Kutsegula PCIe x1 Slot: Chidule ndi Ntchito Zomwe Zingatheke
2024-08-19 11:47:56
PCIe imayimira Peripheral Component Interconnect Express. Ndi muyezo wolumikizirana mwachangu womwe umalumikiza zigawo zosiyanasiyana zamkati mwa kompyuta. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikiza makadi okulitsa ku bolodi la amayi, kuphatikiza makadi ojambula zithunzi, makadi a netiweki, ndi makadi osonkhanitsa deta.
Ma PCIe slots amasiyana kukula. Makonzedwe ofanana a ma slots ndi x1, x4, x8, ndi x16, zomwe zimasonyeza kuchuluka kwa njira za data zomwe zilipo kuti zilankhulidwe. Mtengo ukakhala waukulu, deta imasamutsidwa mwachangu pakati pa bolodi la amayi ndi khadi lowonjezera.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma specs osiyanasiyana akhoza kugwirizana ndi ma upward. Mwachitsanzo, khadi la x1 extension lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa x4, x8, ndi x16 configuration. Khadi lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa x8 configuration lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa x16 configuration.
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
1. Kodi malo olowera a PCIe x1 ndi chiyani?
Malo olumikizirana a PCIe x1 ndi malo olumikizirana omwe ali ndi njira imodzi ya PCIe. Ndi malo ocheperako a PCI Express omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa, komabe ndi abwino kwambiri pamakadi osiyanasiyana a PCIe okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa.
Kuphatikiza apo, makadi a PCIe x1 akhoza kuyikidwa mu malo aliwonse owonjezera a PCIe, kuphatikiza malo a x4, x8, ndi x16. Anthu nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza cholinga cha malo a PCIe x1, koma tifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.
2. Kodi liwiro lalikulu la PCIe x1 ndi lotani?
Liwiro lalikulu la PCIe x1 limasiyana pa mibadwo. Liwiro la kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo limawonjezeka. Kuchokera pa PCIe 1.0 mpaka PCIe 6.0 yaposachedwa, bandwidth ndi liwiro la mibadwo iliyonse zakwera kwambiri. Tsatanetsatane ndi uwu:
1. PCIe 1.0: Liwiro lalikulu kwambiri la chiphunzitso mu PCIe 1.0 ndi 250 MB/s, zomwe makamaka zimathetsa vuto la vuto la mabasi ofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha deta chikwere poyamba.
2. PCIe 2.0: Mbadwo uwu wa PCIe x1 wamba uli ndi liwiro lalikulu la chiphunzitso cha 500 MB/s ndipo umasunga njira yolembera ya 8b/10b.
3. PCIe 3.0: Mu m'badwo uno, liwiro lalikulu la PCIe x1 limawonjezeka kufika pa 1 GB/s. PCIe 3.0 imayambitsa njira yothandiza kwambiri yolembera ma code ya 128b/130b, yomwe imachepetsa deta yosafunikira pamene ikuwonjezera mphamvu yeniyeni yotumizira deta.
4. PCIe 4.0: Pansi pa muyezo uwu, liwiro lalikulu kwambiri la PCIe x1 ndi 2 GB/s. PCIe 4.0 imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kusamutsa deta kufika pa 16 GT/s ndipo ikupitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolondola ya 128b/130b, zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri bandwidth.
5. PCIe 5.0: Mbadwo uwu wa PCIe x1 uli ndi liwiro lalikulu la 4 GB/s ndi liwiro losamutsa la 32 GT/s, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigwirizane ndi kumbuyo pomwe zikupereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba amagetsi.
3. Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mipata ya PCIe ndi iti?
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mipata ya PCIe imabwera m'makulidwe osiyanasiyana kapena makonzedwe osiyanasiyana, omwe ambiri mwa iwo ndi x1, x4, x8, ndi x16. Nayi mawu oyamba mwatsatanetsatane:
PCIe x1: Iyi ndi malo ang'onoang'ono kwambiri a PCIe okhala ndi njira imodzi yolumikizirana deta. Malo a PCIe x1 nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakhadi okulitsa omwe si ovuta, monga makadi amawu, makadi a netiweki, ndi ma adaputala a Wi-Fi.
PCIe x4: Malo awa ali ndi njira zinayi zotumizira deta. Amapereka bandwidth yochulukirapo kuposa malo a x1 ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakhadi osiyanasiyana okulitsa, kuphatikizapo owongolera zosungira, makadi a RAID, ndi makadi ena amawu.
PCIe x8: Malo awa ali ndi njira 8 za data, zomwe zimapereka bandwidth yochulukirapo. Malo awa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakhadi okulitsa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba omwe amafunikira kuchuluka kwa data yosamutsa, monga ma adapter ena a netiweki ndi makadi odzipangira okha deta.
PCIe x16: Iyi ndi malo akuluakulu a PCIe, okhala ndi njira 16 za data. Malo oikamo PCIe x16 amagwirizanitsidwa ndi makadi ojambula zithunzi (GPU) ndipo amapereka bandwidth yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe imapezeka pama motherboards wamba a ogula. Makina apamwamba amasewera, kupanga zomwe zili, ndi makina ogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo oikamo PCIe x16 kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi mwamphamvu.
4. Kodi njira ya PCIe ndi chiyani?
Mukasankha kuphatikiza khadi lokulitsa la bolodi la amayi, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti njira ya PCIe ndi chiyani. Njira ya PCIe ndi pini yoyendetsera mkati mwa malo a PCIe. Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa malo a PCIe kumasonyezanso kuchuluka kwa njira za PCIe. Mwachitsanzo, malo a PCIe x16 ali ndi njira za x16 PCIe, pomwe malo a PCIe x1 ali ndi njira za x1 PCIe.
Bokosi la amayi lodziwika bwino nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi njira za PCIe pafupifupi 20 mpaka 24, zomwe zimagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana a PCIe, koma malo ena a PCIe akhoza kukhala ndi njira zambiri za data kuposa kukula kwawo, ndipo malo ena a PCIe x16 akhoza kukhala ndi njira za x8 PCIe zokha, koma sipadzakhala vuto pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, ndipo amathanso kuthandizira kulumikizana kwa makadi ojambula a GPU.
5. Kodi ntchito ya PCIe X1 slot ndi yotani?
Ngakhale kuti malo olumikizirana a PCIe x1 ali ndi njira imodzi yokha ya PCIe, amasewerabe gawo linalake ndipo amatha kulumikiza mitundu yambiri ya makadi okulitsa, monga ma modem ndi makadi a network, makadi amawu, makadi okulitsa a SATA, makadi okulitsa madoko a USB, makadi otulutsira ma TV, makadi ojambula makanema, makadi a adapter, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zidzakudziwitsani chimodzi ndi chimodzi.
1. Ma modemu ndi makadi a netiweki
Mungagwiritse ntchito malo a PCIe x1 kuti muwonjezere makadi owonjezera opanda zingwe kapena opanda waya ku bolodi la amayi, monga makadi a PCIe x1 WiFi kapena makadi a 1G PCIe Ethernet. Ma bolodi a amayi apakompyuta nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi Ethernet yomangidwa mkati, koma makadi a PCIe x1 Wi-Fi ndi njira imodzi yowonjezera kulumikizana kwa Wi-Fi ku kompyuta yanu.
Malo olumikizirana a PCIe x1 amatha kuthandiza mitundu yonse ya makadi opanda zingwe a netiweki, kuphatikiza protocol yaposachedwa ya Wi-Fi 6, koma amatha kuthandiza makadi amodzi okha a Gigabit Ethernet kapena RJ45 Ethernet LAN (network yapafupi).
2. Makadi omveka
Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amaona kuti mawu ndi abwino kwambiri amatha kuyika khadi la mawu pa malo a PCIe x1 kuti apeze mawu abwino kwambiri komanso olondola, komanso chitetezo chabwino ku kusokonezedwa ndi maginito.
3. Khadi lokulitsa la SATA
Ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera ma hard drive ambiri a SATA ku kompyuta yanu, mutha kupeza khadi lokulitsa la PCIe x1 SATA kuti muwonjezere ma SATA ports ambiri. Ma SATA SSD ali ndi liwiro losamutsa deta pafupifupi 550 Mbps, ma SATA HDD ali ndi liwiro losamutsa deta pafupifupi 150 Mbps, ndipo malo a PCIe x1 a m'badwo wachitatu ali ndi liwiro losamutsa deta la 1Gbps, lomwe silidzakhala ndi vuto poyendetsa ma SATA storage drives angapo.
4. Khadi lokulitsa doko la USB
PCIe x1 ingathandizenso kukulitsa madoko a USB. Ma I/O ena amathanso kuwonjezeredwa kudzera mu PCIe x1 slot. Ingopezani khadi lokulitsa la I/O lomwe lili ndi PCIe x1 form factor.
5. Khadi lochunira TV
Ntchito ina ya PCIe x1 slot ndi khadi lotulutsira TV. Pogwiritsa ntchito khadi la TV la PCIe x1, mutha kulola chipangizo chanu kulandira zizindikiro za TV ndikuzisintha mwachindunji kukhala TV. Makhadi ena amathanso kulola kompyuta kujambula mapulogalamu a pa TV mwachindunji kuchokera pa chingwe kuti iwawonere mtsogolo.
6. Khadi lojambula kanema
Khadi lojambula makanema limalola kompyuta kulandira kanema wochokera ku kamera kapena chipangizo china chakunja (monga chojambulira masewera, TV, kapena DVD player) ndikusintha zizindikiro za makanema izi kukhala deta ya digito yomwe ingasungidwe pa kompyuta. Deta yosinthidwa iyi ikhoza kutumizidwa nthawi yeniyeni kapena kusungidwa kuti ikonzedwe mtsogolo.
7. Khadi lokwezera
Ngati mukufuna malo ambiri oikamo ma PCIe, mungagwiritse ntchito khadi lowonjezera la PCIe, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti wogawa. Mukalumikiza khadi lowonjezera la PCIe, kuchuluka kwa malo okha ndi komwe kudzawonjezeka, koma bandwidth ya PCIe sidzasintha ndipo idzagawidwa mofanana pakati pa malo oikamo ma PCIe pa khadi lowonjezera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, khadi lowonjezera lokhala ndi malo anayi a PCIe x1 olumikizidwa ku malo oikamo ma PCIe x1 lidzakhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a bandwidth ya PCIe x1 pa malo aliwonse.
6. Kodi kusiyana pakati pa mibadwo yosiyanasiyana ya mipata ya PCIe ndi kotani?
Kukula kwa malo osungira ma PCIe kwadutsa mibadwo ingapo mpaka pano, ndipo mbadwo uliwonse wasinthidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa data, bandwidth ndi ntchito zake:
PCIe 1.0 / 1.1:
1.0 idatulutsidwa mu 2003, ndipo 1.1 idatulutsidwa patatha zaka ziwiri (2005). bandwidth yayikulu pa njira iliyonse idakulitsidwa kuchoka pa 250MB/s kufika pa 250 MB/s; bandwidth yayikulu ya x16 slot idatsala pa 4GB/s. Iyi ndi m'badwo woyamba wa PCIe, womwe umayambitsa liwiro lalikulu kuposa ma PCI interfaces am'mbuyomu.
PCIe 2.0:
Pofika mu 2007, mibadwo yachiwiri ya mipata ya PCIe inatulutsidwa, kuwirikiza kawiri bandwidth yayikulu pa njira iliyonse kufika pa 500 MB/s, ndipo liwiro lalikulu la bandwidth x16 slot linawonjezekanso kufika pa 8GB/s, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito onse azitha kuyenda bwino.
PCIe 3.0:
Yasinthidwa kukhala m'badwo wachitatu mu 2010, yokhala ndi bandwidth yayikulu ya 1 GB/s pa njira iliyonse ndi bandwidth yayikulu ya 16 GB/s pa malo osungira x16. Poyerekeza ndi m'badwo wakale, kuchuluka kwa deta pa njira iliyonse kwawirikiza kawiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yokwera kwambiri pa mapulogalamu ovuta.
PCIe 4.0:
Chogulitsa cha m'badwo wachinayi chinatulutsidwa mu 2017, ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa m'badwo wakale ndi m'badwo wakale. Poyerekeza ndi PCIe 3.0, kuchuluka kwa deta pa njira iliyonse kwawirikiza kawiri, zomwe zapereka bandwidth yochulukirapo ya makadi ojambula zithunzi ogwira ntchito bwino komanso njira zosungira.
PCIe 5.0:
Mu 2019, PCIe 5.0 idayambitsidwa, yokhala ndi bandwidth yayikulu ya 4GB/s pa njira iliyonse ndi bandwidth yayikulu ya 64GB/s pa malo osungira x16, yoyenera mapulogalamu atsopano omwe amagwiritsa ntchito deta yambiri.
PCIe 6.0:
Pofika chaka cha 2022, idzasinthidwa kukhala m'badwo wachisanu ndi chimodzi, womwenso ndi mbadwo waposachedwa kwambiri mpaka pano. Bandwidth yayikulu ya njira iliyonse imawonjezeka kufika pa 8GB/s, ndipo bandwidth yayikulu ya malo a x16 yafika pa 128GB/s, zomwe zimaswa malire otumizira deta mwachangu kwambiri a machitidwe amtsogolo.
7. Chidule
Mwachidule, liwiro lolumikizira la malo osungira ma PCIe lawonjezeka kawiri pa mbadwo uliwonse. Kapangidwe katsopano ka PCIe kamakhala kofulumira kwambiri kuposa ma processor omwe akugulitsidwa pamsika, zomwe zachititsa kuti malonda a zinthu za hardware azikhala ofulumira kwambiri popanga ma PCIe. Pakadali pano, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso yotchuka pamsika ndi PCIe Gen 4, makamaka pamakina ogwiritsira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'malo osungira deta, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu
makompyuta a mafakitale oyika rackmountNdikukhulupirira kuti posachedwa, m'badwo wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa PCIe udzatithandiza kwambiri, mwina kupeza mapulogalamu m'zida monga
Ma PC a mafakitale a 2U,
PC 4U ya mafakitalendi
Ma PC ang'onoang'ono opanda fan.
Malangizo Owerengera:
Rackmount PC
Kompyuta Yophatikizidwa
Makompyuta Onyamulika a Mafakitale
Mapiritsi Olimba
Laputopu Yolimba
PC ya Industrial Panel
Chogwiridwa ndi M'manja Cholimba
Pulogalamu Yopangira Mafakitale ya Advantech
