Kev Qhib PCIe x1 Qhov: Txheej Txheem Cej Luam thiab Kev Siv Tau
2024-08-19 11:47:56
PCIe sawv cev rau Peripheral Component Interconnect Express. Nws yog tus qauv interface ceev ceev uas txuas ntau yam khoom siv hauv computer. Nws feem ntau yog siv los txuas cov expansion cards rau lub motherboard, suav nrog cov graphics cards, network cards, thiab cov data gathering cards.
Cov qhov PCIe sib txawv ntawm qhov loj me. Cov qauv qhov feem ntau suav nrog x1, x4, x8, thiab x16, uas qhia txog tus lej ntawm cov channel ntaub ntawv muaj rau kev sib txuas lus. Tus nqi ntau dua, qhov ceev dua cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv ntawm lub motherboard thiab daim npav txuas ntxiv.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tej yam tshwj xeeb sib txawv kuj yuav sib xws. Piv txwv li, daim npav txuas ntxiv x1 kuj siv tau rau ntawm x4, x8, thiab x16. Daim npav uas siv tau rau ntawm x8 kuj siv tau rau ntawm x16.
Cov Ntsiab Lus
1. Lub PCIe x1 qhov yog dab tsi?
Lub PCIe x1 qhov yog ib qho interface nthuav dav nrog ib txoj kab PCIe. Nws yog qhov PCI Express qhov me tshaj plaws nrog qhov throughput qis tshaj plaws, tab sis nws zoo tagnrho rau ntau yam PCIe peripheral cards uas tsis muaj zog.
Ntxiv mus, PCIe x1 daim npav tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv txhua qhov PCIe expansion slot, suav nrog x4, x8, thiab x16 slots. Cov neeg feem ntau tsis quav ntsej txog lub hom phiaj ntawm PCIe x1 slot, tab sis peb yuav piav qhia nws kom ntxaws hauv qab no.
2. Qhov ceev tshaj plaws ntawm PCIe x1 yog dab tsi?
Qhov ceev tshaj plaws ntawm PCIe x1 txawv ntawm ib tiam neeg. Qhov ceev ntawm kev nce qib thev naus laus zis nce ntxiv. Txij li PCIe 1.0 mus rau PCIe 6.0 tshiab tshaj plaws, bandwidth thiab qhov ceev ntawm txhua tiam neeg tau nce siab heev. Cov ntsiab lus yog raws li nram no:
1. PCIe 1.0: Qhov ceev theoretical siab tshaj plaws hauv PCIe 1.0 yog 250 MB / s, uas feem ntau hais txog qhov teeb meem ntawm lub tsheb npav sib luag, ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv.
2. PCIe 2.0: Lub cim PCIe x1 no muaj qhov ceev theoretical siab tshaj plaws ntawm 500 MB/s thiab tswj hwm 8b/10b encoding technique.
3. PCIe 3.0: Hauv tiam neeg no, qhov ceev tshaj plaws ntawm PCIe x1 tau nce mus txog 1 GB/s. PCIe 3.0 qhia txog kev siv 128b/130b encoding zoo dua, uas txo cov ntaub ntawv tsis tseem ceeb thaum ua kom cov ntaub ntawv xa mus tau zoo dua.
4. PCIe 4.0: Raws li tus qauv no, qhov ceev tshaj plaws ntawm PCIe x1 yog 2 GB/s. PCIe 4.0 nce tus nqi hloov mus rau 16 GT/s thiab txuas ntxiv siv cov txheej txheem encoding 128b/130b zoo, ua rau bandwidth ntau ntxiv.
5. PCIe 5.0: PCIe x1 tiam no muaj qhov ceev tshaj plaws ntawm 4 GB/s thiab tus nqi hloov pauv ntawm 32 GT/s, ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib raug zoo rov qab thaum muab kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob zoo dua.
3. Muaj ntau hom PCIe slots sib txawv li cas?
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, PCIe qhov muaj ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg lossis kev teeb tsa sib txawv, feem ntau yog x1, x4, x8, thiab x16. Nov yog cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws:
PCIe x1: Qhov no yog qhov PCIe qhov me tshaj plaws nrog ib txoj kab rau kev sib txuas lus cov ntaub ntawv. PCIe x1 qhov feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntawv nthuav dav uas tsis nyuaj, xws li cov ntawv suab, cov ntawv network, thiab cov Wi-Fi adapters.
PCIe x4: Qhov no muaj plaub txoj kab rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv. Nws muab ntau bandwidth dua li qhov x1 thiab feem ntau siv rau ntau yam expansion cards, suav nrog cov storage controllers, RAID cards, thiab qee cov sound cards.
PCIe x8: Qhov chaw no muaj 8 txoj kab ntaub ntawv, muab cov bandwidth ntau dua. Cov qhov chaw no feem ntau siv rau cov ntawv nthuav dav ua haujlwm siab uas xav tau cov nqi xa cov ntaub ntawv siab dua, xws li qee cov adapters network thiab cov ntawv txais cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb.
PCIe x16: Qhov no yog qhov PCIe qhov loj tshaj plaws, nrog 16 txoj kab ntaub ntawv. PCIe x16 qhov yog txuam nrog cov duab kos duab (GPUs) thiab muab cov bandwidth siab tshaj plaws muaj nyob rau ntawm cov motherboards tus qauv. Cov kev ua si siab kawg, kev tsim cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov tshuab ua haujlwm feem ntau nruab nrog PCIe x16 qhov rau cov peev xwm ua cov duab zoo.
4. PCIe channel yog dab tsi?
Thaum txiav txim siab txog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm daim npav nthuav dav ntawm lub motherboard, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias PCIe channel yog dab tsi. PCIe channel yog tus pin conductor hauv PCIe qhov. Feem ntau, qhov loj ntawm PCIe qhov kuj qhia txog tus lej ntawm PCIe channels. Piv txwv li, PCIe x16 qhov muaj x16 PCIe channels, thaum PCIe x1 qhov muaj x1 PCIe channels.
Ib lub motherboard feem ntau muaj li ntawm 20 txog 24 PCIe channels, faib thoob plaws ntau qhov PCIe slots uas tau tsim rau ntawm nws, tab sis qee qhov PCIe slots yuav muaj ntau cov channel ntaub ntawv dua li lawv qhov loj me, thiab qee qhov PCIe x16 slots tsuas yog muaj x8 PCIe channels xwb, tab sis yuav tsis muaj teeb meem hauv kev siv tiag tiag, thiab lawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhawb nqa GPU graphics card kev sib txuas.
5. Siv tau qhov PCIe X1 li cas?
Txawm hais tias PCIe x1 qhov tsuas muaj ib txoj kab PCIe xwb, nws tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab tuaj yeem txuas ntau hom daim npav nthuav dav, xws li modems thiab network cards, sound cards, SATA expansion cards, USB port expansion cards, TV tuner cards, video capture cards, adapter cards, thiab lwm yam, uas yuav qhia rau koj ib qho zuj zus.
1. Cov Modems thiab cov network cards
Koj siv tau qhov PCIe x1 los ntxiv cov wired lossis wireless expansion cards rau hauv lub motherboard, xws li PCIe x1 WiFi cards lossis 1G PCIe Ethernet cards. Cov motherboard computer feem ntau muaj Ethernet built-in, tab sis PCIe x1 Wi-Fi cards yog ib txoj hauv kev los ntxiv Wi-Fi connectivity rau koj lub computer.
Lub PCIe x1 qhov tuaj yeem txhawb nqa txhua hom wireless network cards, suav nrog qhov tseeb Wi-Fi 6 protocol, tab sis tsuas yog tuaj yeem txhawb nqa 1 Gigabit Ethernet lossis RJ45 Ethernet LAN (local area network) cards.
2. Cov ntawv suab
Cov neeg siv uas saib taus lub suab zoo tuaj yeem nruab daim npav suab rau ntawm PCIe x1 qhov kom tau txais lub suab zoo dua thiab lub suab raug dua, thiab tiv thaiv zoo dua tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam electromagnetic.
3. Daim npav nthuav dav SATA
Yog tias koj xav ntxiv ntau lub hard drive SATA rau hauv koj lub computer, koj tuaj yeem tau txais daim npav PCIe x1 SATA expansion card los ntxiv ntau lub SATA ports. SATA SSDs muaj qhov ceev hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kwv yees li 550 Mbps, SATA HDDs muaj qhov ceev hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kwv yees li 150 Mbps, thiab lub PCIe x1 slot tiam 3 muaj qhov ceev hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 1Gbps, uas yuav tsis muaj teeb meem nrog ntau lub SATA cia drives.
4. Daim npav nthuav dav USB chaw nres nkoj
PCIe x1 kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qhov chaw nres nkoj USB nthuav dav. Lwm yam I/O kuj tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv los ntawm qhov PCIe x1. Tsuas yog nrhiav daim npav nthuav dav I/O nrog daim ntawv PCIe x1.
5. Daim npav tuner TV
Lwm yam siv rau qhov PCIe x1 yog daim npav TV tuner. Siv daim npav PCIe x1 TV, koj tuaj yeem tso cai rau koj lub cuab yeej txais cov teeb liab TV thiab hloov lawv ncaj qha mus rau TV. Qee daim npav tuaj yeem tso cai rau lub khoos phis tawj kaw cov yeeb yaj kiab TV ncaj qha los ntawm cable rau kev saib tom qab.
6. Daim npav ntes video
Daim npav ntes video tso cai rau lub khoos phis tawj txais txhua qhov chaw video los ntawm lub koob yees duab lossis lwm yam khoom siv sab nraud (xws li lub tshuab ua si, TV, lossis DVD player) thiab hloov cov teeb liab video no mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv digital uas tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv lub khoos phis tawj. Cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv no tuaj yeem tshaj tawm tau tiag tiag lossis khaws cia rau kev kho tom qab.
7. Daim npav riser
Yog tias koj xav tau ntau qhov PCIe, koj siv tau daim npav PCIe riser, tseem hu ua distributor. Tom qab txuas daim npav PCIe riser, tsuas yog tus lej ntawm cov qhov yuav nce ntxiv xwb, tab sis qhov bandwidth ntawm PCIe yuav tsis hloov pauv thiab faib sib npaug ntawm cov qhov PCIe ntawm daim npav riser. Ntawd yog, daim npav riser nrog plaub qhov PCIe x1 txuas nrog qhov PCIe x1 yuav muaj ib feem plaub ntawm PCIe x1 bandwidth ntawm txhua qhov.
6. Qhov txawv ntawm ntau tiam neeg ntawm PCIe qhov (slots) yog dab tsi?
Kev tsim cov PCIe slots tau dhau los ntawm ntau tiam neeg txog tam sim no, thiab txhua tiam neeg tau hloov kho dua tshiab raws li tus nqi xa cov ntaub ntawv, bandwidth thiab kev ua haujlwm:
PCIe 1.0 / 1.1:
1.0 tau tso tawm xyoo 2003, thiab 1.1 tau tso tawm ob xyoos tom qab (2005). Qhov bandwidth siab tshaj plaws rau ib channel tau nce ntxiv los ntawm 250MB/s mus rau 250 MB/s; qhov bandwidth siab tshaj plaws ntawm x16 qhov tseem nyob ntawm 4GB/s. Qhov no yog thawj tiam ntawm PCIe, qhia txog qhov ceev dua li PCI interfaces yav dhau los.
PCIe 2.0:
Los ntawm xyoo 2007, tiam thib ob ntawm PCIe qhov tau tso tawm, ob npaug ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws bandwidth ib channel mus rau 500 MB / s, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws bandwidth x16 qhov ceev kuj nce mus txog 8GB / s, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo tag nrho.
PCIe 3.0:
Xyoo 2010, tau hloov kho mus rau tiam 3, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1 GB/s ib channel thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 16 GB/s rau x16 qhov. Piv nrog rau tiam dhau los, qhov ceev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib channel tau nce ob npaug ntxiv, muab kev ua tau zoo dua rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau ntau.
PCIe 4.0:
Cov khoom tiam 4 tau tso tawm xyoo 2017, nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntev dua ntawm tiam dhau los thiab tiam dhau los. Piv nrog PCIe 3.0, tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib channel tau ob npaug dua, muab ntau bandwidth rau cov duab ua haujlwm siab thiab cov kev daws teeb meem cia.
PCIe 5.0:
Xyoo 2019, PCIe 5.0 tau tsim tawm, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 4GB / s ib channel thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 64GB / s rau x16 qhov, tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov tshiab uas siv cov ntaub ntawv ntau.
PCIe 6.0:
Los ntawm xyoo 2022, nws yuav raug hloov kho mus rau tiam 6, uas kuj yog tiam tshiab tshaj plaws txog tam sim no. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm txhua txoj kab ke tau nce mus txog 8GB / s, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov x16 tau mus txog 128GB / s, tawg qhov kev txwv xa cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev ntawm cov kab ke yav tom ntej.
7. kev xaus lus
Hauv kev xaus lus, qhov ceev ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm PCIe slots tau nce ob npaug nrog txhua tiam neeg. Qhov kev tsim kho tshiab PCIe architecture tshiab tshaj plaws yog nrawm dua li cov processors tam sim no muag hauv khw, uas ua rau muaj kev ncua sijhawm hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv kho vajtse nrog PCIe tiam ceev dua. Tam sim no, qhov feem ntau siv thiab nrov tshaj plaws hauv khw yog PCIe Gen 4, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev suav lej siab hauv cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, feem ntau siv rau hauv
cov khoos phis tawj rackmount rau kev lag luamKuv ntseeg tias yav tom ntej no, tiam 6 ntawm PCIe yuav ua rau peb lub neej zoo li qub, tej zaum yuav nrhiav tau cov ntawv thov hauv cov khoom siv zoo li
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