho nts'etsapele mahlale a likoloi a matla, a tšepahalang le a lumellanang le melao.

Sebaka sa litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi se ntse se fetoha haholo, se susumetsoa ke boqapi ba bohlale ba maiketsetso, marangrang a methapo ea kutlo le khomphutha ea moeli. Tsoelo-pele ena e tla hlalosa bocha bokhoni ba mahlale a ho lemoha likoloi, e leng se tla lebisa litsamaisong tse sebetsang hantle le tse nepahetseng haholoanyane.

Khomphutha ea Edge e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ntlafatsong ena. Ts'ebetso ea data ea nako ea sebele moeling oa marang-rang e nolofalletsa litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi ho fihlella linako tse potlakileng tsa karabelo le ho fokotsa latency e amanang le litharollo tse thehiloeng marung ka tloaelo. Sena se bohlokoa haholo libakeng tse fetohang moo liqeto tse nakong li leng bohlokoa.

Ntlafatso e 'ngoe e ncha ke puisano ea koloi ho ea koloing, e lumellang likoloi ho fapanyetsana lintlha tse mabapi le tikoloho ea tsona. Theknoloji ena e ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi ka ho fana ka moelelo o pharaletseng oa ho toloka lintlha tsa sensor, ka hona e lebisa phihlelong ea ho khanna e sireletsehileng le e tsamaellanang haholoanyane.

Ho feta moo, tlhokomelo e bolelang esale pele e fetola tsela eo re laolang litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi. Ka lebaka la lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa tlhahlobo le tsa tlhahlobo, tlhokomelo joale e ka etsoa ka mokhoa o potlakileng, 'me mathata a ka bang teng a ka tsejoa pele a eketseha. Sena ha se ntlafatse polokeho ea likoloi feela empa hape se atolosa nako ea bophelo ea litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi.

Ha mekhoa ena ea nakong e tlang e ntse e tsoela pele ho hola, litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi tseo re itšetlehileng ka tsona kajeno li tla ntlafala le ho feta, li butse tsela bakeng sa marang-rang a sephethephethe a sireletsehileng le a sebetsang hantle.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa mererong ea sejoale-joale ea litoropo le boenjiniere ba sephethephethe. Mahlale ana a morao-rao a kenya letsoho haholo ho bolokeng le ho ntlafatseng maemo a polokeho, ho netefatsa phallo e boreleli ea sephethephethe, le ho eketsa bokhoni ba marang-rang a lipalangoang. Bohlokoa ba tsona bo ke ke ba feteletsoa, ​​​​haholo-holo ha libaka tsa litoropo li ntse li tsoela pele ho atoloha 'me tlhoko ea litharollo tse tsoetseng pele tsa taolo ea sephethephethe e ntse e eketseha.

Ho kopanngoa ha litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi ka mokhoa o se nang sekoli meralong ea motheo ea litoropo ho emela tsoelo-pele e kholo ea theknoloji. Lintlafatso sebakeng sena li bula menyetla e mecha ea ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala le ho tšepahala ha ho lemoha likoloi, e leng se lebisang ho tlhokomelo e betere ea sephethephethe le maano a tsamaiso. Tsoelo-pele ena e bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea metse e bohlale le ntlafatso ea litsamaiso tsa lipalangoang, e leng se tlatsetsang tikolohong ea litoropo e sireletsehileng le e sebetsang hantle.

Ho feta moo, tlhahlobo ea 'maraka e senola keketseho e kholo ts'ebelisong ea mahlale a ho lemoha likoloi, a susumetsoang ke tlhoko ea taolo e ntlafalitsoeng ea sephethephethe le melaoana ea polokeho. Ha re sheba pele, tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji—joalo ka AFE-R770 le J1900 Mini-PC ea Liindasteri —e tšepisa lintlafatso tse kholoanyane lefapheng lena. Monyetla oa boqapi bo eketsehileng o etsa hore litsamaiso tsa ho lemoha likoloi e be tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa baetsi ba melao, baenjiniere le bahlahisi ba likhomphutha tse kentsoengSepheo ke ho theha marangrang a lipalangoang a tsitsitseng le a sebetsang hantle ka ho sebelisa liindasteri khomphutha e kentsweng ditharollo le dipolatefomo tsa PC tse kentsweng mabokoseng.