Ibisobanuro ku nganda

Mudasobwa zo mu nganda ni mudasobwa zikoreshwa muri sisitemu zo kugenzura imikorere y’inganda, zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu buryo bwikora mu nganda no mu zindi nzira zo gukoresha. Mu guhitamo mudasobwa zo mu nganda, "ibintu bitatu" by’ubwirinzi, umutekano, n’ituze bigomba gukurikizwa niba imikorere ihagije.

Hari ibyiciro bitatu by'ingenzi by'imiterere ya CPU kuri mudasobwa zo mu nganda: X86, ARM, na RISC-V

Akamaro ka Windows XP mu rwego rw'inganda Windows XP ni sisitemu y'imikorere yasohotse na Microsoft mu 2001. Ni gake cyane mu nzego z'abantu ku giti cyabo n'iz'ubucuruzi, ariko imaze igihe kinini ikoreshwa cyane mu rwego rwo kugenzura inganda. Iyi nkuru izagaragaza impamvu kandi isobanure impamvu kandi itange inama kuri mudasobwa y'inganda ishyigikira sisitemu ya XP kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa mu rwego rw'inganda kandi ihamye.

Reka mbagezeho ibice by'ingenzi n'ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere ya CPU (ishami rishinzwe gutunganya amakuru hagati). CPU ubusanzwe ikubiyemo igice cy'imikorere ya logique, igice cy'igenzura, n'igice cy'ububiko. Mu gice cy'imikorere ya logique n'igenzura, hari ibice bimwe na bimwe byitwa registers, bigira uruhare mu kubika amakuru by'agateganyo mu gihe cyo gutunganya amakuru ya CPU.

Mudasobwa y’inganda ifite imiyoboro myinshi yerekeza ku bwoko bwihariye bwa mudasobwa y’inganda ikoreshwa mu bijyanye no kugenzura no gukora ikoranabuhanga mu nganda. Ifite imikorere n’imiterere y’imiyoboro myinshi y’inganda, ishobora kuba Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet cyangwa ubundi bwoko bw’imiyoboro y’inganda, nka serial port, CAN bus, nibindi, bikoreshwa mu guhuza umuyoboro w’akarere cyangwa interineti.

Mu rwego rw'inganda zigezweho, mudasobwa zikora ku ikoranabuhanga rya ecran zigenda ziba igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere myiza y'akazi n'ubunararibonye bw'abakoresha.

Incamake y'amakuru:

Iyi nyigisho y'amashusho iguha ubuyobozi bwuzuye bwo gushyiraho mudasobwa ikoreshwa mu nganda, ikwiriye abakoresha badafite ibintu by'ibanze. Kuva ku gutegura kugeza ku guhitamo ibikoresho no guteranya, irasobanurwa mu buryo burambuye kimwe kimwe kugira ngo ushobore gutangira byoroshye. Harimo amahame yo guhitamo ibikoresho nka CPU, motherboard, memory, graphics card, n'intambwe zo guteranya igikoresho, kugira ngo ubashe kurangiza neza gushyiramo nta bintu by'ibanze.

Urwego rw'uburinzi rwa mudasobwa zikomeye zikoresha tableti rurimo IP53, IP54, IP65, IP67, IP68, n'ibindi. Muri byo, IP67 ifite uburinzi bwo hejuru cyane, kandi umubiri wayo ntushobora kuvumbirwa n'ivumbi, ntushobora kuvoma, kandi ntushobora kugwa n'amazi. Ivumbi ryo hanze ntirishobora kwinjira muri mashini, kandi ubushobozi bwo kudashobora kuvoma butuma mashini yinjizwa mu mazi igihe gito idateye ikibazo kuri mashini.

Mudasobwa zishyirwa mu modoka zigezweho zabaye ishingiro ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'imodoka, binoza cyane imikorere y'imodoka, umutekano, n'itumanaho. Izi sisitemu, zizwi nka sisitemu zishyirwa mu modoka, zigamije gukora ibikorwa byihariye mu modoka, akenshi mu gihe nyacyo, kugira ngo ibice bitandukanye n'ibice bito bishobore kuvugana neza.

Mudasobwa zo mu nganda ni ibikoresho bigira uruhare runini muri sisitemu z’imikorere y’inganda. Ikoreshwa ryabyo ry’ingenzi ririmo kugenzura imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga, kubona no gutunganya amakuru, kugenzura no gucunga ibikoresho, itumanaho ry’imiyoboro y’inganda, kugenzura no kugenzura ibikorwa, guhuza abantu n’imashini (HMI), kugenzura ubuziranenge, kugenzura umutekano, kubika no gusesengura amakuru, n’ibindi.

Mu mishinga y’inganda nyinshi zikora, sisitemu yo kugenzura amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu kunoza imiterere y’ibicuruzwa ni ingenzi cyane, ikaba ari ingenzi cyane ku bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa no ku mutekano w’imishinga y’ibicuruzwa. Iyi sisitemu yongera cyane ubukana n’ubucucike bw’urwego rwa okiside, bityo ikarushaho kunoza ubwiza n’umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa.