Gufungura PCIe x1 Slot: Incamake n'Ikoreshwa Rishoboka
2024-08-19 11:47:56
PCIe isobanura Peripheral Component Interconnect Express. Ni uburyo bworoshye bwo guhuza ibice bitandukanye bya mudasobwa imbere. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhuza amakarita yo kwagura kuri motherboard, harimo amakarita y'amashusho, amakarita ya network, n'amakarita yo gukusanya amakuru.
Imiyoboro ya PCIe iratandukanye mu bunini. Imiterere isanzwe y'imiyoboro irimo x1, x4, x8, na x16, igaragaza umubare w'imiyoboro y'amakuru iboneka yo gutumanaho. Uko agaciro kayo kaba kanini, niko amakuru yoherezwa vuba hagati ya motherboard na extension card.
Byongeye kandi, ibipimo bitandukanye bishobora kuba bihuye n’ibipimo byo hejuru. Urugero, ikarita yongereweho ya x1 ishobora no gukoreshwa ku bipimo bya x4, x8, na x16. Ikarita ishobora gukoreshwa ku bipimo bya x8 ishobora no gukoreshwa ku bipimo bya x16.
Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko
1. Akadomo ka PCIe x1 ni iki?
Umuyoboro wa PCIe x1 ni uburyo bwo kwagura porogaramu bufite umurongo umwe wa PCIe. Ni wo mwanya muto wa PCI Express ufite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha mudasobwa nke, nyamara ni mwiza ku makarita atandukanye ya PCIe afite imbaraga nke.
Byongeye kandi, amakarita ya PCIe x1 ashobora gushyirwa mu mwanya uwo ari wo wose wo kwagura PCIe, harimo n'umwanya wa x4, x8, na x16. Abantu bakunze kwirengagiza intego y'umwanya wa PCIe x1, ariko tuzabisobanura mu buryo burambuye hepfo.
2. Ni uwuhe muvuduko ntarengwa wa PCIe x1?
Umuvuduko ntarengwa wa PCIe x1 urahinduka bitewe n'igihe. Umuvuduko w'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga uriyongera. Kuva kuri PCIe 1.0 kugeza kuri PCIe 6.0 iheruka, bandwidth n'umuvuduko wa buri gisekuru byazamutse cyane. Ibisobanuro birambuye ni ibi bikurikira:
1. PCIe 1.0: Umuvuduko ntarengwa wa teorike muri PCIe 1.0 ni 250 MB/s, ibi bikaba bikemura ikibazo cy’imbogamizi za bisi, bigatuma igipimo cyo kohereza amakuru kizamuka mbere.
2. PCIe 2.0: Iki gisekuru cya PCIe x1 gisanzwe gifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wa teyorike wa 500 MB/s kandi gikomeza gukoresha tekiniki ya 8b/10b.
3. PCIe 3.0: Muri iki gisekuru, umuvuduko ntarengwa wa PCIe x1 wongerewe ukagera kuri 1 GB/s. PCIe 3.0 ishyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gusimbuza 128b/130b, bugabanya amakuru adakenewe mu gihe bwongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza amakuru nyayo.
4. PCIe 4.0: Muri ubu buryo, umuvuduko ntarengwa wa teorike wa PCIe x1 ni 2 GB/s. PCIe 4.0 yongera igipimo cyo kohereza kuri 16 GT/s kandi ikomeza gukoresha gahunda nziza yo gusimbuza 128b/130b, yongera cyane bandwidth.
5. PCIe 5.0: Iki gisekuru cya PCIe x1 gifite umuvuduko ntarengwa wa teorike wa 4 GB/s n'igipimo cyo kohereza cya 32 GT/s, bitanga ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza amashanyarazi mu gihe gitanga ubushobozi bwo kunoza imikorere y'amashanyarazi.
3. Ni ubuhe bwoko butandukanye bw'imirongo ya PCIe?
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, imiyoboro ya PCIe iza mu bunini butandukanye cyangwa imiterere itandukanye, ikunze gukoreshwa cyane muri yo irimo x1, x4, x8, na x16. Dore incamake irambuye:
PCIe x1: Uyu ni wo mwanya muto wa PCIe ufite umuyoboro umwe wo gutumanaho amakuru. Imiyoboro ya PCIe x1 ikunze gukoreshwa ku makarita yo kwagura adasaba imbaraga nyinshi, nka amakarita y'amajwi, amakarita ya network, na adaptateri za Wi-Fi.
PCIe x4: Iyi slot ifite imiyoboro ine yo kohereza amakuru. Itanga bandwidth nyinshi kurusha slot ya x1 kandi ikunze gukoreshwa ku makarita atandukanye yo kwagura, harimo ububiko bw'amakuru, amakarita ya RAID, na amwe mu makarita y'amajwi.
PCIe x8: Iyi mbuga ifite imirongo 8 y'amakuru, itanga bandwidth nini. Iyi mbuga ikunze gukoreshwa ku makarita yo kwagura ikoranabuhanga rihambaye asaba kohereza amakuru menshi, nka adaptateri zimwe na zimwe z'umuyoboro w'amakuru n'amakarita yihariye yo kubona amakuru.
PCIe x16: Iyi niyo PCIe slot nini cyane, ifite imirongo 16 y'amakuru. Imirongo ya PCIe x16 ifitanye isano n'amakarita y'amashusho (GPU) kandi itanga umuyoboro munini cyane uboneka kuri motherboard zisanzwe. Imikino yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, gukora ibikubiye muri porogaramu, na sisitemu z'akazi akenshi ziba zifite PCIe x16 slots zo gutunganya amashusho cyane.
4. Umuyoboro wa PCIe ni iki?
Mu gihe uhisemo guhuza ikarita yo kwagura ya motherboard, ugomba gusobanukirwa icyo umuyoboro wa PCIe ari cyo. Umuyoboro wa PCIe ni agapira k'umuyoboro kari imbere muri PCIe. Ubusanzwe, ingano y'umuyoboro wa PCIe igaragaza kandi umubare w'imiyoboro ya PCIe. Urugero, umuyoboro wa PCIe x16 ufite imiyoboro ya PCIe x16, mu gihe umuyoboro wa PCIe x1 ufite imiyoboro ya PCIe x1.
Ikinyamakuru gisanzwe kiba gifite imiyoboro ya PCIe igera kuri 20 kugeza kuri 24, ikwirakwizwa mu miyoboro itandukanye ya PCIe, ariko imiyoboro ya PCIe imwe ishobora kugira imiyoboro myinshi y'amakuru kurusha ingano yayo, naho imiyoboro ya PCIe x16 imwe ishobora kugira imiyoboro ya PCIe x8 gusa, ariko nta kibazo kizaba mu mikoreshereze nyayo, kandi ishobora no gushyigikira guhuza amakarita ya GPU.
5. Ni izihe nyungu zo gukoresha PCIe X1 slot?
Nubwo PCIe x1 slot ifite umuyoboro umwe gusa wa PCIe, iracyafite uruhare rwihariye kandi ishobora guhuza ubwoko bwinshi bw'amakarita yo kwagura, nka modems na network card, amakarita y'amajwi, amakarita yo kwagura SATA, amakarita yo kwagura port ya USB, amakarita yo gupima televiziyo, amakarita yo gufata amashusho, amakarita ya adaptateri, nibindi, bizakwerekana imwe imwe.
1. Modemu n'amakarita ya interineti
Ushobora gukoresha PCIe x1 slot kugira ngo wongere amakarita yo kwagura akoresha insinga cyangwa umugozi kuri motherboard, nka PCIe x1 WiFi cards cyangwa 1G PCIe Ethernet cards. Motherboard za mudasobwa ubusanzwe ziba zifite Ethernet yubatswemo, ariko PCIe x1 Wi-Fi cards ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kongeramo Wi-Fi connectivity kuri mudasobwa yawe.
Umuyoboro wa PCIe x1 ushobora gushyigikira ubwoko bwose bw'amakarita ya interineti adafite insinga, harimo na protocole igezweho ya Wi-Fi 6, ariko ushobora gushyigikira gusa amakarita 1 ya Gigabit Ethernet cyangwa RJ45 Ethernet LAN (umuyoboro w'akarere).
2. Amakarita y'amajwi
Abakoresha baha agaciro ubuziranenge bw'amajwi bashobora gushyiramo ikarita y'amajwi kuri PCIe x1 slot kugira ngo babone ubuziranenge bw'amajwi n'amajwi nyayo, kandi barusheho kurinda ingaruka z'amashanyarazi.
3. Ikarita yo kwagura SATA
Niba ushaka kongeramo izindi disiki za SATA kuri mudasobwa yawe, ushobora kubona ikarita yo kwagura SATA ya PCIe x1 kugira ngo wongereho izindi ports za SATA. SSD za SATA zifite umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru ungana na 550 Mbps, HDD za SATA zifite umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru ungana na 150 Mbps, naho agace ka PCIe x1 ko mu gisekuru cya gatatu gafite umuvuduko wo kohereza amakuru ungana na 1Gbps, ibyo bikaba nta kibazo bizahura nacyo mu gucunga disiki nyinshi za SATA.
4. Ikarita yo kwagura umuyoboro wa USB
PCIe x1 ishobora kandi gushyigikira kwagura umuyoboro wa USB. Indi I/O ishobora no kongerwamo binyuze muri PCIe x1. Shaka gusa ikarita yo kwagura I/O ifite PCIe x1 form factor.
5. Ikarita ya televiziyo
Indi mikoreshereze ya PCIe x1 slot ni ikarita ya televiziyo. Ukoresheje ikarita ya televiziyo ya PCIe x1, ushobora kwemerera igikoresho cyawe kwakira ibimenyetso bya televiziyo no kubihindura kuri televiziyo. Hari amakarita amwe ashobora no kwemerera mudasobwa gufata ibiganiro bya televiziyo imbonankubone uhereye kuri cable kugira ngo ireberwe nyuma.
6. Ikarita yo gufata amashusho
Ikarita yo gufata amashusho yemerera mudasobwa kwakira amashusho ayo ari yo yose aturutse kuri kamera cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyo hanze (nk'icyuma gikoresha imikino, televiziyo, cyangwa DVD player) no guhindura ayo mashusho mo amakuru ya digitale ashobora kubikwa kuri mudasobwa. Ayo makuru yahinduwe ashobora koherezwa mu buryo bwihuse cyangwa akabikwa kugira ngo ahindurwe nyuma.
7. Ikarita izamuka
Niba ukeneye izindi PCIe slots, ushobora gukoresha PCIe riser card, izwi kandi nka distributor. Nyuma yo guhuza PCIe riser card, umubare w'imashini ni wo wonyine uziyongera, ariko bandwidth ya PCIe izakomeza kuba nta gihindutse kandi igakwirakwizwa ku buryo bungana hagati y'imashini za PCIe kuri PCIe riser card. Ni ukuvuga ko karita rishinzwe riser ifite PCIe x1 slots enye zihujwe na PCIe x1 slot izaba ifite kimwe cya kane cy'imashini ya PCIe x1 kuri buri mwanya.
6. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ibisekuru bitandukanye by'imirongo ya PCIe?
Iterambere rya PCIe slots ryanyuze mu bisekuru byinshi kugeza ubu, kandi buri gisekuru cyaravuguruwe mu bijyanye n'igipimo cyo kohereza amakuru, bandwidth n'imikorere:
PCIe 1.0 / 1.1:
1.0 yasohotse mu 2003, naho 1.1 irasohoka nyuma y'imyaka ibiri (2005). Umuvuduko ntarengwa wa buri muyoboro wongerewe kuva kuri 250MB/s kugera kuri 250 MB/s; umuvuduko ntarengwa wa x16 wagumye kuri 4GB/s. Iki ni cyo gisekuru cya mbere cya PCIe, gitanga umuvuduko uri hejuru ugereranije na interface za PCI zabanje.
PCIe 2.0:
Mu 2007, imashini za PCIe zo mu cyiciro cya kabiri zasohotse, zikubye kabiri bandwidth ntarengwa kuri buri muyoboro igera kuri 500 MB/s, kandi umuvuduko ntarengwa wa bandwidth x16 na wo wiyongereye ugera kuri 8GB/s, binongera imikorere muri rusange.
PCIe 3.0:
Yazamuwe kugeza ku gisekuru cya gatatu mu 2010, ifite umuyoboro ntarengwa wa 1 GB/s kuri buri muyoboro n'umuyoboro ntarengwa wa 16 GB/s kuri buri muyoboro wa x16. Ugereranyije n'umuyoboro wabanje, igipimo cy'amakuru kuri buri muyoboro cyikubye kabiri, bitanga imikorere myiza ku bikorwa bisaba imbaraga nyinshi.
PCIe 4.0:
Igicuruzwa cyo mu gisekuru cya kane cyasohotse mu 2017, gifite intera ndende hagati y’igisekuru cyabanje n’icyabanjirije. Ugereranyije na PCIe 3.0, igipimo cy’amakuru kuri buri muyoboro cyongeye kwikuba kabiri, bitanga bandwidth nyinshi ku makarita y’amashusho akora neza cyane n’ibisubizo byo kubika amakuru.
PCIe 5.0:
Mu 2019, PCIe 5.0 yatangijwe, ifite umuyoboro ntarengwa wa 4GB/s kuri buri muyoboro n'umuyoboro ntarengwa wa 64GB/s kuri x16 slots, ikwiriye porogaramu nshya zikoresha amakuru menshi.
PCIe 6.0:
Mu 2022, izaba yazamuwe ikagera ku gisekuru cya 6, ari nacyo gishya cyagezweho kugeza ubu. Umuyoboro ntarengwa wa buri muyoboro wongerewe ukagera kuri 8GB/s, kandi umuyoboro ntarengwa wa x16 wageze kuri 128GB/s, bigabanya umupaka wo kohereza amakuru ku muvuduko mwinshi wa sisitemu z'ejo hazaza.
7. incamake
Muri make, umuvuduko wo guhuza PCIe slots wikubye kabiri uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana. Ubuhanga bugezweho mu miterere ya PCIe burihuta cyane kurusha ibyuma bitunganya PCIe bigurishwa ku isoko, ibyo bikaba byarateje gutinda mu gucuruza ibikoresho bya hardware hamwe n’umuvuduko wihuta wo gukora PCIe. Kuri ubu, ikoreshwa cyane kandi ikunzwe ku isoko ni PCIe Gen 4, cyane cyane mu mibare ifite imikorere myiza mu bigo by’amakuru, ikunze gukoreshwa muri
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