Blog

Kedu ihe bụ ụgbọ ala nwere ike?

2024-08-13 16:29:49

Nke Mpaghara netwọkụ njikwa (ụgbọ ala CAN) bụ usoro nzikọrịta ozi siri ike, nke na-enye ohere maka microcontrollers na ngwaọrụ na-ekwurịta okwu na-enweghị kọmputa. Emepụtara ya na mbụ Bosch na 1980s maka ngwa ụgbọ ala, ụgbọ ala CAN aghọwo ọkọlọtọ na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na-achọ mgbanwe data a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na nke ọma.

N'ime obi ya, CAN ụgbọ ala na-enyere ọtụtụ Ndị na-ahụ maka njikwa eletrọnịkị (ECUs)-dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka breeki, njikwa injin, ma ọ bụ ọkụ—iji kesaa data n'elu a otu eriri eriri agbagọ agbagọ. Kama wiwi isi-na-atụ, CAN na-eji a multi-master architecture ebe ọnụ ụzọ ọ bụla nwere ike ibufe na ịnata, na-akwalite ma scalability na nnabata mmejọ.

Ihe kpatara ụgbọ ala nwere ike ji dị mkpa:

Na-ebelata mgbagwoju anya wiring, ibelata ibu na ọnụ ahịa ụgbọ ala
Na-enye ezigbo oge nkwurịta okwu, ezigbo maka agbakwunyere usoro
Eji ya ụgbọ ala, ulo oru akpaaka, ugbo, na ngwaọrụ ahụike

Ikike nke protocol iji chọpụta mmejọ, jikwaa ihe ndị ka mkpa, na hụ na nzikọrịta ozi ekpebie emeela ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa na nke ọgbara ọhụrụ. netwọk ụgbọ ala na usoro njikwa ụlọ ọrụ.

Kedu ka ụgbọ ala nwere ike si arụ ọrụ?

Nke Sistemụ ụgbọ ala CAN na-arụ ọrụ na a multi-master, ozi dabere protocol, na-enye ohere otutu ngwaọrụ ma ọ bụ Ndị na-ahụ maka njikwa eletrọnịkị (ECU) iji kparịta ụka na netwọk nkekọrịta na-enweghị onye ọbịa etiti. N'adịghị ka nzikọrịta ozi isi-na-isi ọdịnala, ụgbọ ala CAN na-enyere ọnụ ụzọ niile ejikọrọ aka nyefee ma nata data n'onwe ya ebe ị na-ahụ na ọ bụ naanị otu ozi ka a na-ahazi n'otu oge site na usoro a na-akpọ ikpe ikpe.

Ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke nzikọrịta ozi ụgbọ ala CAN:

Ozi mgbasa ozi: A na-ezigara ọnụ ụzọ niile na ụgbọ ala ozi ọ bụla, mana naanị ọnụ ọnụ echere (dabere na NJ ozi) hazie ozi.
Mkpebi dabere na ụzọ: Mgbe ọnụ abụọ na-anwa ibunye n'otu oge, nke nwere njirimara ala (ihe kacha mkpa) na-aga n'ihu mgbe nke ọzọ na-echere. Nke a na-ezere ndakọrịta ma hụ na nnyefe data ozugbo.
Ịrịba ama dị iche iche: CAN na-eji ahịrị abụọ -Nwere ike High na Nwere ike dị ala-nke na-ebu nsụgharị mgbama ahụ tụgharịa. Nhazi a na-akawanye mma mgbochi mkpọtụ na ike eletriki, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka gburugburu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ụgbọ ala.

Ọdịdị Frame Data ụgbọ ala CAN:

Ubi	Nkọwa
Mmalite nke Frame	Na-egosi mmalite nke ozi
Ihe nchọpụta	Na-akọwa mkpa ozi
Ogige njikwa	Na-egosi ogologo data
Ubi data	Na-ebu ihe ruru bytes 8 (Classical CAN)
Ubi CRC	Koodu mperi mperi
ACK oghere	Na-akwado ozi enwetara
Ọgwụgwụ Frame	Na-egosi mmecha ozi

Akpa eji eme ihe:

Sistemụ ụgbọ ala: njikwa breeki, nlekota engine, ntinye akpa ikuku
Akpaaka ụlọ ọrụ: Nchikota igwe-na-igwe
Ngwa ahụike: Sensor na actuator nkwurịta okwu

Site n'iji ihe nchọpụta ozi, ikpe ikpe bitwise, na a oyi akwa anụ ahụ dị iche, na CAN protocol ana achi achi oru oma, ozugbo, na nkwurịta okwu a pụrụ ịdabere na ya gafee mgbagwoju agbakwunyere usoro. Nhazi a pụrụ iche na-eme ka ọ bụrụ isi nkuku na netwọk ụgbọ ala na ọtụtụ njikwa mmepụta ihe ngwa.

Ihe ndị dị mkpa nke Sistemụ ụgbọ ala CAN

A Sistemụ ụgbọ ala CAN bụ nke ọtụtụ dị mkpa mejupụtara ngwaike components, onye ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa iji mee ka a pụrụ ịdabere na ya Oghere Usoro nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ngwaọrụ. Ịghọta ihe ndị a na-enyere ndị injinia na ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ aka imepụta nke ọma, ibugharị, na nchọpụta nsogbu netwọk mpaghara njikwa usoro dị iche iche ngwa-si automotive diagnostic ka ulo oru akpaaka.

1. Igwe njikwa eletrọnịkị (ECU)

Nke ECU bụ ngwaọrụ dabere na microcontroller nke na-arụ sọftụwia maka ọrụ ụfọdụ dị ka njikwa injin, ABS, ma ọ bụ ọkụ. Ụgbọ ala nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ ECU, ha niile na-ekwurịta okwu n'elu CAN netwọk.

2. Onye njikwa nwere ike

Nke a unit na-ejikwa mgbagha nke CAN protocol, gụnyere mwepu ozi, ịlele njehie, na mkpezi bit. Ọtụtụ microcontrollers ọgbara ọhụrụ arụnyerela ya Ndị na-ahụ maka CAN, imewe usoro dị mfe.

3. Nwere ike transceiver

Nke Enwere ike transceiver na-atụgharị mgbama mgbaama dijitalụ sitere na njikwa n'ime akara voltaji dị iche iche na ụgbọ ala CAN (CAN High na CAN Low). Ọ na-anatakwa mgbaama sitere na bọs ma bufee ha azụ na njikwa. Onye transceiver na-eme ka o doo anya nnyefe data siri ike ọbụna na gburugburu mkpọtụ.

4. Ụgbọ ala ụgbọ ala na nkwụsị

CAN wiwi ụgbọ ala na-ejikarị eriri abụọ gbagọrọ agbagọ maka njụta mkpọtụ. Ọgwụgwụ ụgbọ ala ọ bụla ga-enwerịrị a 120-ohm nkwụsị nkwụsị iji gbochie ntụgharị uche mgbaàmà ma hụ na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe.

Isi ihe nyocha Topology ụgbọ ala CAN:

Akụkụ	Ọrụ
ECU	Na-eme usoro mgbakasị ahụ akọwapụtara
Onye njikwa CAN	Mejuputa iwu protocol CAN
Transceiver	Na-atụgharị mgbama mgbagha gaa na ọkwa ụgbọ ala
Ụgbọ ala & nkwụsị	Na-ejikọta ọnụ ma na-eme ka mgbama kwụsie ike

Site na ijikọta ihe ndị a, a Sistemụ ụgbọ ala CAN na-enye a scalable, ọnụ-irè ngwọta maka ezigbo oge nkwurịta okwu gafee agbakwunyere usoro. Ihe ndị a na-ewu ụlọ na-etolite ntọala maka ọtụtụ ndị ụgbọ ala, ọgwụ, na ulo oru CAN ụgbọ ala ngwa.

CAN Bus Protocol Structure

Nke CAN ụgbọ ala protocol na-akọwapụta usoro nzikọrịta ozi ntụkwasị obi siri ike, nke dị elu nke ejiri ọtụtụ ebe netwọk ụgbọ ala, ndị na-ahụ maka mmepụta ihe, na agbakwunyere usoro. Na isi ya, CAN bụ a protocol dabere na ozi— ọnụ na-ebufe ozi nwere NJ na data, ọ bụghị adreesị ozugbo. Usoro a na-abawanye mgbanwe, ezigbo oge arụmọrụ, na usoro scalability.

Ụdị nke Frames CAN

Frame data - Na-ebu ihe mmetụta n'ezie ma ọ bụ njikwa data
Frame dịpụrụ adịpụ - Achọrọ data site na ọnụ ụzọ ọzọ
Frame mperi – Na-egosi njehie achọpụtara na bọs
Bufee Frame - Na-enye mgbakwunye oge tupu nzaghachi

Ọkọlọtọ vs. Ọkpụkpọ Frame agbatịkwuru

Ụdị Ụdị	Ogologo ihe nchọpụta	Jiri Okwu
Ọkọlọtọ	11 ibeji	Ngwa dị mfe, ọnụ ọnụ ọnụ ala
Agbatịkwara	29 ibeji	Netwọk mgbagwoju anya nwere ọtụtụ ọnụ

Nke ọ bụla CAN etiti na-esote nkọwapụta bit-larịị Ọdịdị:

Mmalite nke Frame (SOF): Na-ebute nnyefe ozi
Ihe nchọpụta: Na-egosi mkpa ozi (uru dị ala = mkpa dị elu)
Ogige njikwa: Ezipụta ogologo data (0-8 bytes na oge gboo CAN)
Ubi data: Jide ibu ozi
Ubi CRC: Na-eme ka iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe data
Ubi ACK: Na-akwado nnata ozi site na ọnụ ụzọ ndị ọzọ
Ọgwụgwụ Frame (EOF): Na-egosi mmecha ozi

Bit Timeing na Mmekọrịta

Nke obere oge na-akọwa ogologo oge nke ọ bụla na-adị na netwọk ma na-emetụta baud ọnụego (na-abụkarị 125 kbps ruo 1 Mbps). Mmekọrịta kwesịrị ekwesị n'etiti ọnụ ọnụ na-eme ka nlele data ziri ezi, ọbụlagodi n'ofe gburugburu ọkụ eletrik.

Site n'ịkwado ikpe ikpe, nchọpụta njehie, na etiti ụzọ, nke CAN usoro protocol na-enyere deterministic, obere-latency nkwurịta okwu gafee na-ekesa usoro-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ngwa njikwa oge n'ime ụgbọ ala, robotics, na akpaaka ụlọ ọrụ.

Ngwa nkịtị nke CAN Bus

Nke Sistemụ ụgbọ ala CAN a na-anabatakarị n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ na-achọ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, ezigbo oge nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị ekesa. Ebubere ya maka sistemu njikwa ụgbọ ala, Ụgbọ ala CAN abanyela n'ime usoro ntọala ulo oru akpaaka, ọgwụ eletrọnịkị, igwe ugbo, na usoro mmiri.

1. Ngwa akpaaka

N'ime ụgbọ ala, CAN nkwukọrịta ụgbọ ala jikọọ otutu Ndị na-ahụ maka njikwa eletrọnịkị (ECUs) maka njikọta enweghị nkebi nke subsystems dị oke egwu. Ọ na-ejikwa ọrụ ndị dị ka:

njikwa igwe
Usoro nnyefe
Ihe mgbochi mkpọchi (ABS)
Nbunye akpa ikuku
Njikwa ihu igwe
Sistemụ ọkụ na infotainment

Site na ime ka akụrụngwa ndị a kesaa data n'ofe a otu eriri eriri agbagọ agbagọ, Ụgbọ ala CAN na-ebelata mgbagwoju anya wiring, na-eme ka nchọpụta nchọpụta dịkwuo mma, ma na-ebuli elu arụmọrụ nchekwa.

2. Industrial akpaaka

N'ime ntọala ụlọ ọrụ, CAN protocol a na-eji jikọọ ọnụ Ndị na-ahụ maka PLC, sensọ, ndị na-eme ihe, na ogwe aka rọbọt. Ndị CAN nkwurịta okwu deterministic na-eme ka a mata oge ziri ezi maka njikwa ngagharị yana nleba anya ọnọdụ ọnọdụ ozugbo, ọkachasị mgbe ejikọtara ya na usoro ọkwa dị elu dị ka. Nwere ike imepe ma ọ bụ Netwọk ngwaọrụ.

3. Ngwa ahụike na ọrụ ugbo

A tụkwasịrị ụgbọ ala CAN obi onyonyo onyonyo, ngwaọrụ nlekota onye ọrịa, na infusion usoro n'ihi ya nnabata mmejọ na data iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe. Na ọrụ ugbo, ọ na-akwado Traktọ ndị na-eduzi GPS, ndị na-ewe ihe ubi, na sprayers site na ijikọ ECUs na sensọ n'ofe gburugburu ubi nwere nkụda mmụọ.

4. Mmiri na Off-Highway Jiri

Protocol na-eme nke ọma na mmiri eletrọnịkị (dịka ọmụmaatụ, sistemụ NMEA 2000) yana ụgbọ ala dị arọ dị ka igwe ihe owuwu na gwongworo na-egwuputa ihe, ebe mgbochi mkpọtụ na mgbama siri ike dị mkpa.

Uru nke iji ụgbọ ala CAN

Nke Mpaghara netwọkụ njikwa (ụgbọ ala CAN) guzo dị ka a nkwurịta okwu protocol ruru ya imewe siri ike, mmejuputa ọnụ ala, na njikwa data nke ọma. Ebubere ya maka netwọk ụgbọ ala, ọ bụrụla ihe ngwọta dị mma n'ofe agbakwunyere usoro, ulo oru akpaaka, na ọgwụ eletrọnịkị. Nke isi uru nke teknụzụ ụgbọ ala CAN dabere na nhazi ya, arụmọrụ ya na ntụkwasị obi ya.

1. Ike na gburugburu Harsh

CAN nkwukọrịta ụgbọ ala na-eji nrịbama dị iche iche n'elu a gbagọrọ agbagọ ụzọ (CAN High na CAN Low), nke enhances mgbochi mkpọtụ ma na-enye ya ohere ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na gburugburu ọkụ eletrik dị ka ụlọ mmepụta ihe ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala.

2. Nkwukọrịta Multi-Master nke ọma

N'adịghị ka ntụaka-na-atụ ma ọ bụ nna-ohu protocol, CAN ụgbọ ala na-akwado multi-nna ukwu ike, na-enyere ọnụ ọ bụla aka ịmalite nkwurịta okwu. Mkpebi ikpe na-ahụ na ozi ndị kacha mkpa na-ebute ụzọ na-enweghị nkukota, na-ekwe nkwa nnabata ozugbo.

3. Mbelata mgbagwoju anya Wiring

CAN na-ebelata nke ọma wiring site na ikwe ka ọtụtụ ECU jikọọ n'elu a ụgbọ ala òkè, na-eduga na:

Ọnụ ego dị ala
Nrụnye dị mfe
Ọnụ ọdịda dị ntakịrị

4. Nchọpụta mperi arụnyere na njide mmejọ

Ya na Nyochaa CRC, bit nlekota oru, na okpokolo agba mperi, CAN ụgbọ ala na-enye nyocha onwe onye na ikewapụ mmejọ, na-abawanye ntụkwasị obi usoro.

5. Ọnụ-dị irè na ọnụ ọgụgụ

Akụrụngwa ahaziri dịka Ndị transceivers nwere ike na ndị na-achịkwa dị n'ọtụtụ ebe yana ọnụ ọnụ. Na mgbakwunye, protocol dị mfe scalable maka ha abụọ obere netwọk agbakwunyere na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.

Tụnyere ya na usoro nzikọrịta ozi ndị ọzọ

Mgbe CAN ụgbọ ala protocol bụ a na-eduga nhọrọ maka ezigbo oge agbakwunyere nzikọrịta ozi, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta otú ọ na-atụnyere ndị ọzọ Oghere Usoro nkwurịta okwu ụkpụrụ dị ka LIN, Ethernet, RS-485, na Modbus. Protocol ọ bụla nwere ike na oke pụrụ iche na-eme ka ọ dabara adaba maka ngwa akọwapụtara.

1. CAN vs. LIN (Mpaghara Interconnect Network)

ụgbọ ala LIN bụ usoro dị mfe, otu onye-isi, otu waya ejiri maka ngwa dị ọnụ ala, ngwa ngwa dị ala dịka. windo Motors ma ọ bụ mmezi oche. Tụnyere CAN:

Njirimara	CAN ụgbọ ala	Ụgbọ ala LIN
Ọsọ	Ruo 1 Mbps	Ruo 20 Kbps
Topology	Multi-nna ukwu	Otu-nna ukwu
Ntụkwasị obi	Elu (ya na nlele njehie)	Ala

Jiri Okwu: CAN na-ahọrọ maka ọrụ dị egwu, ebe a na-eji LIN mee ihe adịghị enwe mmetụta oge ọrụ.

2. CAN vs. Ethernet

Ethernet na-enye nnukwu bandwidth dị elu (100 Mbps ruo 1 Gbps+) ma na-akwado nnukwu ụgwọ data, mana enweghị ya deterministic oge na nnabata mmejọ nke CAN.

IKE ka mma maka amụma amụma, nzikọrịta ozi dị ala
Ethernet kacha mma ngwa data na-akpa ike ma ọ bụ igwe ejikọrọ

3. CAN vs. RS-485 / Modbus

RS-485 bụ ụkpụrụ dị iche, ọtụtụ dobe nke a na-ejikarị ya Modbus protocol. Ọ na-ewu ewu na ulo oru akpaaka, mana enweghị nke arụnyere nchọpụta njehie, ozi mkpezi, na mgbanwe nke CAN.

Ịhọrọ Protocol ziri ezi

Protocol	Kachasị mma maka
IKE	Njikwa oge, sistemụ na-anabata mmejọ
LIN	Ngwa agbakwunyere dị mfe, dị ọnụ ala
Ethernet	Data dị elu na nchọpụta nchọpụta
RS-485	Nkwurịta okwu ogologo ogologo

Ịghọta usoro azụmaahịa ndị a na-enyere ndị injinia aka imepụta usoro nzikọrịta ozi nke ọma, dị ọnụ ahịa na nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya maka sistemu ọgbara ọhụrụ agbakwunyere na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.

Ọdịnihu nke teknụzụ ụgbọ ala CAN

Ka agbakwunyere sistemu na akpaaka ụlọ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu na-etolite, ihe CAN ụgbọ ala protocol na-enwekwa mgbanwe iji gboo ihe ọhụrụ a chọrọ. Mgbe Oge gboo CAN na-anọgide n'ọtụtụ ebe, ọhụrụ dị ka CAN FD (ọnụego data na-agbanwe agbanwe) na ntinye nke CAN na Netwọk dabeere na IoT na Ethernet na-akpụzi ọdịnihu nke Sistemụ nkwukọrịta nwere ike.

1. Bilie nke CAN FD

Nwere ike FD na-agbatị ike nke Classical CAN site n'ịkwado:

Ibu data buru ibu (ihe ruru 64 bytes)
Ọnụego data dị elu (karịa 1 Mbps)
Ịrụ ọrụ protocol emelitere

Nke a na-enye ohere ka sistemụ na-ebufe data dị mgbagwoju anya karịa, na-enye ohere iji Sistemụ enyemaka ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala (ADAS), njikwa batrị, na njikwa mmepụta ihe.

2. Njikọ na Ethernet na IoT

Ka ụgbọ ala na igwe na-ejikọkwu ọnụ. CAN ụgbọ ala na-ejikọtawanye ya na Ọnụ ụzọ Ethernet, na-enye ohere ka ebufe data n'ebe dị anya ma ọ bụ tinye n'ime ya nyocha nke igwe ojii nyiwe.

Eji ikpe gụnyere:

Njikwa ụgbọ mmiri nwere nyocha dịpụrụ adịpụ
Nlekọta amụma site na sensọ IoT
Ọrụ ugbo mara mma nwere àkwà mmiri CAN-Ethernet

3. Ngwọta nchekwa emelitere

Nyere na-eto eto nchegbu gburugburu CAN adịghị ike ụgbọ ala, ọdịnihu usoro na-nabata:

Usoro nyocha ozi
Frames data ezoro ezo
Chekwaa ọnụ ụzọ ámá na firewalls

4. Ọrụ na Autonomous and Electric Vehicles

Oge a ụgbọ ala eletrik na nke kwụụrụ onwe ya dabere kpamkpam ezigbo oge nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ECUs, sensọ, na actuators. CAN FD, jikọtara ya na ịkparịta ụka n'oge (TSN) na ọkpụkpụ azụ Ethernet, a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-abụ oyi akwa dị egwu n'ime ụlọ ngwakọ ndị a.

Kwado ngwa ọrụ ụgbọ ala ụlọ ọrụ gị nwere ike iji kọmputa ọrụ SINSMART rụọ ọrụ

Maka ụlọ ọrụ na-adabere ezigbo oge nkwurịta okwu, njikwa ọtụtụ ọnụ, na akpaaka igwe siri ike, nke Ụgbọ ala Mpaghara Network (CAN). ka bụ isi ụkpụrụ-karịsịa na ụgbọ ala, robotics, na akpaaka ụlọ ọrụ. SINSMART na-anapụta ngwaike a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na arụ ọrụ nke ahaziri maka mbugharị dabere na CAN yana ahịrị ya kọmpụta arụrụ arụrụ arụ.

CAN Bus-njikere Industrial PC Lineup

Nlereanya	CPU Platform	Nkwado ụgbọ ala CAN	Igodo igodo	Ngwa akwadoro
SIN-3094-H610E	Intel® 12th Gen Alder Lake (LGA1700)	Nhọrọ	Dual LAN, 6x COM, DP/HDMI, PCIe x16	Multi-axis ngagharị njikwa, AGV onye ọbịa
SIN-3095-N97	Intel® N97 (Alder Lake-N)	Onboard/Nhọrọ	6x COM, 2x LAN, 1x HDMI, DC-IN	Nchọpụta ụgbọ ala, rọbọt mkpanaka
SIN-3025-H110	Intel® 6/7th Gen Core i7/i5/i3	Nhọrọ	6x COM, VGA + HDMI, PCI, DC 9-36V	Igwe nrụpụta ihe nrụpụta
SIN-3042-H110	Intel® 6/7th Gen Core	Nhọrọ	6x COM, 6x USB, WiFi + SIM oghere	Ọrụ ugbo mara mma, netwọkụ sensọ

A na-eji ụdị ọ bụla arụ ọrụ obosara voltaji DC ntinye, fanless imewe nhọrọ, na ọtụtụ Oghere Usoro ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri-dị mma maka ijikọ CAN transceivers ma ọ bụ kaadị mgbasawanye. Nkwado maka Obere PCIe, PCIe zuru oke, na GPIO dị n'ime na-enye mgbanwe maka omenala Enwere ike ijikọ njikọ, dị ka:

Nwere ike na modul USB
Ihe nkwụnye abụọ/quad CAN dabere na PCIe
Obere PCIe nwere ike ịgbasa kaadị na iche

Kedu ihe kpatara ịhọrọ SINSMART maka ngwa ụgbọ ala CAN?

Nkwụsi ike nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe n'ebe ndị siri ike
Mgbasawanye na-agbanwe agbanwe iji nabata oghere CAN dịpụrụ adịpụ
Nhazi oge nkwado na obere-latency agbakwunyere nyiwe
Kọmpat, ogige enyi ugwu maka kabinet na ntinye ụgbọ ala

Ma ị na-ewu ụlọ AGV njikwa igodo, a igwe-na-igwe nzikọrịta ozi ọnụ, ma ọ bụ a ọnụ ụzọ sensọ, SINSMART PC mmepụta ihe hụ na usoro ụgbọ ala CAN gị na-aga obere ngwugwu ọnwụ, elu eletriki ndidi, na kacha arụ ọrụ n'ihu.

Makankọwa zuru ezu ma ọ bụ ngwọta ahaziri, biko kpọtụrụNdị SinSMARTotu nkwado.