Telung cara kanggo nganyarke kernel sistem CentOS komputer industri

Sajrone panggunaan CentOS, mesthi wae kudu nganyarke kernel, nanging kadhangkala amarga masalah katergantungan kompilasi kode sumber, ora kabeh program ndhukung versi kernel paling anyar, mula ing ngisor iki bakal ngenalake telung cara kanggo nganyarke kernel.

Cathetan:
Babagan jinis kernel:
ml ing kernel-ml iku cekakan saka [mainline stable] ing basa Inggris, lan versi mainline stabil paling anyar kadhaptar ing elrepo-kernel.
Huruf lt ing kernel-lt kuwi cekakan saka [long term support] ing basa Inggris, lan versi dhukungan jangka panjang kadhaptar ing elrepo-kernel.
Priksa versi kernel
uname -r

Daftar Isi

• 1. instalasi yum
• 2. Instalasi RPM
• 3. Instalasi kode sumber

1. instalasi yum

1. Impor sumber repositori
rpm --impor https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
2. Deleng paket sing bisa diinstal
yum --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" dhaptar --showduplicates | sort -r | grep
kernel-ml.x86_64
3. Pilih versi ML utawa LT kanggo diinstal
Yen ora ana versi sing ditemtokake, versi paling anyar sing diinstal kanthi gawan
Instal versi ML
yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel nginstal kernel-ml-devel kernel-ml -y
Instal versi LT, pilih iki kanggo kabeh K8S
yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel nginstal kernel-lt-devel kernel-lt -y
4. Priksa urutan boot kernel saiki
awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg
5. Owahi item boot standar
xxx kuwi nomer seri, sing nemtokake item kaping x ing dhaptar boot minangka item boot, lan x wiwit ngetung saka 0
grub2-set-default xxxx
Umpamane, yen sampeyan pengin nyetel supaya boot nganggo kernel 4.4
banjur langsung ketik "grub2-set-default 0", lan sampeyan bisa miwiti saka 4.4 nalika sampeyan miwiti maneh
Priksa urutan boot kernel
[root@localhost ~] awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg
CentOS Linux (4.4.179-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Inti)
CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64) 7 (Inti)
CentOS Linux (0-rescue-6d4c599606814867814f1a8eec7bfd1e) 7 (Inti)
Nyetel nomer urutan boot
[root@localhost ~] grub2-set-default 0
Urip maneh
miwiti maneh
Priksa versi kernel
uname -r

2. Instalasi RPM

Priksa versi kernel
uname -r
1. Golekana versine
Amarga sumber ELRepo minangka versi paling anyar, versi kernel lawas mung bisa diundhuh kanthi manual.
Golek versi historis saka rpm kernel:
http://mirrors.coreix.net/elrepo-archive-archive/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/
2. Sampeyan kudu ndownload telung jinis rpm
wget
http://mirrors.coreix.net/elrepo-archive-archive/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-lt
devel-4.4.215-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wget
http://mirrors.coreix.net/elrepo-archive-archive/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-lt
header-4.4.215-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wget
http://mirrors.coreix.net/elrepo-archive-archive/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-lt-
4.4.215-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
3. Instal kernel
rpm -ivh kernel-lt-4.4.215-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh kernel-lt-devel-4.4.215-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
utawa
#Instal kabeh mung sak klik
rpm -Uvh *.rpm
4. Konfirmasi versi kernel sing wis diinstal
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep kernel
header-kernel-3.10.0-1160.15.2.el7.x86_64
kernel-devel-3.10.0-1160.49.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
kernel-ml-4.9.9-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
kernel-lt-4.4.215-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
piranti-kernel-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
kernel-lt-devel-4.4.215-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64

5. Setel wiwitan
Priksa urutan wiwitan
[root@localhost ~]# awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg
CentOS Linux (4.4.215-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Inti)
CentOS Linux (4.9.9-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Inti)
CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64) 7 (Inti)
CentOS Linux (0-rescue-b91f945269084aa98e8257311ee713c5) 7 (Inti)
Setel urutan boot
[root@localhost ~]# grub2-set-default 0
Urip maneh supaya efektif
[root@localhost ~]# urip maneh

3. Instalasi kode sumber

1. Instal paket piranti lunak inti
yum install -y gcc make git ctags ncurses-devel openssl-devel
yum install -y bison flex elfutils-libelf-devel bc
2. Gawe direktori kompilasi kernel
Gunakna direktori kernelbuild ing ngisor home
mkdir ~/kernelbuild
3. Entuk kode sumber kernel
Situs pangilon Universitas Tsinghua:
https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kernel/v4.x/?C=M&O=D
Alamat unduhan paket instalasi kode sumber liyane:
https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/
linux-4.xx.xx.tar.xz
linux-4.xx.xx.tar.gz
Kaloro format kasebut bisa ditampa, tar.xz nduweni tingkat kompresi sing luwih dhuwur lan ukuran file sing luwih cilik.
Unduh online: wget https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kernel/v4.x/linux-4.17.11.tar.xz
4. Unzip kode kernel
Sawise mbukak zip, lebokake direktori sumber:
tar -xvJf linux-4.17.11.tar.xz
Kanggo mesthekake yen wit kernel pancen resik, lebokna direktori kernel lan jalanake printah make mrproper:
cd linux-4.17.11
gawe resik && gawe mrproper

5. Konfigurasi kernel
Salin file konfigurasi kernel saiki
config-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 kuwi file konfigurasi kernel saka lingkunganku saiki, modifikasi miturut kahanan sing nyata.
cp /boot/config-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 .config
Konfigurasi lanjut
y diaktifake, n dipateni, lan m diaktifake nalika dibutuhake.
gawe menuconfig: antarmuka ncurses lawas, diganti karo nconfig
gawe nconfig: Baris printah anyar ncurses antarmuka
6. Kompilasi lan instal
Kompilasi kernel
Yen sampeyan duwe mesin quad-core, x bisa dadi 8
nggawe -jx
Nginstal kernel
Sawisé ngompilasi kernel, instal: Pèngetan: Saka kene, sampeyan butuh hak akses root kanggo nglakokaké prentah, yèn ora, bakal gagal.
nggawe modul_instalasi nginstal
7. Nyetel wiwitan
Priksa urutan wiwitan
[root@localhost ~]# awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg
CentOS Linux (4.17.11-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Inti)
CentOS Linux (4.9.9-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Inti)
CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64) 7 (Inti)
CentOS Linux (0-rescue-b91f945269084aa98e8257311ee713c5) 7 (Inti)
Setel urutan boot
[root@localhost ~]# grub2-set-default 0
Urip maneh supaya efektif
[root@localhost ~]# urip maneh