I-CAN Bus vs. RS485: Uthelekiso oluneenkcukacha lwezicelo zoShishino

Kwilizwe elihamba phambili ngokukhawuleza lemizi-mveliso, ukukhetha iprothokholi yonxibelelwano ibalulekile. Nokuba yeyonxibelelwano lwexesha lokwenyani, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha, okanye ukuphumeza iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zonxibelelwano lweemoto, isigqibo sihlala sifikelela kwiiprothokholi ezimbini ezimiselwe kakuhle: i-CAN Bus kunye ne-RS485. Ukuqonda iiyantlukwano phakathi kwezi protocol zimbini kunceda abaqulunqi kunye neenjineli ukuba benze izigqibo ezizizo ezihambelana neemfuno zobuchwepheshe bale mihla.

I-CAN Bus (i-Controller Area Network) kunye ne-RS485 (iMigangatho eNcetyisiweyo ye-485) bobabini abadlali abaphambili kwindawo yonxibelelwano lwezoshishino. Ngelixa i-CAN Bus yamkelwa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuphatha iimpazamo ezomeleleyo kunye nesakhono sokuhambisa idatha ngexesha lokwenyani, i-RS485 iyakonwabela ukuthandwa ngenxa yokulula kwayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Eli nqaku lijolise ekucazululeni iimpawu, iingenelo, kunye nezinto ezinokuthi zenzeke kwiprothokholi nganye, ukubonelela ngothelekiso olubanzi olulungiselelwe izicelo zoshishino.

Njengoko amashishini eqhubeka nokukhula, imfuno yeenkqubo zonxibelelwano ezithembekileyo nezisebenzayo zibalulekile. Ngokuphonononga kwiinkcukacha ze-CAN Bus kunye ne-RS485, esi sikhokelo sijonge ukuxhobisa iingcali ngolwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze kuphuculwe uthungelwano lwabo lonxibelelwano, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokungenamthungo nokuthembekileyo kumacandelo awohlukeneyo.

Ukuthathwa okungundoqo

1. Ukhetho phakathi kwe-CAN Bus kunye ne-RS485 lubalulekile ekuphuculweni okuzenzekelayo kwimizi-mveliso.
2. CAN Ibhasi ibonelela ngexabiso eliphezulu ukuphatha iimpazamo kunye neenzuzo zonxibelelwano ngexesha lokwenyani.
3. RS485 ikhethelwe yona ukulula, ukuphumelela kweendleko, kunye nokuguquguquka kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
4. Ukuqonda iingenelo ezahlukileyo zeprothokholi nganye kuvumela ukuyilwa kwenkqubo engcono.
5. Eli nqaku liza kubonelela ngothelekiso olubanzi lokukhokela iinjineli ekwenzeni izigqibo ezizizo.
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Yintoni i-CAN Bus?

7. Uthungelwano lweNdawo yoLawulo, okanye i-CAN Bus, ngumgangatho oqinileyo webhasi eyenzelwe ukuququzelela unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-microcontrollers kunye nezixhobo ngaphandle kokufuna ikhomputha yokusingatha. Le nkqubo entsha ivumela unxibelelwano olusekwe kumyalezo olungenamthungo, ukuqinisekisa ukutshintshiselana kwedatha okusebenzayo ngexesha langempela. Enye yeempawu eziphambili ze-CAN Bus bubuchule bayo bokuxoxisana bebhasi, eqinisekisa ukuba imiyalezo ibekwe phambili ngokufanelekileyo, ivumela ukugcwala kwedatha.
   
   
8. Ukuze usebenze ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo, i-CAN Bus protocol isebenzisa iindlela zokubona iimpazamo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana nokuhlolwa kwe-CRC kunye nokuhlolwa kwesakhelo, ezibeka esweni imfezeko yedatha kunye nokuqinisekisa unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo. Indlela yokukhangela isakhelo iqinisekisa ukuba imiyalezo ifunyenwe ngokuchanekileyo, ngelixa i-crc check idibanisa umaleko owongezelelweyo wokhuseleko ngokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwedatha egqithisiweyo. Ukongeza, inkqubo ibandakanya ukugcwala kancinci ukugcina ulungelelwaniso kunye nokuthintela iimpazamo ngexesha lokuhanjiswa kwedatha.
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10. Isishwankathelo, uyilo oluqinileyo lweNethiwekhi yeNdawo yoMlawuli, ngokugxininisa kumyalezo ophambili kunye nokufumanisa impazamo esebenzayo, yenza kube lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwizicelo ezifuna unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo kunye nexesha langempela. Ukudityaniswa kolamlo lwebhasi, unxibelelwano olusekwe kumyalezo, kunye neendlela eziphambili zokujonga iimpazamo ziqaqambisa i-CAN Bus njengeprothokholi ephezulu kwishishini kunye nezicelo zeemoto.
    
    
    
    

Yintoni iRS485?

11. I-RS485, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-TIA-485 okanye i-EIA-485, ngumgangatho owomeleleyo wothungelwano lonxibelelwano lwe-serial olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zoshishino. Yahlula kusetyenziso lwayo lokubonisa umahluko, i-RS485 ibonelela ngokhuseleko lwengxolo olugqwesileyo, iyenza ilungele imeko-bume enokuphazamiseka okukhulu kombane. Le ndlela iphakamisa kakhulu ukuthembeka konxibelelwano olulandelelanayo kumgama owandisiweyo.
    
    
12. Enye yeempawu ezibalaseleyo zeRS485 kukukwazi ukulahla okuninzi, okuququzelela ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo ezininzi kwinethiwekhi enye. Olu phawu lokulinganisa luluncedo ngakumbi kwizicelo apho iindawo ezininzi kufuneka zinxibelelane ngaphakathi kwesakhelo esifanayo. Ngenxa yoko, i-RS485 isebenza ngaphandle komthungo kunye neenkqubo ezikhoyo ze-Modbus kunye ne-Profibus, ezifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo kwi-automation ye-industrial.
    
    
13. Ngokubhekiselele kwiifomathi zonxibelelwano, i-RS485 isekela ukuhanjiswa kwe-half-duplex, evumela ukuba idatha ithunyelwe kwaye ifumaneke kodwa kungekhona ngaxeshanye. Le ndlela, ngelixa ibonakala inciphisa, yanele kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso apho ixesha lokuthumela kunye nokufumana idatha linokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.
    
    
14. Ngaphezu koko, i-RS485 igqwesa kunxibelelwano olude ngenxa yokukwazi ukuxhathisa ukuthotywa komqondiso kubude obuya kubangela umngeni kwezinye iiprothokholi. Isebenzisa umqondiso owahlukileyo ukuchasana neziphumo ezibi zokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, igcina imfezeko yedatha kumgama omde.
    
    

    Ukudibanisa ezi mpawu, i-RS485 ihlala ilukhetho oluthandwayo kuthungelwano lonxibelelwano olulandelelanayo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezibango lwemizi-mveliso. Umthamo wayo wokudityaniswa kwamathontsi amaninzi, ukhuseleko lwengxolo olugqwesileyo ngokubonisa umahluko, kunye nokusebenza kwayo ngobuchule kwimigama emide iqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwayo okuqhubekayo kunye nokusetyenziswa okuqinileyo kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwale mihla. 
    
    

Ukuthelekisa kwiNtloko ukuya kwiNtloko

Ukuthelekisa phakathi kwe-CAN Bus kunye ne-RS485 icacisa ukusebenza kwabo kwizicelo zoshishino. Ukuqonda iimpawu zabo kunceda ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi iprotocol ehambelana neemfuno ezithile zokusebenza.

A. Amazinga edatha kunye nokusebenza

Enye yezinto eziphambili eziqwalaselwayo lizinga ledatha. Ngelixa i-CAN Bus ixhasa ngokwesiqhelo amanani edatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 Mbps, i-RS485 inokufikelela kumazinga aphezulu nangaphezulu, ukufikelela kwi-10 Mbps. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amazinga aphezulu edatha anokuchaphazela imfezeko yomqondiso, ngoko zombini iinkqubo zifuna ucwangciso olucokisekileyo ukugcina unxibelelwano oluqinileyo.

B. I-topology yenethiwekhi kunye nokulinganisa

I-CAN Ibhasi isebenza nge multi-master, multi-node architecture, ebonelela ngokugqwesa ukubhaqwa kongquzulwano kunye nokubambelela umgangatho wonxibelelwano ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni kwi-scalability. Ngokuchaseneyo, iRS485 isebenzisa a itopology yebhasi ethe ngqo, ikwenza kube lula ukuyiphumeza kodwa ibenakho ukuthintela ukukala phantsi kweemeko ezithile.

C. Ukuphatha iimpazamo kunye nokuthembeka

Ukuphatha iimpazamo ezisebenzayo kunye nokuthembeka kubalulekile kwiindawo zemizi-mveliso. I-CAN Bus iyagqwesa kule ndawo nge iindlela zokubona iimpazamo ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu eziqinisekisa imfezeko yomqondiso kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo. I-RS485, ngelixa yomelele, inokuthi ifuna imposiso eyongezelelweyo yokuphatha iiprothokholi ukuhambelana nokunyamezela isiphene inikezwe yi-CAN Bus.

D. Iintambo kunye neziseko zophuhliso

Uyilo lwe-Wiring luchaphazela kakhulu ubunzima bokuthunyelwa kunye neendleko. I-CAN Bus idla ngokusebenza iintambo ezimbini ezijijekileyo, enciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kunye nokwandisa imfezeko yomqondiso. Ngokumataniswa, I-RS485 ikwasebenzisa i-twisted pair cabling, kodwa ukuphunyezwa kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomgangatho wonxibelelwano, okukhokelela kuqwalaselo olwahlukeneyo lweziseko zophuhliso.

Ukukhetha iProtocol eLungileyo

Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni eyona protocol ifanelekileyo kwizicelo zakho zemizi-mveliso, kubalulekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo iimfuno zakho ezithile kunye nendlela iprotocol nganye enokuzilungisa ngayo. Nokuba ubeka phambili ukunyamezela impazamo, unxibelelwano lwexesha lokwenyani, okanye umqondiso oqinileyo, ukwenza isigqibo esinolwazi kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokungenamthungo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

A. Iimeko ezithanda i-CAN Bus

I-CAN Bus ihlala ilolona khetho olukhethwayo kwiimeko ezifuna unyamezelo oluphezulu lwempazamo kunye nomqondiso owomeleleyo. Iindlela zayo zokubona iimpazamo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kunye nezakhono eziqinileyo zokuvalelwa ziyenza ithembeke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo. Ngaphaya koko, indawo yayo yolamlo lwebhasi iqinisekisa unxibelelwano lwexesha lokwenyani olugudileyo, lubalulekile kwizicelo kwiimoto, kwizixhobo zonyango, nakwezinye iindawo ezinoxinzelelo olukhulu.

B. Iimeko ezixhasa i-RS485

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-RS485 ikhanya kwiindawo zoshishino ezifuna unxibelelwano olude kunye nenkxaso yenani elikhulu leendawo. I-architecture yayo ye-master-slave ivumela ukucwangciswa kwenethiwekhi ngokuthe ngqo kunye neendleko ezifanelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, umqondiso oqinileyo we-RS485 uqinisekisa imfezeko yedatha kumgama owandisiweyo, iyenza ilungele ukwakha iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo kunye nolawulo lwemizi-mveliso.

C. Ukuqwalaselwa kweenkqubo hybrid

Kwezinye iimeko, ukuphumeza inkqubo ye-hybrid ephakamisa amandla e-CAN Bus kunye ne-RS485 kunokuba luncedo. Ngokudibanisa unxibelelwano lwexesha lokwenyani lwe-CAN Bus kunye nokunyamezela impazamo kunye ne-RS485's master-slave flexibility kunye nezakhono zomgama, ukuseta okuxubileyo kunokubonelela ngesisombululo esilungeleleneyo, esomeleleyo kwiimfuno ezinzima zeshishini.

1.Iimeko ezingundoqo: Khetha i-CAN Bus ukunyusa ukunyamezela iimpazamo kunye nomqondiso oqinileyo wokhuseleko olubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo.

2.Izicelo zomgama omde: Khetha i-RS485 yonxibelelwano oluthembekileyo kwimigama engaphezulu kuqwalaselo lwenkosi-khoboka.

3.Hybrid Ukuguquguquka: Cinga ngokudibanisa zombini iiprothokholi ukusebenzisa izibonelelo zazo ezizodwa, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo ngokubanzi kunye nokuthembeka.

Iingcebiso eziSebenzayo zokuPhumeza

A. Ukuseta izixhobo

Isiseko senkqubo yonxibelelwano ethembekileyo silele kwi-hardware ecwangciswe kakuhle. Xa kuqwalaselwa iindleko zehardware, kubalulekile ukutyala imali kumacandelo afanelekileyo. Imiba ephambili ibandakanya ukhetho lwe-transceiver kunye nezenzo zocingo ezifanelekileyo. Zombini iinkqubo ze-CAN Bus kunye ne-RS485 zifuna abaxhathisi bokuphelisa ekupheleni kwebhasi ukugcina ingqibelelo yomqondiso.

Kwi-CAN Bus, ukusetyenziswa kwe-microcontrollers ephezulu kunye nabalawuli be-CAN abadibeneyo, njenge-Microchip MCP2515, inokwenza lula ukuseta kwakho. Kwi-RS485, izixhobo ezifana ne-Texas Instruments SN65HVD72 ziyacetyiswa ukuba zisebenze ngamandla.

B. Iimfuno zesoftware kunye neprotocol

Ukuphunyezwa kwesoftware esebenzayo kuqala ngokuqondwa ngokucokisekileyo kwesitaki seprotocol. Ukuphunyezwa kwe-CAN Bus, ukubambelela kumgangatho we-ISO 11898 kuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nokuthembeka. Ngokufanayo, i-RS485 ihlala ixhomekeke kwiprotocol ye-Modbus RTU kwizicelo zamashishini.

Ngexesha lokuphunyezwa kwesoftware, ukusebenzisa izixhobo zophuhliso ezifana ne-CANalyzer ye-CAN Bus okanye i-ModScan ye-RS485 inokuququzelela kakhulu inkqubo. Ezi zixhobo zinceda ekufaniseni nasekuqinisekiseni unxibelelwano phakathi kwee-nodes ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwindawo ephilayo.

C. Ukusombulula ingxaki kunye noxilongo

Ukulungisa ingxaki ngexesha lesigaba sokuseta kunokuthintela imiba emininzi eqhelekileyo. Kwiinkqubo ze-CAN Bus, izixhobo ezifana ne-PCAN-USB Analyzer zinokunceda ekubekeni iliso nasekuxilongweni kwetrafikhi yenethiwekhi. Iinethiwekhi ze-RS485 ngokufanayo zixhamla kwizixhobo ezifana ne-USB-RS485-WE-1800-BT yokuhlola iimeko zesignali.

Ukutshekisha rhoqo uxhulumaniso olukhululekile, ukumisa okungafanelekanga, kunye nokubekwa okuchanekileyo kwezichasi zokuphelisa nazo zibalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo lwenethiwekhi. Ngaphezu koko, ukubhalwa phantsi kwesigaba ngasinye sokuseta kunye nokuba nenkqubo yolungiso lweempazamo kunokonga ixesha elixabisekileyo kunye nezixhobo.

Ukushwankathela, ukuqinisekisa ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwe-transceiver, ukwenza ukuphunyezwa kwesoftware ngobuchule, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendlela ezingaguqukiyo zokususa iimpazamo zibalulekile kuthungelwano oluyimpumelelo.

Iindlela ezisakhulayo kunye neFuture Outlook

Njengoko sijonge phambili, ukuvela kwemigaqo yonxibelelwano kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqhubeke ngesantya esikhawulezayo. Iiprothokholi ezintsha kunye nophuculo kwezo sele zikho kulindeleke ukuba zivele, zityhala ngakumbi imida yomqondiso owomeleleyo kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo. Ukudityaniswa kweendlela eziphambili zokuphatha iimpazamo kunye neempawu zolawulo lwenethiwekhi eziphuculweyo ziya kuba ngundoqo ekuhlangabezeni iimfuno ezingqongqo zommandla woshishino.

Umkhondo wexesha elizayo wonxibelelwano lwedatha yeshishini ulungele ukwamkela indlela engumxube, apho iiprothokholi zemveli ezifana ne-CAN Bus kunye ne-RS485 zinokuhlalisana kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha. Oku kudityaniswa kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba imizi-mveliso inokusebenzisa amandla emigaqo yomthetho emininzi ukufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukugcina iliso kuqikelelo lwexesha elizayo kunye nokuhlala ulungelelaniswa kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kubachaphazelekayo abajolise ukuhlala phambili kwindawo ehlala itshintsha yonxibelelwano lwezoshishino.

Kumashishini afuna izisombululo zehardware ezithembekileyo, ukusebenzisana nomntu othembekileyoumenzi wekhompyuter yeshishiniibalulekile. Nokuba ufuna iiPC yoshishino eneNVIDIA GPUkwikhompyuter esebenza kakhulu okanye ailaptop ene-GPUkwiindawo ezifunayo, izisombululo eziphambili ziyafumaneka.

Ukongeza, amashishini afuna izixhobo eziphathwayo ezomeleleyo zinokuphonononga unikezelo oluvela kukhokeloabenzi tablet tablet. Kwigumbi lolawulo kunye nezicelo ze-HMI, iIphaneli yoshishino yePC Windows 10inikeza ujongano oluqinileyo nolusebenzisekayo.

Amaziko eenkcukacha kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo zemizi-mveliso zinokuzuza kwi-scalableiikhompyuter ze-industrial rackmountyenzelwe ukuthembeka okuphezulu. Ngeli xesha, ukusebenza kwentsimi kunye namaqela olungiselelo anokuxhomekeka kwizixhobo ezomeleleyo ukusuka phezuluabavelisi belaptop abagqwethekileyoukuqinisekisa imveliso kwiimeko ezinzima.

Ngokudibanisa iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezisombululo eziphezulu zekhompyuter, amashishini anobungqina bexesha elizayo imisebenzi yawo kwaye agcine umda wokukhuphisana.