Te Wewete i te Mokamoka PCIe x1: Tirohanga Whānui me ngā Whakamahinga Pea
2024-08-19 11:47:56
Ko te tikanga o PCIe ko Peripheral Component Interconnect Express. He paerewa atanga tere-teitei e hono ana i ngā wāhanga o roto o te rorohiko. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei hono i ngā kāri whakawhānui ki te papahoahoa, tae atu ki ngā kāri whakairoiro, ngā kāri whatunga, me ngā kāri kohikohi raraunga.
He rerekē te rahi o ngā mokamoka PCIe. Ko ngā whirihoranga mokamoka noa ko te x1, x4, x8, me te x16, e tohu ana i te maha o ngā hongere raraunga e wātea ana mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ko te nui ake o te uara, ko te tere ake o te whakawhiti raraunga i waenga i te papahoahoa me te kāri toronga.
Hei tāpiritanga, tera pea ka hototahi ngā āhuatanga rerekē ki runga ake. Hei tauira, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i tētahi kāri toronga x1 i runga i ngā whirihoranga x4, x8, me te x16. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i tētahi kāri ka taea te whakamahi i runga i tētahi whirihoranga x8 i runga i tētahi whirihoranga x16.
Rārangi Kaupapa
1. He aha te mokamoka PCIe x1?
He atanga whakawhānui te mokamoka PCIe x1 me te ara PCIe kotahi. Koinei te mokamoka PCI Express iti rawa me te iti rawa o te kaha whakawhiti, engari he tino pai mō ngā momo kāri PCIe iti-mana.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea te whakanoho i ngā kāri PCIe x1 ki roto i tētahi mokamoka whānui PCIe, tae atu ki ngā mokamoka x4, x8, me te x16. He maha ngā wā ka warewarehia e te tangata te kaupapa o te mokamoka PCIe x1, engari ka whakamāramahia e mātou i raro nei.
2. He aha te tere mōrahi o te PCIe x1?
Ka rerekē te tere mōrahi o te PCIe x1 i ia whakatipuranga. Ka piki ake te tere o te whanaketanga hangarau. Mai i te PCIe 1.0 ki te PCIe 6.0 hou rawa atu, kua tino piki ake te whānui me te tere o ia whakatipuranga. Ko ngā taipitopito e whai ake nei:
1. PCIe 1.0: Ko te tere ariā mōrahi i roto i te PCIe 1.0 he 250 MB/s, e aro nui ana ki te raruraru aukati pahi whakarara, ka hua ake he pikinga tuatahi o te tere whakawhiti raraunga.
2. PCIe 2.0: Ko te tere mōrahi o tēnei whakatupuranga o te PCIe x1 paerewa he 500 MB/s, ā, e mau tonu ana te tikanga whakawaehere 8b/10b.
3. PCIe 3.0: I tēnei whakatipuranga, ka whakapikihia te tere mōrahi o te PCIe x1 ki te 1 GB/s. Ka whakauruhia e te PCIe 3.0 tētahi tikanga whakawaehere 128b/130b whai hua ake, e whakaiti ana i ngā raraunga kore e hiahiatia ana, me te whakanui ake i te pai o te tuku raraunga tuturu.
4. PCIe 4.0: I raro i tēnei paerewa, ko te tere ariā mōrahi o PCIe x1 he 2 GB/s. Ka whakanuia e PCIe 4.0 te tere whakawhiti ki te 16 GT/s, ā, ka whakamahia tonutia te kaupapa whakawaehere 128b/130b whai hua, ka tino whakanuia te whānui o te hononga.
5. PCIe 5.0: Ko te tere mōrahi o tēnei whakatupuranga o te PCIe x1 he 4 GB/s me te tere whakawhiti he 32 GT/s, e whakarite ana i te hototahi whakamuri me te whakarato i te arotautanga mahi hiko teitei ake.
3. He aha ngā momo mokamoka PCIe rerekē?
E ai ki te kōrero i runga ake nei, he maha ngā rahi, ngā whirihoranga rānei o ngā mokamoka PCIe, ko te mea tino noa ko te x1, x4, x8, me te x16. Anei tētahi whakataki taipitopito:
PCIe x1: Koinei te mokamoka PCIe iti rawa me te hongere kotahi mō te whakawhitiwhiti raraunga. Ko ngā mokamoka PCIe x1 e whakamahia ana mō ngā kāri whakawhānui kāore e nui te taumaha, pērā i ngā kāri oro, ngā kāri whatunga, me ngā urutau Wi-Fi.
PCIe x4: E whā ngā hongere o tēnei mokamoka mō te tuku raraunga. He nui ake te whānui o te hononga e tukuna ana e ia i te mokamoka x1, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā momo kāri whakawhānui, tae atu ki ngā kaiwhakahaere rokiroki, ngā kāri RAID, me ētahi kāri oro.
PCIe x8: E waru ngā ara raraunga o tēnei mokamoka, e whakarato ana i te whānui o te hononga. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ēnei mokamoka mō ngā kāri whakawhānui mahi-teitei e hiahia ana ki ngā tere whakawhiti raraunga teitei ake, pērā i ētahi urutau whatunga me ngā kāri kohikohi raraunga motuhake.
PCIe x16: Koinei te mokamoka PCIe nui rawa atu, me ngā ara raraunga 16. E hono ana ngā mokamoka PCIe x16 ki ngā kāri whakairoiro (GPU) ā, e whakarato ana i te whānui o te whānui e wātea ana i runga i ngā papahoahoa kaihoko paerewa. He maha ngā wā ka whakauruhia ngā pūnaha petipeti teitei, te hanga ihirangi, me te teihana mahi ki ngā mokamoka PCIe x16 mō ngā āheinga tukatuka whakairoiro kaha.
4. He aha te hongere PCIe?
I te wā e whakatau ana koe i te huinga kāri whānui o te papahoahoa, me mārama koe he aha te hongere PCIe. Ko te hongere PCIe he titi arataki i roto i te mokamoka PCIe. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te rahi o te mokamoka PCIe e tohu ana hoki i te maha o ngā hongere PCIe. Hei tauira, he x16 ngā hongere PCIe o te mokamoka PCIe x16, ko te mokamoka PCIe x1 he x1 ngā hongere PCIe.
He 20 ki te 24 ngā hongere PCIe o tētahi papahoahoa paerewa, e horapa ana puta noa i ngā mokamoka PCIe rerekē kua hangaia ki runga, engari ko ētahi mokamoka PCIe he nui ake ngā hongere raraunga i tō rātou rahi, ā, ko ētahi mokamoka PCIe x16 he x8 noa iho ngā hongere PCIe, engari kāore he raruraru i te whakamahinga tuturu, ā, ka taea hoki e rātou te tautoko i ngā hononga kāri whakairoiro GPU.
5. He aha ngā whakamahinga o te mokamoka PCIe X1?
Ahakoa kotahi anake te hongere PCIe o te mokamoka PCIe x1, he mahi motuhake tonu tāna, ā, ka taea te hono i ngā momo kāri whānui maha, pērā i ngā pouwhanga me ngā kāri whatunga, ngā kāri oro, ngā kāri whānui SATA, ngā kāri whānui tauranga USB, ngā kāri pouaka whakaata, ngā kāri hopu ataata, ngā kāri urutau, me ētahi atu, ka whakaaturia takitahitia ēnei ki a koutou.
1. Ngā modem me ngā kāri whatunga
Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te mokamoka PCIe x1 hei tāpiri kāri whānui waea, ahokore rānei ki te papahoahoa, pērā i ngā kāri WiFi PCIe x1, ngā kāri Ethernet 1G PCIe rānei. He maha ngā wā he Ethernet kua hangaia ki roto i ngā papahoahoa rorohiko, engari ko ngā kāri Wi-Fi PCIe x1 tētahi o ngā huarahi hei tāpiri hononga Wi-Fi ki tō rorohiko.
Ka taea e te mokamoka PCIe x1 te tautoko i ngā momo kāri whatunga ahokore katoa, tae atu ki te kawa Wi-Fi 6 hou, engari ka taea anake te tautoko i ngā kāri Gigabit Ethernet 1, RJ45 Ethernet LAN (whatunga rohe) rānei.
2. Ngā kāri oro
Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi e whakanui ana i te kounga oro te tāuta i tētahi kāri oro ki te mokamoka PCIe x1 kia pai ake ai te kounga oro, kia tika ake ai hoki te oro, ā, kia pai ake ai te ārai i te pokanoa hikohiko.
3. Kāri whānui SATA
Ki te hiahia koe ki te tāpiri i ētahi atu puku mārō SATA ki tō rorohiko, ka taea e koe te tiki kāri whānui PCIe x1 SATA hei tāpiri i ētahi atu tauranga SATA. Ko te tere whakawhiti raraunga o ngā SSD SATA he tata ki te 550 Mbps, ko te tere whakawhiti raraunga o ngā HDD SATA he tata ki te 150 Mbps, ā, ko te tere whakawhiti raraunga o te mokamoka PCIe x1 o te whakatupuranga tuatoru he 1Gbps, e kore e raru ki te whakahaere i ngā puku rokiroki SATA maha.
4. Kāri whakawhānui tauranga USB
Ka taea hoki e te PCIe x1 te tautoko i te whakawhānui i te tauranga USB. Ka taea hoki te tāpiri i ētahi atu I/O mā te mokamoka PCIe x1. Kimihia he kāri whakawhānui I/O me te āhua PCIe x1.
5. Kāri whakahāngai pouaka whakaata
Ko tētahi atu whakamahinga mō te mokamoka PCIe x1 ko te kāri whakahāngai pouaka whakaata. Mā te whakamahi i te kāri pouaka whakaata PCIe x1, ka taea e koe te tuku i tō pūrere kia whiwhi tohu pouaka whakaata, ā, ka huri tika atu ki te pouaka whakaata. Ka taea e ētahi kāri te tuku i te rorohiko ki te hopu i ngā whakaaturanga pouaka whakaata ora mai i te taura hei mātakitaki ā muri ake nei.
6. Kāri hopu ataata
Mā te kāri hopu ataata ka taea e te rorohiko te whiwhi i tētahi pūtake ataata mai i tētahi kāmera, i tētahi atu taputapu o waho rānei (pēnei i te papatohu kēmu, pouaka whakaata, kaitākaro DVD rānei) ka huri i ēnei tohu ataata hei raraunga matihiko ka taea te penapena ki te rorohiko. Ka taea te rere i ēnei raraunga kua tahurihia i te wā tūturu, te tiaki rānei mō te whakatika i muri mai.
7. Kāri whakaara
Mena e hiahia ana koe ki ētahi atu mokamoka PCIe, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi kāri whakaneke PCIe, e mōhiotia ana ko te kaituku. I muri i te honotanga o tētahi kāri whakaneke PCIe, ko te maha o ngā mokamoka anake ka piki ake, engari ko te whānui o te PCIe ka noho tonu, ā, ka tohatoha ōrite i waenga i ngā mokamoka PCIe i runga i te kāri whakaneke. Arā, ko tētahi kāri whakaneke me ngā mokamoka PCIe x1 e whā e hono ana ki tētahi mokamoka PCIe x1, ka whai hauwhā o te whānui o te PCIe x1 i ia mokamoka.
6. He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā whakatupuranga rerekē o ngā mokamoka PCIe?
Kua maha ngā whakatipuranga kua whanakehia ngā mokamoka PCIe, ā, kua whakapai ake i ia whakatipuranga te tere whakawhiti raraunga, te whānui o te hononga me ngā mahi:
PCIe 1.0 / 1.1:
I tukuna te putanga 1.0 i te tau 2003, ā, i tukuna te putanga 1.1 i ngā tau e rua i muri mai (2005). I whakapikihia te whānui mōrahi mō ia hongere mai i te 250MB/s ki te 250 MB/s; i noho tonu te whānui mōrahi o te mokamoka x16 ki te 4GB/s. Koinei te whakatupuranga tuatahi o PCIe, e whakaatu ana i ngā tere teitei ake i ngā atanga PCI o mua.
PCIe 2.0:
I te tau 2007, i tukuna te whakatupuranga tuarua o ngā mokamoka PCIe, ka rua te whānui mōrahi o ia hongere ki te 500 MB/s, ā, ka piki ake te tere mōrahi o te mokamoka x16 ki te 8GB/s, ka whakapai ake i te mahi whānui.
PCIe 3.0:
I whakapai ake ki te whakatupuranga tuatoru i te tau 2010, me te whānui mōrahi o te 1 GB/s mō ia hongere me te whānui mōrahi o te 16 GB/s mō ngā mokamoka x16. Ki te whakatauritea ki te whakatupuranga o mua, kua rua te tere raraunga mō ia hongere, e whakarato ana i te mahi teitei ake mō ngā tono uaua.
PCIe 4.0:
I tukuna te hua o te whakatupuranga tuawhā i te tau 2017, me te āputa roa ake i waenga i te whakatupuranga o mua me te whakatupuranga o mua. Ki te whakatauritea ki te PCIe 3.0, kua rua anō te tere raraunga mō ia hongere, e whakarato ana i te whānui ake o te whānui mō ngā kāri whakairoiro mahi-teitei me ngā otinga rokiroki.
PCIe 5.0:
I te tau 2019, i whakarewaina te PCIe 5.0, me te whānui mōrahi o te 4GB/s mō ia hongere, me te whānui mōrahi o te 64GB/s mō ngā mokamoka x16, he mea e tika ana mō ngā tono raraunga-nui hou.
PCIe 6.0:
Hei te tau 2022, ka whakahoutia ki te whakatupuranga tuaono, koinei hoki te whakatupuranga hou rawa atu. Ka whakanuia te whānui mōrahi o ia hongere ki te 8GB/s, ā, kua eke te whānui mōrahi o te mokamoka x16 ki te 128GB/s, ka pakaru te rohe tuku raraunga tere-teitei o ngā pūnaha o muri mai.
7. whakarāpopototanga
Hei whakarāpopototanga, kua piki rua te tere hononga o ngā mokamoka PCIe i ia whakatipuranga. He tere ake te auahatanga hoahoa PCIe hou i ngā tukatuka e hokona ana i te mākete i tēnei wā, ā, kua whakaroahia te hokohoko o ngā hua taputapu me ngā tere whakaputa PCIe tere ake. I tēnei wā, ko te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e rongonui ana hoki i te mākete ko te PCIe Gen 4, inā koa i roto i te rorohiko mahi-teitei i roto i ngā pokapū raraunga, e whakamahia pinepinetia ana i roto i
ngā rorohiko whakairinga whatanga ahumahi. E whakapono ana ahau ā te wā tata nei, ka horapa te whakatupuranga tuaono o PCIe ki ō tātou ao, ka kitea pea ngā tono i roto i ngā taputapu pēnei i
Ngā rorohiko ahumahi 2U,
rorohiko ahumahi 4U, me
ngā rorohiko iti pakari kāore he pā.
Ngā Pānui e Taunakihia ana:
Rorohiko Whakamau Whatanga
Rorohiko Whakauru
Ngā Rorohiko Kawe Ahumahi
Papa Pakari
Pona Pūmau
Rorohiko Paewhiri Ahumahi
Ringaringa pakari
Rorohiko Ahumahi Advantech
