Debian vs Ubuntu: Ni ubuhe butumwa bwa Linux bukubereye?

Imbonerahamwe

• 1. Intangiriro
• 2. Debian ni iki?
• 3. Ubuntu ni iki?
• 4. Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati ya Debian na Ubuntu
• 5. Ninde urusha abandi ibyiza?

Intangiriro

Ku bijyanye no gukwirakwiza Linux, Debian na Ubuntu ni bibiri mu byamamare kandi byaganiriweho cyane. Buriwese afite imbaraga kandi arasaba ubwoko butandukanye bwabakoresha. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzacukumbura itandukaniro ryingenzi riri hagati ya Debian vs Ubuntu, tugufashe gufata icyemezo cyuzuye kubijyanye nimwe ikwiranye nibyo ukeneye.

A. Incamake ya Debian na Ubuntu

Debian numwe mubakera kandi bashikamye Linux. Azwiho kwizerwa n'umutekano, Debian akoreshwa nabakoresha ubunararibonye, ​​abiteza imbere, na seriveri kwisi yose. Ikora nk'ishingiro kubindi byinshi Linux ikwirakwiza, Ubuntu ikaba imwe mu nkomoko zizwi cyane. Debian yibanze ku gutuza kurwego rwo hejuru, bituma ihitamo neza kubakoresha bashaka sisitemu ihamye, ndende.

Kurundi ruhande, Ubuntu nubundi buryo bwogukoresha-gukwirakwiza hejuru ya Debian. Yashizweho kugirango itange uburambe bworoshye kandi butagira ingano kubatangiye nabakoresha muri rusange. Hamwe namakuru agezweho, ibintu byinshi bya software, hamwe nubufasha bukomeye bwabaturage, Ubuntu bwamamaye cyane kumeza yumuntu ku giti cye, seriveri, ndetse na porogaramu ishingiye ku bicu.

Debian ni iki?

Debian numwe mubantu bubahwa kandi bizewe Linux iboneka uyumunsi. Azwiho gutekana, umutekano, hamwe nuburyo bwagutse bwo guhitamo, bigatuma ihitamo kubateza imbere ndetse nabayobozi ba seriveri. Muri iki gice, tuzareba icyatuma Debian yihariye n'impamvu ikoreshwa cyane.

A. Amateka n'amateka

Debian yatangijwe mu 1993 na Ian Murdock, Debian yashizweho kugirango ibe sisitemu y'imikorere ifunguye ishobora guhuriza hamwe ibyiza bya Linux bitandukanye. Mu myaka yashize, yabaye imwe mu zizwi cyane kandi zihamye muri ecosystem ya Linux. Politiki ikaze ya Debian ya software yubuntu yatumye ikundwa nabashyira imbere ubwisanzure no kugenzura sisitemu yabo.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byagaragaye mu mateka ya Debian:

1993: Irekurwa ryambere rya Debian

2000: Debian yemeye "amasezerano mbonezamubano" yemeza software yubuntu

2005: Sisitemu yo kurekura ihamye ya Debian yashyizweho

2015: Debian asohora amakuru mashya buri gihe, nyuma yigihe cyogusohora

B. Ibintu byingenzi biranga Debian

Debian yihagararaho kubera kwibanda ku gutekana, umutekano, no guhinduka. Bimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi biranga:

Guhagarara igihe kirekire: Debian azwiho kurekura igihe kirekire no gusohora bihamye. Nibyiza kuri seriveri, aho igihe cyo kwizerwa ari ngombwa.

Gucunga ibicuruzwa: Debian akoresha sisitemu ya APT (Advanced Package Tool), ituma kwinjiza software no kuvugurura byoroshye. Sisitemu ya APT ishyigikira ibipapuro byabigenewe, byemeza gucunga neza umutekano.

Ububiko bwagutse bwa software: Hamwe no kubona ama software arenga 50.000, abakoresha Debian bafite urwego rutagira imipaka rwa porogaramu kurutoki. Ibi nibyiza kubateza imbere bakeneye software yihariye yo kwiteza imbere, kugerageza, cyangwa gucunga seriveri.

Umutekano: Debian afite itsinda ryumutekano ryabigenewe ryemeza ko intege nke zose zashizweho vuba. Ibi bituma Debian imwe mubisaranganya Linux bifite umutekano.

Guhitamo: Debian itanga ihinduka rikomeye, ryemerera abakoresha kubaka sisitemu yabo kuva hasi. Nibyiza kubakoresha bateye imbere bashaka guhitamo ibidukikije no guhuza sisitemu y'imikorere kubyo bakeneye.

C. Ubwoko bwa Debian Isohora

Debian itanga ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwo gusohora, buri kimwe kigaburira imanza zitandukanye. Imiyoboro itatu yo kurekura ni:

Ihamye

Irekurwa rihamye nicyo kizwi cyane kandi gikoreshwa cyane. Byarageragejwe neza kandi bifatwa nkuburyo bwizewe bwa Debian, bituma biba byiza kubidukikije, seriveri, hamwe nubundi buryo aho umutekano uhagaze. Irekurwa rihamye ryakira ivugurura ryumutekano no gukosora amakosa ariko nta biranga bishya keretse niba bifitanye isano numutekano.

Kwipimisha

Isohora ryikizamini ni isohoka ririmo verisiyo nshya ya software ugereranije nibisohoka bihamye. Birakwiye kubakoresha bashaka kuringaniza hagati yubushobozi nubushobozi bwo kugerageza paki nshya. Nubwo bidahamye nkibisohoka bihamye, biracyafatwa nkibyizewe kubibazo byinshi byakoreshejwe.

Ntibihinduka

Irekurwa ridahungabana, bakunze kwita Sid, niho hatangizwa ibipapuro bishya. Birasabwa kubateza imbere hamwe nabakunzi borohewe nibisubirwamo kenshi nibishobora guhungabana. Sid idahwema kuvugururwa hamwe na software igezweho kandi ntabwo ari byiza kuri sisitemu yo gukora cyangwa abakoresha badafite uburambe.

D. Gukoresha Imanza

Debian irahuze cyane kandi irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwibidukikije. Bimwe mubibazo byakunze gukoreshwa harimo:

Ibidukikije bya Seriveri: Bitewe numutekano wacyo numutekano, Debian nuguhitamo kwambere mugukoresha seriveri, seriveri yububiko, seriveri ya dosiye, nibindi byinshi.

Ibikorwa by'iterambere: Abashinzwe iterambere bashima guhinduka hamwe nubushobozi bwo gushiraho urutonde rwindimi nibikoresho byoroshye.

Sisitemu ya Linux: Kamere yoroheje ya Debian yemerera abakoresha gukora sisitemu ntoya ijyanye nibikenewe byihariye, haba kubikoresho bya IoT cyangwa sisitemu yashyizwemo.

Ibicu byoherejwe: Hamwe nimikorere ihamye hamwe no hejuru, Debian nayo ihitamo cyane kuri sisitemu ishingiye ku bicu n'imashini ziboneka.

Ubuntu ni iki?

Ubuntu nimwe mubikoresha cyane Linux ikwirakwizwa uyumunsi. Yatejwe imbere kandi ikomezwa na Canonical Ltd, yabaye ihitamo ryamamare kuri desktop na seriveri ibidukikije. Azwiho koroshya imikoreshereze, kwizerwa, hamwe nabaturage bakora, Ubuntu ifatwa nkikwirakwizwa rituma Linux igera kubatangiye mugihe ikomeje gutanga ibintu byambere kubakoresha ubunararibonye.

A. Amateka n'amateka

Ubuntu bwasohotse bwa mbere mu 2004 kandi bwihuse bwamamaye kubera ubworoherane nuburyo bukoresha inshuti. Yubatswe hejuru ya Debian, iragwa ituze ryayo mugihe ikora umubare wibintu byoroshye kugirango byoroshye gukoreshwa. Canonical, isosiyete iri inyuma yUbuntu, yibanze ku gutuma Ubuntu bugera kubantu benshi, uhereye kubakoresha desktop bisanzwe kugeza kuri seriveri yo murwego rwibikorwa ndetse nibidukikije.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byagaragaye mu mateka ya Ubuntu:

2004: Gusohora bwa mbere Ubuntu 4.10 ("Warty Warthog")

2006: Intangiriro yinkunga ndende (LTS) yasohotse

2010: Ibiro bya Ubuntu Ubumwe byatangijwe

2017: Ubuntu bwavuye mubumwe bujya kuri desktop ya GNOME

2020: Ubuntu butangira kwibanda kuri Snap pack hamwe na kontineri yo gukoresha igicu na IoT

B. Ibiranga Ubuntu

Ubuntu bwashizweho kugirango byoroshye kwinjizamo, gukoresha, no kubungabunga, hibandwa ku bunararibonye bw'abakoresha. Ibiranga harimo:

Ibidukikije bya GNOME Ibidukikije: Ubuntu busanzwe bwa desktop ni GNOME, itanga isura nziza kandi igezweho. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane kubakoresha bakunda ubworoherane no gukora neza mubikorwa byabo.

Porogaramu ya software hamwe nudupapuro twa Snap: Ubuntu Software Centre yemerera abakoresha gushakisha byoroshye no gushiraho porogaramu ibihumbi. Hamwe nogutangiza Snap pack, abakoresha Ubuntu barashobora kubona software ikora mugukwirakwiza Linux nyinshi hamwe nibikorwa bihoraho kandi bigezweho.

Amakuru agezweho: Bitandukanye na Debian, ikurikira buhoro buhoro kurekura, Ubuntu itanga amakuru mashya, itanga ibintu bishya nibitezimbere. LTS (Inkunga ndende-ndende) isohoka yakira imyaka 5 yumutekano wogukosora no gukosora amakosa, mugihe ibyasohotse bisanzwe bishyigikirwa amezi 9.

Umutekano n'imikorere: Ubuntu bungukirwa nibisanzwe byumutekano hamwe nitsinda rishinzwe umutekano. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, ni byiza gukora neza, bitanga ibisubizo-by-ibisubizo kubakoresha benshi badakeneye ibishushanyo bigoye.

Inyandiko nini ninkunga yabaturage: Ubuntu bushyigikiwe numuryango munini wa Linux, utanga ibikoresho byinshi nka forumu, inyigisho, hamwe ninyandiko zemewe. Ibi byoroha kubatangiye ndetse nabakoresha bateye imbere gukemura ibibazo no kubona ubufasha.

C. Ubwoko bwa Ubuntu Isohora

Ubuntu buzwiho gahunda yo gusohora buri gihe, butanga ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwo gusohora:

Inkunga ndende (LTS)

Isohora rya LTS rishyigikiwe nimyaka 5, hamwe namakuru agezweho yumutekano no gukosora amakosa. Isohora nibyiza kubakoresha bakeneye ibidukikije bihamye kandi bifite umutekano, nkubucuruzi ninganda. LTS iheruka gusohoka ni Ubuntu 22.04 LTS ("Jammy Jellyfish").

Isohora ry'agateganyo

Isohora rikorwa buri mezi atandatu kandi ritanga uburyo bwo kugera kuri software igezweho. Nyamara, bashyigikiwe amezi 9 gusa, bigatuma abera neza abakoresha bashaka ibikoresho bigezweho kandi bigezweho ariko bafite ubushake bwo kuzamura kenshi.

Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati ya Debian na Ubuntu

B. Gucunga ibicuruzwa

Byombi Debian na Ubuntu Koresha APT (Igikoresho cyo hejuru) yo gucunga software, ariko hariho itandukaniro muburyo bakora paki.

1. Gucunga ibikoresho bya Debian

Debian akoresha .deb imiterere ya pack, nayo ikoreshwa na Ubuntu. Ariko, uburyo bwa Debian muburyo bwo gucunga pake ni byinshi abagumyabanga. Amapaki muri Debian Ihamye ishami ryageragejwe cyane kugirango ryizere ko ryizewe kandi rifite umutekano, ariko ibi bivamo ibipaki kuba bishaje ugereranije nibiri muri Ubuntu.

Debian ikoresha APT yo gushiraho no kuvugurura paki, hamwe nububiko bunini bwa hejuru Amapaki 50.000. Sisitemu yo gucunga sisitemu ihamye kandi yanditse neza, bituma iba nziza kuri abakoresha bateye imbere Ninde ukunda kugenzura neza ibidukikije bya software.

2. Ubuntu Ubuyobozi bwa Package

Ubuntu ikoresha APT kubicunga paki ariko yibanda cyane mugukora installation no kuvugurura nkumukoresha-bishoboka. Byongeye kandi, Ubuntu bwatangije Gupakira na Flatpak inkunga, itanga uburyo bugezweho kandi bworoshye bwo kwinjizamo porogaramu muburyo butandukanye bwa Linux. Snap ibipaki, byumwihariko, nibisanduku byashyizwe kumusenyi bishobora gushyirwaho icyaricyo cyose Sisitemu ya Linux, utitaye kubikwirakwizwa.

Ubuntu’s Ikigo cya software itanga igishushanyo mbonera cyo gucunga paki, byorohereza abitangira nabakoresha bisanzwe gushiraho no gukuraho software udakeneye gukoresha umurongo. Uwiteka Ububiko bwa Snap inatanga uburyo bwo kugera kumurongo mugari wa Porogaramu Zigezweho, harimo software yihariye, idashobora kuboneka mububiko busanzwe bwa Debian.

C. Uburambe bwabakoresha nibidukikije bya desktop

Byombi Debian na Ubuntu tanga ibikoresho bikomeye bya desktop, ariko bihuza ubwoko butandukanye bwabakoresha.

1. Ibidukikije bya Debian

Debian itanga abakoresha a guhitamo Ibidukikije mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho. Bimwe mubishobora kuboneka birimo GNOME, AHO, XFCE, na LXDE. Ibidukikije bya Debian isanzwe ni GNOME, ariko abakoresha barashobora guhinduka mubindi bidukikije bitewe nibyo bakunda.

Ibidukikije bya Debian birahinduka cyane, ariko birashobora gusaba byinshi Ibikoresho Ubuntu. Iyi ni akarusho kuri abakoresha bateye imbere abashaka kugenzura byuzuye sisitemu yabo ariko birashobora kuba byinshi kubatangiye.

2. Ibidukikije bya desktop ya Ubuntu

Ubuntu ikoresha GNOME nkibisanzwe desktop ibidukikije, bisa na Debian, ariko hamwe nibihinduka byinshi kugirango bikore byinshi Umukoresha. Ubuntu’s Ubumwe Imigaragarire yari isanzwe kugeza 2017, iyo yasubiye inyuma kuri GNOME, ariko hamwe Ubuntu bwihariye nka a Dock kuruhande rwibumoso bwa ecran.

Ubuntu’s Umukoresha Imigaragarire isukuye, itangiza, kandi yagenewe guhuza byombi abatangiye na abakoresha inararibonye. Uwiteka Ubuntu itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona porogaramu zitandukanye, mugihe ubunararibonye bwa desktop bworoheje kugirango bugabanye ibintu bigoye.

D. Inkunga n'Umuryango

1. Umuryango wa Debian

Umuryango wa Debian ugizwe nuburambe abashinzwe iterambere, sysadmins, na abakunzi. Ntabwo ifite imiterere yubucuruzi yemewe, ariko ifite nini umuryango mpuzamahanga itanga umusanzu kuri forumu, urutonde rwa imeri, hamwe ninyandiko. Kubakoresha bakeneye inkunga, hari ibikoresho byinshi biboneka binyuze Debian Wiki, amahuriro, hamwe nabantu kumurongo nka Reddit.

2. Ubuntu

Ubuntu, kuba ibicuruzwa bya Canonical Ltd., ifite byinshi amahitamo ashyigikiwe, cyane cyane kubakiriya bo murwego rwimishinga. Usibye inkunga yabaturage binyuze mumahuriro numuyoboro wa IRC, Ubuntu butanga inkunga yishyuwe binyuze muri Canonical Ubuntu Porogaramu. Iyi serivisi itanga ubufasha bwumwuga, harimo kuvugurura umutekano, kubungabunga, na kugisha inama.

Ubuntu ifite umuryango mugari wabakoresha nabaterankunga, byoroshye kubona ubufasha nibikoresho byo gukemura ibibazo bisanzwe.

E. Imikorere n'umutungo wa sisitemu

1. Imikorere ya Debian

Debian azwiho kuba yoroheje kandi yihariye cyane. Kubera ko itanga ibyibanze byibanze, abakoresha barashobora gukora sisitemu nziza cyane ijyanye nibyifuzo byabo byihariye. Imikorere ya Debian ikunda kuba nziza kubikoresho bishaje cyangwa sisitemu ifite amikoro make, kuko ntabwo irimo software idakenewe muburyo budasanzwe.

2. Ubuntu

Ubuntu buremereye gato ugereranije na Debian, bitewe ahanini nubukoresha bworohereza abakoresha hamwe na progaramu zashizweho mbere. Nyamara, imikorere ya Ubuntu ninziza kubikoresho bigezweho, kandi byateguwe neza kuri desktop na seriveri. Kubakoresha bashaka sisitemu nziza neza hanze yisanduku, Ubuntu ni amahitamo meza.

Ninde urusha abandi ibyiza?

Amaherezo, Debian nibyiza kubakoresha bashaka kugenzura no gutuza, mugihe Ubuntu ni byiza cyane kubantu bakunda byoroshye-gukoresha, sisitemu igezweho hamwe ninkunga nziza hamwe no guhuza ibicu.

Kubindi bisobanuro kuri Advantech Yashyizwemo PC, reba iki gitabo kirambuye. Niba ushaka an Inganda PC hamwe na Nvidia GPU, dufite amahitamo kubyo nabyo. Nkumunararibonye Uruganda rukora mudasobwa, dutanga ibisubizo byujuje ubuziranenge, byihariye.

Niba ibyo ukeneye birimo a Inganda Rack Mount Computer, dutanga moderi zitandukanye zagenewe guhuza ibyifuzo byinganda zikomeye zinganda. Tuzobereye kandi PC Yinganda Yinganda, gutanga ibisubizo bihanitse kubikorwa bigoye. Kubashaka ibikoresho bigoye, biramba, ibyacu Tablet yinganda Android icyitegererezo gitanga kwizerwa mubihe bigoye.

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