I-CAN Bus vs. RS485: Ukuqhathanisa Okuningiliziwe Kwezicelo Zezimboni

Ezweni elithuthukayo ngokushesha lokuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni, ukukhetha iphrothokholi yokuxhumana efanele kubalulekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okokuxhumana kwesikhathi sangempela, ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bedatha, noma ukusebenzisa amasistimu okuxhumana ezimoto asebenza kahle, isinqumo ngokuvamile sifinyelela kumaphrothokholi amabili amiswe kahle: i-CAN Bus ne-RS485. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zitaki ezimbili zephrothokholi kusiza abaklami nonjiniyela benze izinqumo ezinolwazi ezihambisana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe besimanje.

I-CAN Bus (Inethiwekhi Yendawo Yokulawula) kanye ne-RS485 (Izinga Elinconyiwe 485) womabili abadlali ababalulekile endaweni yokuxhumana kwezimboni. Nakuba i-CAN Bus yaziwa kabanzi ngamaphutha ayo aqinile kanye nekhono lokudlulisa idatha ngesikhathi sangempela, i-RS485 ijabulela ukuduma ngenxa yobulula bayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlukanisa izici, izinzuzo, kanye nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona zephrothokholi ngayinye, inikeze ukuqhathanisa okuphelele okwenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni.

Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokuthuthuka, isidingo sezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezinokwethenjelwa nezisebenza kahle sibalulekile. Ngokuhlolisisa imininingwane ye-CAN Bus ne-RS485, lo mhlahlandlela uhlose ukunika amandla ochwepheshe ngolwazi oludingekayo ukuze bathuthukise amanethiwekhi abo okuxhumana, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungenazihibe nokuthembekile emikhakheni eyahlukene.

Ukhiye wokuthatha

1. Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-CAN Bus ne-RS485 kubalulekile ekuzishintsheni kwezimboni okuthuthukisiwe.
2. CAN Bus inikeza okungcono ukuphatha amaphutha kanye nezinzuzo zokuxhumana ngesikhathi sangempela.
3. RS485 ivunelwa yona ubulula, ukuphumelela kwezindleko, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza.
4. Ukuqonda izinzuzo ezihlukile zephrothokholi ngayinye kuvumela ukwakheka okungcono kwesistimu.
5. Le ndatshana izohlinzeka ngokuqhathanisa okuphelele ukuze kuqondise onjiniyela ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi.
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Yini i-CAN Bus?

7. I-Controller Area Network, noma i-CAN Bus, iyindinganiso yebhasi yemoto enamandla eklanyelwe ukusiza ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-microcontroller namadivayisi ngaphandle kokudinga ikhompuyutha engumsingathi. Lolu hlelo olusha luvumela ukuxhumana okusekelwe emlayezo okungenamthungo, okuqinisekisa ukushintshana kwedatha okuphumelelayo ngesikhathi sangempela. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ze-CAN Bus amandla ayo okuxazulula amabhasi asebenzayo, aqinisekisa ukuthi imilayezo ibekwa kuqala ngokufanele, okuvumela ukutholakala kwedatha okushelelayo.
   
   
8. Ukuze usebenze kahle, iphrothokholi ye-CAN Bus isebenzisa izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokuthola amaphutha njengokuhlola kwe-CRC nokuhlolwa kozimele, eziqapha ubuqotho bedatha futhi ziqinisekise ukuxhumana okuthembekile. Indlela yokuhlola uhlaka iqinisekisa ukuthi imilayezo yamukelwe ngendlela efanele, kuyilapho ukuhlola kwe-crc kungeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ngokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwedatha edlulisiwe. Ukwengeza, isistimu ihlanganisa ukugxusha kancane ukuze kugcinwe ukuvumelanisa futhi kuvimbele amaphutha ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kwedatha.
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10. Kafushane, idizayini eqinile Yenethiwekhi Yendawo Yokulawula, nokugcizelela kwayo ukubaluleka komlayezo kanye nokutholwa kwamaphutha okusebenzayo, iyenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuxhumana okuthembekile nesikhathi sangempela. Inhlanganisela yokulamula kwebhasi, ukuxhumana okusekelwe emlayezo, nezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokuhlola amaphutha kugqamisa i-CAN Bus njengephrothokholi ephakeme kakhulu ezimbonini nasezinsizeni zezimoto.
    
    
    
    

Yini i-RS485?

11. I-RS485, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-TIA-485 noma i-EIA-485, iyindinganiso eqinile yamanethiwekhi okuxhumana ama-serial asetshenziswa kakhulu kuzilungiselelo zezimboni. Ihlukaniswa ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kokubonisa umehluko, i-RS485 ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka komsindo okuhle kakhulu, okuyenza ilungele izindawo ezinokuphazamiseka okukhulu kukagesi. Le ndlela ithuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka kokuxhumana kwe-serial kumabanga amade.
    
    
12. Esinye sezici ezigqamayo ze-RS485 amandla ayo okwehlisa okuningi, asiza ukuxhumeka kwamadivaysi amaningi kunethiwekhi eyodwa. Lesi sici sokukala siwusizo ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni lapho amanodi amaningi edinga ukuxhumana ngaphakathi kohlaka olufanayo. Ngakho-ke, i-RS485 isebenza ngaphandle komthungo nezinhlelo ezikhona ze-Modbus kanye ne-Profibus, ezitholakala yonke indawo ku-automation yezimboni.
    
    
13. Mayelana namafomethi okuxhumana, i-RS485 isekela ukudluliswa kwe-half-duplex, okuvumela idatha ukuthi ithunyelwe futhi yamukelwe kodwa hhayi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Le ndlela, nakuba ibonakala ikhawulela, yanele ezinhlelweni eziningi zezimboni lapho isikhathi sokuthumela nokwamukela idatha singaphathwa ngempumelelo.
    
    
14. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-RS485 iyahamba phambili ekuxhumaneni okude ngenxa yekhono layo lokumelana nokuwohloka kwesignali ngobude obungaba inselele kwezinye izimiso. Isebenzisa ukusayina okuhlukile ukuze imelane nemithelela emibi yokuphazanyiswa yi-electromagnetic, igcina ubuqotho bedatha kumabanga amakhulu.
    
    

    Ukuhlanganisa lezi zici, i-RS485 isalokhu iyinketho ethandwayo yamanethiwekhi okuxhumana ama-serial, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu zezimboni. Amandla ayo okuxhumana kwamaconsi amaningi, ukungavikeleki komsindo okuhle kakhulu ngokusayina okuhlukile, kanye nokusebenza kwayo okuhlakaniphile kumabanga amade kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwayo okuqhubekayo nokusebenza okuqinile ezinhlelweni zesimanje zokuxhumana zezimboni. 
    
    

Ukuqhathanisa kwekhanda nekhanda

Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwe-CAN Bus ne-RS485 kucacisa ukusebenza kwazo ezinhlelweni zemboni. Ukuqonda izici zabo kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi iyiphi iphrothokholi efanelana kangcono nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza.

A. Amanani edatha nokusebenza

Okunye okucatshangelwayo okuyinhloko izinga ledatha. Ngenkathi i-CAN Bus ngokuvamile isekela amanani edatha afika ku-1 Mbps, i-RS485 ingafinyelela amanani aphezulu kakhulu, ifinyelela ku-10 Mbps. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amanani edatha aphezulu angathinta ubuqotho besignali, ngakho womabili amasistimu adinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela ukuze kugcinwe ukuxhumana okuqinile.

B. I-topology yenethiwekhi nokulinganisa

I-CAN Bus isebenza kusetshenziswa a multi-master, multi-node architecture, okunikeza ukutholwa kokushayisana okuhle kakhulu nokubambelela okujwayelekile kokuxhumana ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukukala. Ngokuphambene, i-RS485 isebenzisa a i-topology yebhasi ene-daisy-chain chain, okwenza kube lula ukukusebenzisa kodwa kube namandla okukhawulela ukukala ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

C. Ukuphatha amaphutha nokuthembeka

Ukuphatha amaphutha okusebenzayo nokuthembeka kubalulekile ezindaweni zezimboni. I-CAN Bus ihamba phambili kule ndawo nge izindlela zokuthola amaphutha ezithuthukile eziqinisekisa ubuqotho besignali nokwethembeka kwesistimu. I-RS485, ngenkathi iqinile, kungenzeka idinga amaphrothokholi okuphatha amaphutha engeziwe ukuze ifane nokubekezelela amaphutha kuhlinzekwe yi-CAN Bus.

D. Izintambo kanye nengqalasizinda

I-Wiring Architecture ithonya kakhulu ubunzima bokuthunyelwa kanye nezindleko. I-CAN Bus ivamise ukuqasha ipheya enezintambo ezimbili ezisontekile, enciphisa ukuphazamiseka kozibuthe futhi ithuthukise ubuqotho besignali. Uma kuqhathaniswa, I-RS485 iphinde isebenzise i-twisted pair cabling, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kungase kuhluke kuye ngezimfuneko ezithile zezinga lokuxhumana, okuholela ekucatshangelweni kwengqalasizinda okuhlukahlukene.

Ukukhetha Iphrothokholi Elungile

Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni umthetho olandelwayo ofaneleka kakhulu wezicelo zakho zezimboni, kubalulekile ukuthi ucabangele izidingo zakho ezithile nokuthi umthetho olandelwayo ngamunye ungabhekana kanjani nazo. Ukuthi ubeka phambili ukubekezelela amaphutha, ukuxhumana ngesikhathi sangempela, noma ukusayina okuqinile, ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungenazihibe nokusebenza kahle.

A. Izimo ezivuna i-CAN Bus

I-CAN Bus imvamisa iyona ekhethwayo ezimeni ezidinga ukubekezelelwa kwamaphutha aphezulu kanye nokusayina okuqinile. Izindlela zayo zokubona amaphutha ezakhelwe ngaphakathi namandla aqinile okuvalela amaphutha ayenza ithembeke kakhulu kumasistimu abucayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici sayo sokunxeshezelwa kwamabhasi siqinisekisa ukuxhumana okushelelayo kwesikhathi sangempela, okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezimoto, kumishini yezokwelapha, nakwezinye izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu.

B. Izimo ezivuna i-RS485

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-RS485 ikhanya ezindaweni zezimboni ezidinga ukuxhumana okude nokusekelwa kwenani elikhulu lamanodi. I-master-slave architecture yayo ivumela ukusethwa kwenethiwekhi okuqondile nokungabizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusayinda okuqinile kwe-RS485 kuqinisekisa ubuqotho bedatha ebangeni elinwetshiwe, okuyenza ibe ilungele ukwakha izinhlelo ezishintshayo nezilawula izimboni.

C. Ukucatshangelwa kwezinhlelo ezixubile

Kwezinye izimo, ukusebenzisa isistimu eyi-hybrid esebenzisa amandla kokubili i-CAN Bus ne-RS485 kungaba inzuzo. Ngokuhlanganisa ukuxhumana kwesikhathi sangempela kwe-CAN Bus kanye nokubekezelela amaphutha kanye nokuguquguquka kwesigqila esiyinhloko se-RS485 namandla webanga, ukusetha okuxubile kunganikeza isixazululo esinokulinganisela, esiqinile sezidingo zemboni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

1.Izindawo Ezibucayi: Khetha i-CAN Bus ukukhulisa ukubekezelela amaphutha kanye nokusayina okuqinile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphepha.

2.Izicelo Zebanga Elide: Khetha i-RS485 ngokuxhumana kwayo okuthembekile emabangeni amakhulu ekucushweni kwesigqila esiyinhloko.

3.I-Hybrid Flexibility: Cabangela ukuhlanganisa womabili amaphrothokholi ukuze usebenzise izinzuzo zawo ezihlukile, uthuthukise ukusebenza kohlelo lonke nokwethembeka.

Amathiphu Okusebenzisa Awusizo

A. Ukusethwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha

Isisekelo sohlelo lokuxhumana oluthembekile sisekumisweni kwehadiwe okuhlelwe kahle. Lapho ucubungula izindleko zehadiwe, kubalulekile ukutshala ezintweni ezifanele. Izakhi ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi ukukhetha kwe-transceiver kanye nezinqubo ezifanele zokufaka izintambo. Zombili izinhlelo ze-CAN Bus kanye ne-RS485 zidinga izinqamuleli zokunqanyulwa ekugcineni kwebhasi ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho besignali.

Ku-CAN Bus, ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli ezincane zekhwalithi ephezulu ezinezilawuli ezihlanganisiwe ze-CAN, njenge-Microchip MCP2515, kungenza ukusetha kwakho kube lula. Ku-RS485, amadivayisi afana ne-Texas Instruments SN65HVD72 anconyelwe ukusebenza okuqinile.

B. Izidingo zesofthiwe nephrothokholi

Ukuqaliswa kwesofthiwe okusebenzayo kuqala ngokuqonda kahle isitaki sephrothokholi. Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-CAN Bus, ukuthobela izinga le-ISO 11898 kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokuthembeka. Ngokufanayo, i-RS485 ivamise ukuncika kuphrothokholi ye-Modbus RTU yezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni.

Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuthuthukisa njenge-CANalyzer ye-CAN Bus noma i-ModScan ye-RS485 kungayilula kakhulu inqubo. Lawa mathuluzi asiza ekufaniseni nasekuqinisekiseni ukuxhumana phakathi kwamanodi ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa endaweni ebukhoma.

C. Ukuxazulula izinkinga nokuxilonga

Ukulungisa iphutha okusebenzayo ngesikhathi sesigaba sokusetha kungavimbela izinkinga eziningi ezivamile. Kuzinhlelo ze-CAN Bus, amathuluzi afana ne-PCAN-USB Analyzer angasiza ekuqapheni nasekuxilongeni ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi. Amanethiwekhi e-RS485 ngokufanayo azuza kumadivayisi afana ne-USB-RS485-WE-1800-BT ukuze ahlole izimo zesignali.

Ukuhlola okuvamile kokuxhumeka okuxekethile, ukubeka phansi okungafanele, nokubekwa kahle kwezinqamuli zokunqanyulwa nakho kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuqina kwenethiwekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubhala isigaba ngasinye sokusetha nokuba nendlela ehlelekile yokulungisa iphutha kungasindisa isikhathi nezinsiza ezibalulekile.

Ukufingqa, ukuqinisekisa ukukhetha okulungile kwe-transceiver, ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ngokucophelela, nokusebenzisa izinqubo ezingaguquguquki zokususa iphutha kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni ngempumelelo kwenethiwekhi.

Amathrendi asafufusa kanye ne-Outlook Yesikhathi esizayo

Njengoba sibheke phambili, ukuvela kwezinqubo zokuxhumana kungenzeka kuqhubeke ngesivinini esikhulu. Izivumelwano ezintsha nezithuthukisi kwalezo ezikhona kulindeleke ukuthi zivele, ziqhubekisele phambili imingcele yokusayina okuqinile nokwethembeka kwesistimu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokuphatha amaphutha nezici zokuphatha inethiwekhi ezithuthukisiwe kuzoba semqoka ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo eziqinile zendawo yezimboni.

Umgudu wesikhathi esizayo wokuxhumana kwedatha yezimboni usulungele ukwamukela indlela exubile, lapho izivumelwano ezivamile ezifana ne-CAN Bus ne-RS485 zingase zihlangane nobuchwepheshe obusha. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi izimboni zingasebenzisa amandla ezivumelwano eziningi ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle. Ukugcina iso ezibikezelweni zesikhathi esizayo nokuhlala uvumelana nezimo kuzobaluleka kubabambiqhaza abahlose ukuhlala phambili esimweni esishintsha njalo sokuxhumana kwezimboni.

Okwamabhizinisi afuna izixazululo ezithembekile zehadiwe, abambisana nomuntu othembekileumkhiqizi wamakhompyutha wezimbonikubalulekile. Ukuthi udinga iI-PC yezimboni ene-NVIDIA GPUngekhompyutha esebenza kahle kakhulu noma aI-laptop eqinile ene-GPUezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu, izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe ziyatholakala.

Ukwengeza, izimboni ezidinga amadivayisi eselula aqinile zingahlola ukunikezwa okuvela kokuholayoabakhiqizi bethebhulethi abamangelengele. Ngegumbi lokulawula kanye nezicelo ze-HMI, iI-PC panel yezimboni Windows 10inikeza isikhombikubona esiqinile nesisebenziseka kalula.

Izikhungo zedatha kanye nezinhlelo ezishintshayo zezimboni zingazuza ngokukalaamakhompyutha e-industrial rackmountyakhelwe ukwethembeka okuphezulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, amathimba okusebenza enkambu kanye nempahla angathembela kumadivayisi aqinile ukusuka phezuluabakhiqizi belaptop abamangelengeleukuqinisekisa ukukhiqiza ezimeni ezinzima.

Ngokuhlanganisa izimiso zokuxhumana ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezisombululo zekhompuyutha yezimboni ezisebenza kahle, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukufakazela imisebenzi yawo esikhathini esizayo futhi alondoloze umkhawulo wokuncintisana.