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Debian vs Ubuntu: Ndeipi Linux Distribution Yakakodzera Iwe?
Zviri Mukati
- 1. Nhanganyaya
- 2. Chii chinonzi Debian?
- 3. Chii chinonzi Ubuntu?
- 4. Misiyano Yakakosha Pakati peDebian neUbuntu
- 5. Nderipi Riri Nane Kwauri?
Nhanganyaya
Kana zvasvika pakugoverwa kweLinux, Debian uye Ubuntu ndiwo maviri esarudzo dzinonyanya kufarirwa uye dzakakurukurwa zvakanyanya. Imwe neimwe ine simba rayo uye inokwezva kune akasiyana marudzi evashandisi. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora misiyano yakakosha pakati peDebian vs Ubuntu, tichikubatsira kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo nezve kuti ndeipi inonyatsokodzera zvaunoda.
A. Pfupiso yeDebian neUbuntu
Debian ndeimwe yekare uye yakagadzikana Linux kugovera. Inozivikanwa nekuvimbika kwayo uye kuchengetedzeka, Debian inoshandiswa nevashandisi vane ruzivo, vanogadzira, uye maseva pasi rese. Iyo inoshanda sehwaro hwezvimwe zvakati wandei kugoverwa kweLinux, neUbuntu iri imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa kubva. Debian inotarisa pakugadzikana pamusoro pekucheka-kumucheto maficha, izvo zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka kune vashandisi vari kutsvaga yakasimba, yenguva refu sisitimu.
Kune rimwe divi, Ubuntu ndeye mushandisi-ane hushamwari kugovera kwakavakirwa pamusoro peDebian. Yakagadzirirwa kupa iri nyore uye isina musono ruzivo kune vanotanga uye vese vashandisi. Nezvidzoreso zvenguva dzose, kuwanda kwesoftware mapakeji, uye kutsigirwa kwakasimba kwenharaunda, Ubuntu yakawana mukurumbira wakakura wematafura emunhu, maseva, uye kunyange makore-based application.
Chii chinonzi Debian?
Debian ndeimwe yeanoremekedzwa uye akavimbika Linux kugovera iripo nhasi. Iyo inozivikanwa nekugadzikana kwayo, chengetedzo, uye yakawandisa sarudzo dzekugadzirisa, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inosarudzika kune vese vanogadzira uye server administrator. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora chii chinoita kuti Debian ive yakasarudzika uye nei ichishandiswa zvakanyanya.
A. Nhoroondo uye Background
Yakatangwa muna 1993 naIan Murdock, Debian yakagadzirirwa kuve yakavhurika-sosi inoshanda sisitimu inogona kuunza pamwe chete akanakisa akasiyana aripo Linux kugovera. Kwemakore, yave imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa uye akagadzikana kugovera muLinux ecosystem. Debian's yakasimba mutemo wemahara software yaita kuti ive inofarirwa kune avo vanoisa pamberi rusununguko uye kutonga pamusoro pekushandisa kwavo.
Makiyi Milestones muDebian's Nhoroondo:
1993: Kwekutanga kuburitswa kweDebian
2000: Debian anotora iyo "social contract" inovimbisa yemahara software
2005: Debian's yakagadzikana yekuburitsa sisitimu yakagadzwa
2015: Debian inoburitsa makuru ekugadzirisa nguva dzose, achitevera yakagadziriswa kuburitswa kutenderera
B. Zvinhu Zvikuru zveDebian
Debian inomira kunze nekuda kwekutarisa kwayo pakugadzikana, kuchengetedzeka, uye kuchinjika. Zvimwe zvezvimiro zvayo zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:
Kugadzikana Kwenguva Yakareba: Debian inozivikanwa nekureba kwayo kuburitswa uye kuburitswa kwakagadzikana. Iyo yakakwana kune maseva, uko uptime uye kuvimbika kwakakosha.
Package Management: Debian inoshandisa iyo APT (Advanced Package Tool) system, inoita kuti kuisirwa software uye kugadzirisa kuve nyore. Iyo APT sisitimu inotsigira dhibhi mapakeji, kuve nechokwadi chakatsetseka uye chakachengeteka chekutakura manejimendi.
Wide Software Repositories: Nekuwana pamusoro pe50,000 software mapakeji, vashandisi veDebian vane rinenge risingaperi renji rekushandisa pamunwe wavo. Izvi zvinobatsira kune vanogadzira vanoda yakasarudzika software yekusimudzira, yekuyedza, kana server manejimendi.
Chengetedzo: Debian ine timu yakazvitsaurira yekuchengetedza iyo inova nechokwadi chekuti chero kusadzivirirwa kunobatwa nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinoita kuti Debian imwe yeakanyanya kuchengetedzeka Linux kugovera kuwanikwa.
Customizability: Debian inopa kuchinjika kukuru, ichibvumira vashandisi kuvaka yavo sisitimu kubva pasi kumusoro. Yakanakira vashandisi vepamberi vanoda kugadzirisa nharaunda yavo uye kugadzirisa sisitimu yekushandisa kune zvavanoda.
C. Mhando dzeDebian Releases
Debian inopa matatu makuru marudzi ekuburitswa, imwe neimwe inobata kune akasiyana ekushandisa kesi. Iwo matatu nzira dzekuburitsa ndeidzi:
Yakagadzikana
The Stable release ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Iyo yakanyatso kuedzwa uye inoonekwa seyakavimbika vhezheni yeDebian, ichiita kuti ive yakanakira nzvimbo dzekugadzira, maseva, uye mamwe masisitimu uko kugadzikana kwakakosha. Kuburitswa kwakagadzika kunogashira zvigadziriso zvekuchengetedza uye bug gadziriso asi hapana zvitsva maficha kunze kwekunge ane hukama nekuchengetedza.
Testing
The Testing kuburitswa kuburitswa kunosanganisira itsva shanduro dzesoftware zvichienzaniswa neStable kuburitswa. Yakakodzera vashandisi vanoda chiyero pakati pekugadzikana uye kugona kuyedza mapakeji matsva. Kunyange isina kugadzikana seStable kuburitswa, ichiri kunzi yakavimbika kune akawanda ekushandisa kesi.
Kusagadzikana
Iyo Kusagadzikana kuburitswa, kunowanzo kunzi Sid, ndipo panotanga kuunzwa mapakeji matsva. Inokurudzirwa kune vanogadzira uye vanofarira vanogadzika neanogara achigadziridza uye nekugona kusagadzikana. Sid inoramba ichivandudzwa nesoftware yazvino uye haina kunaka kune masisitimu ekugadzira kana vashandisi vasina ruzivo.
D. Debian Use Cases
Debian inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana uye inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kushandiswa zviitiko zvinosanganisira:
Nzvimbo dzeSeva: Nekuda kwekugadzikana kwayo uye kuchengetedzeka, Debian isarudzo yepamusoro yekumhanyisa maseva ewebhu, maseva edatabase, maseva efaira, nezvimwe.
Development Workstations: Vagadziri vanokoshesa kuchinjika uye kugona kuisa mitauro yakawanda yemapurogiramu uye zvishandiso zviri nyore.
Tsika Linux Systems: Debian's lightweight nature inobvumira vashandisi kugadzira mashoma masisitimu anoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo, ingave yeIoT zvishandiso kana akaiswa masisitimu.
Cloud Deployments: Nekuita kwayo kwakasimba uye yakaderera pamusoro, Debian zvakare isarudzo yakakurumbira yegore-yakavakirwa masisitimu uye chaiwo michina.
Chii chinonzi Ubuntu?
Ubuntu ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandisa-inoshamwaridzika Linux kugovera iripo nhasi. Yakagadziridzwa uye yakachengetwa neCanonical Ltd., yave sarudzo yakakurumbira kune ese ari maviri desktop uye server nharaunda. Inozivikanwa nekureruka kwekushandisa, kuvimbika, uye nharaunda inoshanda, Ubuntu inoonekwa zvakanyanya sekugovera kunoita kuti Linux iwanikwe kune vanotanga ichiri kupa epamberi maficha evashandisi vane ruzivo.
A. Nhoroondo uye Background
Ubuntu yakatanga kuburitswa muna 2004 uye yakakurumidza kuwana mukurumbira nekuda kwekureruka kwayo uye mushandisi-ane hushamwari maitiro. Iyo yakavakirwa pamusoro peDebian, ichigara nhaka kugadzikana kwayo ichigadzira akati wandei optimizations kuitira nyore kushandisa. Canonical, kambani iri kuseri kweUbuntu, yakatarisana nekuita kuti Ubuntu iwanikwe kune vateereri vakapararira, kubva kune vakajairwa desktop vashandisi kuenda kumabhizinesi-level maseva uye makore nharaunda.
Makiyi Milestones muUbuntu's Nhoroondo:
2004: Kwekutanga kuburitswa kweUbuntu 4.10 ("Warty Warthog")
2006: Kuburitswa kweRutsigiro Kwenguva Yakareba (LTS).
2010: Ubuntu Unity Desktop yakaunzwa
2017: Ubuntu inoshanduka kubva kuUnited kuenda kuGNOME desktop
2020: Ubuntu inotanga kutarisa paSnap mapakeji uye kutakura kwegore uye kushandiswa kweIoT
B. Zvinokosha zveUbuntu
Ubuntu yakagadzirirwa kuve nyore kuisa, kushandisa, uye kuchengetedza, nekutarisa pane ruzivo rwemushandisi. Zvimiro zvayo zvinosanganisira:
GNOME Desktop Nzvimbo: Ubuntu's default desktop nharaunda ndeyeGNOME, inopa yakachena uye yemazuva ano mushandisi interface. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira kune vashandisi vanofarira kuve nyore uye kugona mukufamba kwavo kwekushanda.
Software Center uye Snap Packages: Iyo Ubuntu Software Center inobvumira vashandisi kutarisa zviri nyore uye kuisa zviuru zvezvishandiso. Nekuunzwa kweSnap mapakeji, vashandisi veUbuntu vanogona kuwana software inoshanda kune akawanda maLinux kugoverwa nekuita kunoenderana uye kugadzirisa.
Zvinowanzoitwa Kusiyana neDebian, iyo inotevera inononoka kuburitsa kutenderera, Ubuntu inopa yakajairika inogadziridza, ichipa ichangoburwa maficha nekuvandudza. LTS (Yenguva Yakareba-Rutsigiro) inoburitswa inogashira makore mashanu ekuchengetedza zvigadziriso uye kugadzirisa kwebug, nepo kuburitswa kwakajairwa kunotsigirwa kwemwedzi ye9.
Chengetedzo uye Kuita: Ubuntu inobatsira kubva kune yakajairwa kuchengetedza zvigamba uye inoshanda yekuchengetedza timu. Pamusoro pezvo, yakagadziridzwa kuita basa, ichipa kunze-kwe-kwe-bhokisi mhinduro yevashandisi vazhinji pasina kuda kurongeka kwakaoma.
Zvinyorwa Zvakawanda uye Rutsigiro Rwenharaunda: Ubuntu inotsigirwa neimwe yenharaunda huru dzeLinux, ichipa zviwanikwa zvakakura senge maforamu, tutorials, uye zviri pamutemo zvinyorwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kune vese vanotanga uye vashandisi vepamberi kugadzirisa nyaya uye kuwana rubatsiro.
C. Mhando dzeUbuntu Inoburitswa
Ubuntu inozivikanwa neyakajairwa kuburitsa hurongwa, ichipa maviri makuru marudzi ekuburitswa:
Kutsigira Kwenguva Yakareba (LTS)
LTS kuburitswa kunotsigirwa kwemakore mashanu, iine zvese zvekuchengetedza zvigadziriso uye bug kugadzirisa. Izvi zvinoburitswa zvakanakira vashandisi vanoda nzvimbo yakagadzikana uye yakachengeteka, senge mabhizinesi nemabhizinesi. Iyo ichangoburwa LTS kuburitswa ndeye Ubuntu 22.04 LTS ("Jammy Jellyfish").
Interim Releases
Izvi zvinoburitswa zvinogadzirwa mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega uye zvinopa mukana weazvino software maficha. Nekudaro, ivo vanotsigirwa kwemwedzi ye9 chete, zvichiita kuti vanyatsokodzera vashandisi vanoda zvishandiso zvazvino uye zvigadziriso asi vanoda kukwidziridza kakawanda.
| Release Type | Nguva Yekutsigira | Target Vateereri |
|---|---|---|
| LTS (Kutsigira Kwenguva Yakareba) | 5 years | Enterprises, Servers, Developers |
| Interim Releases | 9 mwedzi | Casual Users, Early Adopters |
Misiyano Yakakosha Pakati peDebian uye Ubuntu
| Release Type | Debian | Ubuntu |
|---|---|---|
| Release Cycle | Unpredictable | Nguva dzose (Yese 6 mwedzi yenguva, Makore maviri ega eLTS) |
| LTS Tsigiro | Kwete (Yakadzikama chete) | 5 makore eLTS |
| Update Frequency | Anononoka, anochengetedza | Yenguva dzose inogadziridza uye zvigamba |
| Target Vateereri | Vashandisi vepamusoro, Maseva | Vanotanga, Desktop uye Enterprise nharaunda |
B. Package Management
Zvose Debian uye Ubuntu use APT (Advanced Package Tool) yekutonga software, asi pane mimwe misiyano pamabatiro avanoita mapakeji.
1. Debian's Package Management
Debian inoshandisa iyo .deb Package format, iyo inoshandiswawo neUbuntu. Nekudaro, maitiro aDebian ekutarisira manejimendi akawedzera Conservative. Mapakeji muDebian's Yakagadzikana bazi rinoedzwa zvakasimba kuti rive rakavimbika uye rakachengeteka, asi izvi zvinoita kuti mapakeji ave akati kurei zvichienzaniswa neaya ari mukati. Ubuntu.
Debian inoshandisa APT yekuisa nekuvandudza mapakeji, ane hombe repository yepamusoro 50,000 mapakeji. Iyo package management system yakagadzikana uye yakanyorwa zvakanaka, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera vashandisi vepamusoro vanosarudza zvakanaka-grained control pane yavo software nharaunda.
2. Ubuntu's Package Management
Ubuntu inoshandisa zvakare APT yekutonga kwepakeji asi inotarisa zvakanyanya pakugadzira kuisirwa uye zvigadziriso semushandisi-ane hushamwari sezvinobvira. Uyezve, Ubuntu yakaunza Snap mapakeji uye Flatpak tsigiro, iyo inopa yazvino uye iri nyore nzira yekuisa maapplication pane dzakasiyana Linux kugovera. Snap mapakeji, kunyanya, ndeye sandboxed application inogona kuiswa pairi chero Linux system, zvisinei nekugovera kuri pasi.
Ubuntu's Software Center inopa graphical interface yekugadzirisa mapakeji, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kune vanotanga uye vashandisi venguva dzose kuisa uye kubvisa software pasina kuda kushandisa mutsara wekuraira. The Snap Store inopawo mukana kune dzakasiyana siyana dze zvemazuva ano zvikumbiro, kusanganisira proprietary software, iyo inogona kunge isingawanikwe mune yakajairwa Debian repositories.
C. Zvakaitika Mushandisi uye Nzvimbo dzeDesktop
Zvose Debian uye Ubuntu inopa ane simba desktop nharaunda, asi ivo vanoitira akasiyana marudzi evashandisi.
1. Debian's Desktop Nzvimbo
Debian inopa vashandisi vane a sarudzo yenzvimbo dzedesktop panguva yekuisa. Zvimwe zvezvisarudzo zviripo zvinosanganisira GNOME, KUPI, XFCE,uye LXDE. Debian's default desktop nharaunda ndeye GNOME, asi vashandisi vanogona kushandura nyore kune dzimwe nzvimbo zvichienderana nezvavanofarira.
Debian's desktop nharaunda inogoneka zvakanyanya, asi ingangoda zvimwe manual configuration zvichienzaniswa neUbuntu. Izvi zvakanakira vashandisi vepamusoro vanoda kutonga kwakazara pamusoro pegadziriro yavo asi inogona kukurira kune vanotanga.
2. Ubuntu Desktop Environment
Ubuntu inoshandisa GNOME seyayo default desktop nharaunda, yakafanana neDebian, asi ine akati wandei magadzirirwo kuti iwedzere mushandisi-ushamwariUbuntu's Kubatana interface ndiyo yaive default kusvika 2017, payakadzokera kuGNOME, asi ne Ubuntu-chaiwo magadzirirwo kufanana a Dock kuruboshwe rwechidzitiro.
Ubuntu's mushandisi interface yakakwenenzverwa, intuitive, uye yakagadzirirwa kuenderana nezvose vanotanga uye vashandisi vane ruzivo. The Ubuntu Software Center inopa nyore kuwana kune akasiyana siyana maapplication, nepo default desktop chiitiko ichigadziridzwa kuderedza kuoma.
D. Kutsigira uye Nharaunda
1. Debian's Community
Nharaunda yeDebian inoumbwa nevane ruzivo vagadziri, sysadmins,uye vanofarira. Haina hurongwa hwekutsigira kutengeserana, asi ine hombe nzanga yepasi rose iyo inobatsira kumaforamu, zvinyorwa zvekutumira, uye zvinyorwa. Kune vashandisi vanoda rutsigiro, kune zvakawanda zvezviwanikwa zviripo kuburikidza Debian Wiki, maforamu, uye nharaunda dzepamhepo senge Reddit.
2. Nharaunda yeUbuntu
Ubuntu, kuve chigadzirwa che Canonical Ltd., ane zvimwe sarudzo dzekutsigira dzakasimba, kunyanya kune bhizinesi-chikamu vatengi. Pamusoro perutsigiro rwenharaunda kuburikidza nemaforamu uye IRC chiteshi, Ubuntu inopa rubatsiro rwakabhadharwa kuburikidza neCanonical's Ubuntu Advantage program. Iyi sevhisi inopa rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi, kusanganisira kuchengetedza updates, kuchengetedza,uye consulting.
Ubuntu ine nharaunda yakakura yevashandisi nevanopa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuwana rubatsiro uye zviwanikwa zvekugadzirisa matambudziko akajairika.
E. Performance uye System Resources
1. Kuita kweDebian
Debian inozivikanwa nekureruka uye inogoneka zvakanyanya. Sezvo ichipa yakawedzera kushomeka base yekumisikidza, vashandisi vanogona kugadzira yakanyanya optimized system inokodzera zvavanoda chaizvo. Kuita kwaDebian kunowanzoita kunge kuri nani pane yekare Hardware kana masisitimu ane mashoma zviwanikwa, sezvo zvisingasanganisire zvisina basa software nekukasira.
2. Kuita kweUbuntu
Ubuntu inorema zvishoma kana ichienzaniswa neDebian, zvakanyanya nekuda kweiyo mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika interface uye pre-yakaiswa maapplication. Nekudaro, kuita kweUbuntu kwakanakira Hardware yemazuva ano, uye yakanyatsogadzirirwa desktop uye server nharaunda. Kune vashandisi vanoda yakagadziridzwa sisitimu kunze kwebhokisi, Ubuntu isarudzo huru.
Nderipi Riri Nane Kwauri?
| Factor | Debian | Ubuntu |
|---|---|---|
| Zvakanakisa zve | Vashandisi vepamberi, zvigadziriso zvishoma, maseva | Vanotanga, gore, uye nyore kutumira |
| Kugadzikana | Yakanakisa, kunyanya kune maseva | Zvakanaka, nekuvandudzwa nguva dzose |
| Installation | Zvakawanda zvakaoma, asi customizable | Nyore, mushandisi-ane hushamwari |
| Package Management | Advanced, flexible | Zviri nyore kushandisa neGUI |
| Cloud Support | Yakakura kune zvakajairwa nharaunda | Yakanakira cloud-based setups |
Pakupedzisira, Debian yakanakira vashandisi vanoda kutonga uye kugadzikana, nepo Ubuntu inokodzera zvirinani kune avo vanosarudza iri nyore kushandisa, yemazuva ano sisitimu ine rutsigiro rwakanyanya uye kubatanidzwa kwegore.
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