Uburyo 5 Bukunze Gukoreshwa mu Kureba Imashini

I. Intangiriro ku Iyerekwa ry'Imashini

Ishusho y'imashini, inkingi y'ubwenge bw'ubukorano, iha mudasobwa ubushobozi bwo gusobanura amakuru y'amashusho mu buryo bunoze nk'ubw'abantu. Bitandukanye n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gutunganya amashusho, ikoresha ubumenyi bwimbitse n'imiyoboro y'ubwonko kugira ngo isesengura amashusho na videwo, ihindura inganda binyuze mu gukora imirimo igoye. Kuva ku kubona inenge ku mirongo y'amatsinda kugeza ku gusuzuma indwara, icyerekezo cya mudasobwa kirimo guhindura uburyo dukora n'uko tubaho. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutunganya amakuru mu buryo nyabwo butuma iba ingenzi mu bikorwa nko kumenya ibintu, gufata amashusho y'ubuvuzi, n'imodoka zigenga.

Kuki kureba kw'imashini ari ingenzi cyane? Bituma habaho imikorere myiza n'ubuhanga aho amaso y'abantu adakora neza. Urugero, mu nganda, sisitemu zo kugenzura amaso zibona inenge nkeya, bigatuma abantu benshi batabarwa. Mu buvuzi, amashusho akoreshwa n'imiyoboro y'ubwonko isuzuma kanseri hakiri kare, bigatuma abarwayi bakira neza. Hagati aho, imodoka zigenga zishingira ku gukurikirana ingendo no kumenya imiterere kugira ngo zigende neza, bigabanye impanuka. Iri terambere rituruka ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu myaka myinshi, guhuza ibyiciro by'amashusho, kumenya isura, no kureba mu buryo bwa 3D kugira ngo hakemurwe ibibazo nyabyo.

Iyi nkuru irareba cyane uburyo imashini ikoresha ikoranabuhanga, igaragaza ingaruka zayo mu nzego zitandukanye. Tuzasuzuma uburyo Industry 4.0 ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya robotics n'igenzura ryikora, uburyo abacuruzi bongera isesengura ry'imyitwarire y'abakiriya, n'uburyo imicungire y'imodoka irushaho kunozwa hamwe no kumenya ibimenyetso by'umuhanda. Tega ubumenyi ku bijyanye n'impinduka zigezweho nka AI ikora neza n'uburyo bwo kuvuga ururimi rw'ikoranabuhanga, bishingiye ku masoko nka Science.gov na IoT Analytics.

Intego yacu ni ukumenya uburyo imashini ibona ibintu mu buryo buhindura inganda kandi igatera udushya. Waba uri umuyobozi mu bucuruzi, umushakashatsi, cyangwa ukunda ikoranabuhanga, uzavumbura uburyo bwo kubikoresha bufatika n'amahirwe yo mu gihe kizaza.

II. Iyerekwa ry'imashini mu buvuzi

Ishusho y'imashini irimo guhindura ubuvuzi binyuze mu kunoza uburyo bwo gusuzuma no koroshya ubuvuzi bw'abarwayi. Hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mudasobwa bwo kureba no kwiga byimbitse, sisitemu zisesengura amashusho y'ubuvuzi mu buryo budasanzwe, zigafata ibibazo amaso y'abantu ashobora kubura. Kuva ku kubona kanseri yo mu cyiciro cya mbere kugeza ku gukurikirana gukira, isesengura ry'amaso rikoreshwa n'imiyoboro y'ubwonko irimo kurokora ubuzima.

Mu gusuzuma indwara, Gutunganya amashusho biragaragara. Algorithms zipima CT scans, MRIs, na X-rays kugira ngo hamenyekane ibitagenda neza nk'ibibyimba cyangwa imiterere ya COVID-19 mu maraso yo mu gituza. Urugero, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na PMC bwerekana ko moderi za AI zigera ku kigero cya 90% mu gupima kanseri y'ibere, zigahita zirusha uburyo busanzwe. Uku kwihuta no kwizerwa bivuze ko hafatwa ingamba zihuse.

Inyungu zo kubagwa nazo. Ukuri kwa augmented gukubiyemo amashusho y’ubuvuzi akorwa mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, bigafasha abaganga b’inzobere mu kubaga mu buryo bufatika. Ibikoresho nk’uburyo bwo gutandukanya amashusho bigaragaza ibice by’ingenzi, bigabanya ibyago byo kubagwa bidakunze kwangiza ubuzima bw’umuntu. Hagati aho, gukurikirana uko umurwayi agenda akurikirana ingendo ze kure, bigafasha gukurikirana uko akira nta gusura ibitaro. Tekereza ku isuzuma ry’uko ibikomere byakize binyuze kuri porogaramu za telefoni zigendanwa—byoroshye kandi bihendutse.

Ingaruka ni izihe? Ibitaro bigabanya gutinda gusuzuma indwara, kandi abarwayi bahabwa ubuvuzi bwihariye. Ariko imbogamizi nko kubungabunga amakuru ku buzima bwite bw'umuntu ziracyahari, bisaba ko sisitemu zizewe zo kurinda inyandiko z'ibanga.

 

III. Iyerekwa ry'imashini mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bwo gutwara abantu n'ibintu

Icyerekezo cy'imashini kirimo guhindura ubwikorezi, gituma imihanda irushaho kuba myiza kandi irangwa n'ubushishozi binyuze mu kureba kuri mudasobwa no kwiga byimbitse. Binyuze mu gukoresha sisitemu z'ubwikorezi zifite ubwenge, bituma habaho gucunga imodoka mu buryo butunguranye, kumenya ibintu, no gutwara imodoka mu buryo bwigenga, bigahindura uburyo dukora ingendo.

Ku bijyanye n'umutekano wo mu muhanda, gutunganya amashusho birahebuje. Algorithme nka YOLO na Faster R-CNN zipima ibinyabiziga, abanyamaguru, n'ibyapa byo mu muhanda mu buryo bunonosoye cyane. Kumenya ibimenyetso byo mu muhanda bituma abashoferi na sisitemu zigenga zihora zitanga amakuru, mu gihe kumenya amatara yo mu muhanda birinda impanuka. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na PMC bwerekana ko sisitemu zigera kuri 95% by'ukuri mu mijyi, bigabanya umubare w'impanuka.

Ibinyabiziga byigenga byishingikiriza cyane ku buryo imashini ibona neza. Kuva ku rwego rwa 1 kugeza ku rwego rwa 5, uburyo bwo kugenzura imiterere y'imodoka, gukurikirana imiterere y'imodoka no kumenya imiterere y'imodoka, bigenzura ibidukikije bigoye. Kamera zihujwe n'imiyoboro y'ubwonko ihuza imiterere y'imodoka, zigatuma inzira zihinduka neza cyangwa zihagarara mu buryo bwihutirwa. Ibigo nka Tesla bikoresha uburyo bwa 3D bwo kureba imodoka kugira ngo zigende neza.

Gukurikirana ibinyabiziga nabyo ni ingirakamaro. Gukurikirana abanyamaguru bireba inzira y'umuhanda, mu gihe kumenya ibitagenda neza bigaragaza impanuka cyangwa ibisigazwa by'imodoka. Sisitemu z'ubwishyu zikoresha uburyo bwo gutandukanya amashusho kugira ngo zisome imirongo, zorohereze kwishyura. Ibi bikoresho binoza urujya n'uruza rw'abantu, bigabanya umubyigano mu mijyi.

Imbogamizi ziracyahari, nko kugenzura amakuru mu igenzura no guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ibangamira isesengura ry'amashusho. Nyamara, ingaruka ntizishidikanywaho—imihanda ifite umutekano, umuhanda utagira uruziga.

IV. Icyerekezo cy'imashini mu nganda n'inganda 4.0

Icyerekezo cy'imashini ni ikintu gihindura ibintu mu nganda 4.0, bigatuma habaho imikorere myiza n'ubuhanga mu nganda. Binyuze mu gukoresha icyerekezo cya mudasobwa no kwiga byimbitse, inganda zigera ku igenzura ry'ubuziranenge, kunoza imikorere, no gucunga ububiko, kugabanya ikiguzi no kongera umusaruro.

Igenzura ry’amaso ni ryo riyobora. Imiyoboro y’imitsi ihuza imikorere y’ubwonko isuzuma ibicuruzwa kugira ngo irebe ko hari inenge nk’imikurire cyangwa amakosa, birenga cyane ubuziranenge bw’umuntu. Bitandukanye na sisitemu zishingiye ku mategeko, gutunganya amashusho hakoreshejwe ubuhanga bwa AI bihuza n’inenge zitandukanye, bigafata ibibazo hakiri kare. IoT Analytics ivuga ko kugenzura ubuziranenge mu buryo bwikora bizigama inganda kugeza kuri miliyoni 172 z’amadolari buri mwaka binyuze mu kugabanya kwimurirwa mu nzu.

Gutunganya ibikorwa ni indi ntsinzi. Isesengura ry’igihe nyacyo rikurikirana ibikoresho, rigasanga byangiritse cyangwa bitameze neza binyuze mu gutandukanya amashusho. Gutegura ibikorwa mbere y’igihe, nko kumenya ingese, birinda kwangirika, bikongera igihe cyo kubaho kw’imashini. Ubu buryo bushingiye ku makuru butuma umusaruro urushaho kumera neza, bigagabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza.

Mu bubiko, imashini ireba neza ibintu byoroshye. Gukurikirana ububiko hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kumenya ibintu byemeza ko ububiko bufite ishingiro ry’uko ibintu bibarwa neza, mu gihe OCR isesengura barcode kugira ngo ibone neza. Indege zitagira abapilote zifite icyerekezo cya 3D, zikoreshwa n’ibihangange nka Amazon, zisuzuma ibikoresho mu gihe nyacyo, zikagabanya imirimo y’amaboko. Ibi bikoresho byongera imikorere myiza y’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa, bigahaza ibyifuzo byihuse.

Imbogamizi nko gukoresha amafaranga menshi mu gushyiraho no kubungabunga amakuru zigomba kubonerwa ibisubizo, ariko inyungu ziragaragara: imikorere idafite ingaruka nziza n'ubushobozi bwo guhangana.

V.Igice cya "Machine Vision" mu Bucuruzi n'Ubucuruzi mu Ikoreshwa ry'Abaguzi

Iyerekwa ry'imashini ririmo kuvugurura ubucuruzi, rivanga icyerekezo cya mudasobwa n'ubumenyi bwimbitse kugira ngo ryongere ubunararibonye bw'abakiriya kandi ryorohereze imikorere. Kuva ku guhaha ku giti cyabo kugeza ku maduka agezweho, isesengura ry'ubucuruzi rikoresheje uburyo bwo gutunganya amashusho ririmo kuvugurura urwego rw'ubucuruzi.

Ku bakiriya, kumenya isura bitanga ubunararibonye bwihariye. Kamera zo mu maduka zisesengura imyitwarire y'abakiriya, zigatuma bamamaza ku buryo bwihariye. Sisitemu zo kugerageza gukoresha amashusho kuri interineti, zikoresha uburyo bwo gutandukanya amashusho, zituma abaguzi bagerageza amavuta yo kwisiga cyangwa indorerwamo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, bigatuma ibicuruzwa byabo birushaho kuzamuka. Ibikoresho byo gusesengura uruhu, nk'ibya L'Oréal, bikoresha uburyo bwo gusesengura uruhu kugira ngo batange ibitekerezo ku bicuruzwa, bikongera ibyishimo.

Ibikorwa by'ububiko bigira umusaruro mwiza bitewe n'imashini ireba neza. Amakarita ashyushya aturuka ku gukurikirana ingendo agaragaza ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, bigatuma imiterere irushaho kuba myiza. Gutahura ubujura hakoreshejwe sisitemu zo kugenzura bigabanya igihombo, aho ubuhanga bwo gukora igenzura (AI) butuma ibintu bikekwa mu gihe nyacyo. Raporo ya IoT Analytics yo mu 2023 ivuga ko abacuruzi bazigama 15% ku kugabanuka kw'ibikoresho bakoresheje uburyo bwo kumenya ibintu.

Gucunga ububiko bw'ibikoresho nabyo biragaragara. Kumenya amashusho bikurikirana urwego rw'imigabane, bigabanya ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa. OCR isuzuma ibirango, yihutisha kongera gukusanya. Ibi bikoresho byongera imbaraga mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa, bigatuma ibicuruzwa byuzuza ibyifuzo. Urugero, sisitemu za Walmart zishingiye ku kureba, zihuza ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe kuri interineti mu buryo butagorana.

Imbogamizi nko kubungabunga amakuru zisaba uburinzi bukomeye, ariko inyungu iragaragara: abakiriya bishimye, imikorere yabo ikaba myiza.

VI. Ingendo zigenda zizamuka n'icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza

Iyerekwa ry'imashini ririmo gutera imbere vuba, riterwa inkunga n'iterambere mu bwenge bw'ubukorano n'iterambere ry'ibikoresho. Iyi miterere isezeranya kwagura porogaramu, kuva kuri robots nziza kugeza kuri mudasobwa nziza, bigahindura ahazaza hahinduka impinduka.

Udushya twimbitse mu kwiga ni two dutanga inzira. Imiterere ya transformer, nk'iyo mu buryo bwo kureba no kuvugisha, ihuza inyandiko n'amashusho kugira ngo ikore imirimo nko gusubiza ibibazo by'amashusho. Uburyo bwo gukora AI, harimo uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru na GAN, butanga amakuru y'ubukorano, bigabanura ibura ry'amakuru. Inyigo ya Springer yo mu 2023 ivuga ko izi moderi zagabanyije ikiguzi cy'amahugurwa ho 20%, bikongera imikorere myiza yo gutunganya amashusho.

Iterambere ry'ibikoresho byongera ubushobozi. Kamera ntoya zo kureba imashini, zibereye cyane mu gufata amashusho ya siyansi, zitanga amakuru meza mu buryo buciriritse. Gushyira mu bikorwa FPGA byihutisha isesengura ry'igihe nyacyo, ingenzi ku binyabiziga byigenga na Industry 4.0. Chipset nshya zongerera ubushobozi imiyoboro y'ubwonko ihuza abantu, bigatuma sisitemu zihuta kandi zihendutse.

Ibibazo by’imyitwarire biragaragara cyane. Ibibazo ku bijyanye n’ubuzima bwite bw’amakuru, cyane cyane mu kumenya isura, bisaba amabwiriza akaze. Sisitemu zo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga zigomba kuringaniza umutekano n’icyizere cy’abakoresha. Hagati aho, ikoranabuhanga rishobora gutuma imirimo y’abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga iva mu mwanya wayo, bigasaba kongera guhugurwa nk’uko IoT Analytics ibigaragaza.

Iyi miterere igaragaza ahazaza aho icyerekezo cy'imashini gihuzwa neza n'ubuzima bwa buri munsi, kuva ku gufata amashusho y'ubuvuzi kugeza ku gucunga ibinyabiziga.

VII. Umwanzuro

Ishusho y'imashini yagaragaye nk'ingufu zikomeye, ituma inganda zihinduka mu buvuzi, mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu, mu nganda no mu maduka. Binyuze mu gukoresha mudasobwa, kwiga byimbitse no gutunganya amashusho, itanga ibisubizo byo kureba imashini bikongera imikorere myiza no gukoresha neza. Mu buvuzi, amashusho y'ubuvuzi yongera uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibintu neza, ikarokora ubuzima bw'abantu. Ibinyabiziga byigenga byishingikiriza ku gupima ibintu kugira ngo bigire imihanda itekanye, mu gihe Industry 4.0 ikoresha igenzura ry'amaso kugira ngo igabanye ikiguzi. Retail ikoresha uburyo bwo kumenya isura no gusesengura ubucuruzi kugira ngo yongere ubunararibonye bw'abakiriya, bigaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga rikora neza.

Ibi si ugutangaza ikoranabuhanga gusa—ni ingaruka nyazo. Imiyoboro y’imitsi n’uburyo bwo kubona ibintu birimo gukemura ibibazo bigoye, kuva ku gucunga urujya n’uruza rw’abantu kugeza ku gukurikirana ibicuruzwa. Nyamara, imbogamizi nko kumenya amakuru bwite no kwimura abakozi bisaba uburyo bwo gukoresha ubwenge bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga. Guhanga udushya mu buryo bunoze bituma imashini ibona ibintu neza, bigahuza iterambere n’icyizere.

Ahazaza ni heza ariko hasaba igikorwa. Ibigo bigomba gusuzuma isesengura ry’igihe nyacyo n’ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina kugira ngo bikomeze guhangana. Abashakashatsi bashobora kurenga imipaka bakoresheje imiterere ya transformer, mu gihe abashyiraho politiki bagomba gushyira imbere ubuzima bwite bw’amakuru. Nk’uko IoT Analytics ibivuga, ibigo bikoresha ibisubizo by’imashini bireba bibona inyungu zigera kuri 25% mu mikorere, impamvu ikomeye yo kugira icyo ikora.

Ku bijyanye no gushyiraho abakozi, gukorana n'abantu bafite uburambe abakora mudasobwa zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa mudasobwa ni ingenzi cyane cyane iyo hashyirwa mu bikorwa ibisubizo nk'ibi AFE-R770 ku bikorwa byo mu rwego rw'inganda. mudasobwa ikoreshwa mu nganda ishobora guhangana n'ibidukikije bigoye, itanga icyizere n'imikorere ihoraho. Ibikoresho nka PC ntoya zo mu nganda J1900 ni nziza cyane mu gutunganya ibintu mu buryo burambuye, mu gihe ifite imikorere myiza cyane mudasobwa ishyirwa mu gasanduku ishobora guha imbaraga imirimo ijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga rya AI mu rwego rwo hejuru.