Yiziphi izinhlobo zamakhompyutha ezisetshenziswa yizibhedlela eziningi?

Esimisweni sezempilo sanamuhla, amakhompyutha ayisihluthulelo sokunakekelwa kweziguli okungcono kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezibhedlela. Izinhlelo zamakhompyutha zezibhedlela sezithuthuke kakhulu, zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuguqula ukuphepha nokuphathwa kolwazi lwezempilo. Izibhedlela manje zisebenzisa izinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi ukucubungula idatha yeziguli, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo.

Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngezinhlobo zamakhompyutha asetshenziswa ezibhedlela. Sizobona ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha bushintsha kanjani ukunakekelwa kwempilo.

• Amakhompyutha ayithuluzi elibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwanamuhla.
• Amarekhodi ezempilo kagesi athuthukisa ukuphathwa kwedatha yesiguli.
• Ingqalasizinda ye-IT kwezempilo ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle.
• Izinyathelo zokuphepha kwedatha zibalulekile ekuvikeleni ulwazi lwesiguli.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo kuholela ekusebenzisaneni okungcono kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Izibhedlela zisebenzisa izinhlelo eziningi zamakhompyutha ukuthuthukisa ukunakekelwa nokusebenza. Lezi zinhlelo zisiza ngokuphathwa kwedatha, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, nokuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwemithetho yezempilo. Nasi isifinyezo sezinhlelo ezibalulekile zamakhompyutha eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezibhedlela.

Izinhlelo zerekhodi lezempilo le-elekthronikhi (i-EHR)

Izinhlelo ze-EHR zibalulekile ezibhedlela. Zigcina wonke amarekhodi eziguli endaweni eyodwa, okwenza kube lula ngodokotela ukushintshana nokufinyelela ulwazi olubalulekile lweziguli ngokushesha.

Ziphinde zinciphise amaphutha kumafayela ephepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyasiza ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha yezempilo. Lokhu kuholela ekunakekelweni okungcono kanye nezinqubo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.

Izinhlelo ze-medical imaging kanye ne-radiology

Izinhlelo zokuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha, njenge-PACS, zibalulekile ekugcineni nasekubelaneni ngezithombe zezokwelapha. Zenza kube lula ukuxilongwa ngokufinyelela ngokushesha ezithombeni ezicacile. Izibhedlela ezisebenzisa lezi zinhlelo zithola ukunakekelwa okungcono kweziguli ngezithombe ezicacile kanye nokusebenza ngokubambisana okuthuthukisiwe.

Izinhlelo zolwazi zelebhu

Izinhlelo zolwazi lwelabhorethri ziqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle kwelabhorethri. Zisiza ekuletheni imiphumela yelabhorethri ngokunembe nangokushesha. Ngokuxhumanisa lezi zinhlelo namarekhodi ezempilo kagesi (ama-EHR), izibhedlela ziqinisekisa ukuthi odokotela bathola idatha efanele ngokushesha.

Izinhlelo zokuphatha amakhemisi

Izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwamakhemisi zisiza ekuphatheni imithi kanye nempahla egciniwe. Zinciphisa amaphutha futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kwemithi ekhemisi. Zilandelela impahla egciniwe ngesikhathi sangempela futhi zivumela ukuxhumana okungcono phakathi kwamakhemisi nodokotela. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuphepheni kweziguli.

Esimisweni sezempilo sanamuhla, impumelelo yezibhedlela incike kakhulu kwihadiwe esebenza kahle kakhulu. Amakhompyutha ezokwelapha abalulekile kulokhu futhi aklanyelwe ukumelana nezimo ezinzima ezitholakala ezibhedlela. Enza imisebenzi ebalulekile njengokudala amarekhodi ezempilo kagesi (ama-EHR) nokukhiqiza izithombe zezokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Inhliziyo yalezi zithuthukisi inethiwekhi yesibhedlela. Ixhumanisa idatha ebalulekile yeziguli eminyangweni ehlukene. Le nethiwekhi isekela izinhlelo ezinezintambo nezingenantambo, ikhuthaza ukushintshana kolwazi phakathi kwamaqembu ezokwelapha. Ubuchwepheshe beselula bushintshe ukunakekelwa kweziguli, kwenza kube lula ukuqapha okusheshayo kanye nokufinyelela kolwazi lwezempilo.

Izibhedlela zisebenzisa izikhungo zedatha ukugcina nokuphatha ngokuphephile inani elikhulu ledatha ebalulekile. Lezi zikhungo zinamaseva kanye nendawo yokugcina izinhlelo zokusebenza kumadivayisi amaningi. Ukuthuthukisa ihadiwe kuthuthukisa indlela izibhedlela ezisebenza ngayo futhi kusebenzela kangcono iziguli. Isibonelo, amaseva angcono asho idatha esheshayo, okusiza odokotela ukuthi benze ukuxilongwa ngokushesha.

• Amakhompyutha ezokwelapha: Kubalulekile ukuphepha kwesiguli kanye nokunemba kwedatha.
• Ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi yesibhedlela: Iqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuthembekile kanye nokushintshana kwedatha.
• Amadivayisi ezempilo eselula: Nika amandla abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi esifanele.
• Izikhungo zedatha zesibhedlela: Isikhungo sokuphathwa kwedatha okuphumelelayo kanye nokuphepha.

Yonke ingxenye yehadiwe ibalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ngezempilo ezisezingeni lomhlaba. Lokhu kubonisa ukubaluleka kokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe njalo.

Ikhadi elijwayelekile le-interface yenethiwekhi (i-NIC) inezingxenye eziningana ezibalulekile. Lezi zingxenye ze-NIC zisisiza ukuqonda nokuxazulula izinkinga zenethiwekhi. Ziphinde zisize ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi iyonke.

I-chip yesixhumanisi senethiwekhi iyinhliziyo yekhadi lenethiwekhi. Icubungula amaphakethe edatha futhi ixhumana nesistimu yokusebenza yekhompyutha. Le chip ibalulekile ekusheshiseni nasekusebenzeni kahle kwenethiwekhi.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-NIC ifaka ne-firmware. Le software iqinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe isebenza kahle. Iphatha ukudluliswa kwedatha kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga.

Inkumbulo kubalulekile ekugcineni amaphakethe edatha okwesikhashana. Lokhu kusiza ekucubungulweni, ekuthunyelweni, nasekutholeni idatha. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwakheka kwehadiwe yesixhumi esibonakalayo senethiwekhi.

Ikhadi ngalinye lenethiwekhi inekheli le-MAC elihlukile. Leli kheli lisetshenziselwa ukuhlonza ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ifinyelela endaweni efanele.

Ukuxhumana njengezimbobo ze-Ethernet noma ama-antenna e-Wi-Fi axhuma ikhadi lenethiwekhi kunethiwekhi. Ukuqonda lokhu kuxhumana kubalulekile ekuphathweni kwenethiwekhi okuphumelelayo.

Ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi kwezempilokubaluleke nakakhulu, njengoba kunjalo nokuvikela idatha yesiguli.

Umkhakha wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ubhekene nezinselele ezinkulu zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa ukwanda kwe-malware, i-phishing, kanye nezinsongo zangaphakathi. Ukuze balwe nalokhu, basebenzisa amandla aqinileIsofthiwe yokuthobela imithetho ye-IT eyenzelwe ukunakekelwa kwempiloLe software isiza ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela emithethweni yokuphepha futhi ivikele idatha yesiguli ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe.

Izibhedlela kumele futhi zilandele imikhuba emihle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyalandelwa imithetho. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele kanye nokuphathwa kwezingozi ngokucophelela. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile zohlelo lokuphepha oluqinile:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezokuphepha okuvamile ukuze kutholakale ubuthakathaka
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi ngokuvikelwa kwedatha
• Amaceboukuze kuthathwe isinyathelo esisheshayo ngemva kokwephulwa komthetho
• Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokufinyelela okwengeziwe

Izibonelo zangempela zibonisa ukuthi kunganiukuphepha kwedatha kubaluleke kakhulu kwezempiloUkwephulwa kwedatha esibhedlela esikhulu kwadalula izinkulungwane zamarekhodi eziguli, okwaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezezimali kanye nedumela. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubalulekaUkuthobela imithetho ye-HIPAAkanye nokuhlala phambili ekuphepheni kwe-inthanethi.

Ukudala isiko lokuphepha kubalulekile. Kusiza ukugcina ukwethenjwa kweziguli. Ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe enhle yokuthobela imithetho ye-IT ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kanye nokuqapha izinsongo zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, izinhlangano zezempilo zingavikela ulwazi olubucayi futhi zihambisane nemithethonqubo.

Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusha, umhlaba wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzoshintsha kakhulu. Ukubalwa kwamafu kuyisihloko esibalulekile kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Kwenza kube lula ukugcinwa nokwabelana ngemininingwane yeziguli kuzo zonke izinhlelo ezahlukene.

Izibhedlela eziningi zisebenzisa ifu. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukubambisana futhi kunegalelo ekudaleni uhlelo olungcono lwawo wonke umuntu, okuholela emiphumeleni yokunakekelwa kwempilo ethuthukisiwe. Amadivayisi afana namadivayisi ezokwelapha adingekayo (ama-ODM) angamathuluzi abalulekile ezokwelapha nge-telemedicine, asekela ukuhamba kanye nokusetshenziswa kalula ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsizakalo zezempilo ezihambayo kanye nezokwelapha ngocingo zishintsha indlela esithola ngayo ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Iziguli manje sezingakwazi ukuhlolwa zisekhaya. Lokhu kwenza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kufinyeleleke kalula futhi kube lula.

Ezigulini nabasebenzi bezokwelapha abadinga amadivayisi aqinile ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, izinketho ezifana ama-PC amaphilisi aqinile (i-ODM) futhi ama-PC ethebhulethi yezimboni (i-OEM) ziyizengezo ezibalulekile engqalasizinda yezempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ezifana nokuzulazula kanye ne-GPS, amaphilisi amahle kakhulu okuzulazula emgwaqweni ongaphandle komgwaqo futhi amaphilisi angangenwa manzi ane-GPS zilungele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kanye nemithi ephuthumayo.

Esinye isici esijabulisayo yi-Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa amadivayisi anezinzwa ukuqoqa idatha ebalulekile yezempilo. Lokhu kusiza odokotela ukwelapha kangcono izinkinga zempilo futhi kuqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwesibhedlela.

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwalezi zobuchwepheshe, uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo luzoxhunyaniswa kakhudlwana futhi lusebenze kahle. Luzohlonyiswa ngezinselele zesikhathi esizayo ngesikhathi esifanayo luqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokunakekelwa kweziguli.

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