I-Debian vs Ubuntu: Yeyiphi iSabelo seLinux esiLungileyo?

Isiqulatho

• 1. Intshayelelo
• 2. Yintoni iDebian?
• 3. Yintoni uBuntu?
• 4. Iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kweDebian kunye noBuntu
• 5. Yeyiphi Engcono Kuwe?

Intshayelelo

Xa kuziwa kunikezelo lweLinux, iDebian kunye ne-Ubuntu zimbini zezona zikhetho zidumileyo nezixoxwa ngokubanzi. Ngamnye unamandla kunye nokubhenela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabasebenzisi. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga umahluko ophambili phakathi kweDebian vs Ubuntu, sikuncede wenze isigqibo esinolwazi malunga nokuba yeyiphi eyona ilungele iimfuno zakho.

A. Isishwankathelo seDebian kunye noBuntu

I-Debian yenye yezona zinto zindala kunye nezizinzileyo zeLinux. Iyaziwa ngokuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko, iDebian isetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi abanamava, abaphuhlisi kunye neeseva kwihlabathi jikelele. Isebenza njengesiseko solunye unikezelo lweLinux, kunye no-Ubuntu yenye yezona zinto zaziwayo ziphuma. I-Debian igxile kuzinzo kwiimpawu zokusika, okwenza kube lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kubasebenzisi abafuna inkqubo eqinileyo, yexesha elide.

Kwelinye icala, Ubuntu lusasazo olusebenziseka lula ngakumbi olwakhiwe ngaphezulu kweDebian. Yenzelwe ukubonelela ngamava alula kwaye angenamthungo kubaqalayo kunye nabasebenzisi ngokubanzi. Ngohlaziyo oluqhelekileyo, uluhlu olubanzi lweepakethe zesoftware, kunye nenkxaso eyomeleleyo yoluntu, Ubuntu bufumene ukuthandwa okukhulu kwiidesktops zobuqu, iiseva, kunye nezicelo ezisekwe kwilifu.

Yintoni iDebian?

I-Debian yenye yezona zinto zihlonitshwayo nezithembekileyo zeLinux zosasazo ezikhoyo namhlanje. Iyaziwa ngozinzo lwayo, ukhuseleko, kunye neenketho ezibanzi zokwenziwa ngokwezifiso, iyenza ibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kubo bobabini abaphuhlisi kunye nabalawuli beseva. Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga ukuba yintoni eyenza iDebian ibe yodwa kwaye kutheni isetyenziswa kakhulu.

A. Imbali kunye nemvelaphi

Yaziswa ngo-1993 ngu-Ian Murdock, i-Debian yayiyilwe ukuba ibe yinkqubo evulelekileyo yokusebenza enokuthi idibanise ezona zisasazo zeLinux. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, iye yaba yenye yezona ndawo zidumileyo nezizinzileyo zokusasazwa kwi-ecosystem ye-Linux. Umgaqo-nkqubo ongqongqo kaDebian wesoftware yasimahla uye wayenza intandokazi kwabo babeka phambili inkululeko kunye nolawulo kwinkqubo yabo yokusebenza.

Amanqaku abalulekileyo kwimbali kaDebian:

1993: Ukukhutshwa kokuqala kweDebian

2000: I-Debian yamkela "ikhontrakthi yentlalontle" eqinisekisa isoftware yasimahla

I-2005: Inkqubo yokukhululwa ezinzileyo ye-Debian isekiwe

I-2015: I-Debian ikhupha uhlaziyo olukhulu rhoqo, ilandela umjikelo osisigxina wokukhululwa

B. Iimpawu eziphambili zeDebian

I-Debian igqamile ngenxa yokugxila kuzinzo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuguquguquka. Ezinye zeempawu zayo eziphambili ziquka:

Uzinzo Lwexesha elide: I-Debian yaziwa ngemijikelo yayo emide yokukhupha kunye nokukhutshwa okuzinzileyo. Ifanelekile kwiiseva, apho ixesha kunye nokuthembeka kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ulawulo Lwephakheji: I-Debian isebenzisa inkqubo ye-APT (Advanced Package Tool), eyenza ukufakwa kwesoftware kunye nohlaziyo lube lula. Inkqubo ye-APT ixhasa iipakethe ze-deb, iqinisekisa ulawulo olugudileyo nolukhuselekileyo.

Ugcino lweSoftware eBanzi: Ngokufikelela kwiipakethe zesoftware engaphezulu kwe-50,000, abasebenzisi beDebian banoluhlu olungenasiphelo lwezicelo ezandleni zabo. Oku kuluncedo kubaphuhlisi abafuna isoftware ekhethekileyo yophuhliso, uvavanyo, okanye ulawulo lweseva.

Ukhuseleko: I-Debian ineqela elizinikeleyo lokhuseleko eliqinisekisa ukuba nabuphi na ubuthathaka bubotshelelwe ngokukhawuleza. Oku kwenza iDebian ibe yenye yezona ndawo zikhuselekileyo zeLinux zosasazo ezikhoyo.

Customizability: I-Debian inikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu, ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bakhe inkqubo yabo ukusuka phezulu. Ilungele abasebenzisi abaphambili abafuna ukwenza ngokwemeko yendawo yabo kwaye balungelelanise inkqubo yokusebenza ngokwezidingo zabo.

C. Iindidi zokukhutshwa kweDebian

I-Debian inikezela ngeentlobo ezintathu eziphambili zokukhutshwa, nganye ibonelela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Iitshaneli ezintathu zokukhupha zezi:

Izinzile

Ukukhutshwa okuZinzileyo yeyona nto idumileyo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ivavanyiwe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ithathelwe ingqalelo eyona nguqulelo ithembekileyo yeDebian, iyenza ilungele indawo zemveliso, iiseva, kunye nezinye iinkqubo apho uzinzo lubaluleke kakhulu. Ukukhutshwa okuzinzileyo kufumana uhlaziyo lokhuseleko kunye nokulungiswa kwebug kodwa akukho zimpawu zintsha ngaphandle kokuba zinento yokwenza nokhuseleko.

Uvavanyo

Ukukhutshwa koVavanyo lukhupho oluqengqelekayo olubandakanya iinguqulelo ezintsha zesoftware xa kuthelekiswa nokukhutshwa okuZinzile. Ilungele abasebenzisi abafuna ibhalansi phakathi kozinzo kunye nokukwazi ukuzama iipakethe ezintsha. Ngelixa ingazinzanga njengokukhutshwa okuZinzile, isathathwa njengethembekile kuninzi lwamatyala osetyenziso.

Ayizinzanga

Ukukhutshwa okungazinzanga, okuhlala kubizwa ngokuba yiSid, kulapho iipakethe ezintsha ziqaliswa khona. Kunconywa kubaphuhlisi kunye nabanomdla abakhululekile ngokuhlaziywa rhoqo kunye nokungazinzi okunokwenzeka. I-Sid ihlaziywa ngokuqhubekayo ngesoftware yamva nje kwaye ayilunganga kwiinkqubo zemveliso okanye abasebenzisi abangenamava.

D. Debian Ukusetyenziswa Amatyala

I-Debian iguquguquka kakhulu kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zezona meko ziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa ziquka:

Ubume Beseva: Ngenxa yozinzo kunye nokhuseleko, iDebian lukhetho oluphezulu lokuqhuba iiseva zewebhu, iiseva zedathabheyisi, iiseva zefayile, kunye nokunye.

Iindawo zokuSebenza zoPhuhliso: Abaphuhlisi bayakuxabisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokukwazi ukufaka uluhlu lweelwimi zeprogram kunye nezixhobo ngokulula.

Iinkqubo zeLinux eziqhelekileyo: Ubume obukhaphukhaphu beDebian buvumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze iinkqubo ezincinci ezilungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile, nokuba zezezixhobo ze-IoT okanye iinkqubo ezizinzisiweyo.

Ukusasazwa kwamafu: Ngokusebenza kwayo okuqinileyo kunye nentloko ephantsi, iDebian ikwalukhetho oludumileyo kwiinkqubo ezisekwe ngamafu kunye noomatshini ababonakalayo.

Yintoni Ubuntu?

Ubuntu sesinye sezona zisasazo zeLinux ezisebenzisekayo ezikhoyo namhlanje. Iphuhliswe kwaye igcinwe yiCanonical Ltd., iye yaba lukhetho oludumileyo kuzo zombini iidesktop kunye neendawo zeseva. Eyaziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokulula, ukuthembeka, kunye noluntu olusebenzayo, Ubuntu buthathwa ngokubanzi njengokusasazwa okwenza iLinux ifikeleleke kubaqalayo ngelixa isanikezela ngeempawu eziphambili kubasebenzisi abanamava.

A. Imbali kunye nemvelaphi

Ubuntu yakhululwa okokuqala ngo-2004 kwaye yakhawuleza yafumana ukuthandwa ngenxa yokulula kwayo kunye nendlela esebenziseka lula. Yakhelwe phezu kweDebian, ifumana ilifa uzinzo ngelixa isenza inani lolungiselelo lokusebenzisa ngokulula. ICanonical, inkampani engasemva kwe-Ubuntu, igxile ekwenzeni ukuba Ubuntu bufikeleleke kubaphulaphuli ababanzi, ukusuka kubasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo bedesktop ukuya kwiiseva ezikumgangatho weshishini kunye neemeko zamafu.

Amanqaku abalulekileyo kwiMbali ka-Ubuntu:

2004: Ukukhutshwa kokuqala koBuntu 4.10 ("Warty Warthog")

Ngo-2006: Ukuqaliswa kokukhutshwa kweNkxaso yexesha elide (LTS).

2010: Ubuntu Unity Desktop yaziswa

Ngo-2017: Ubuntu butshintsha ukusuka kuManyano ukuya kwi-GNOME desktop

Ngo-2020: Ubuntu buqala ukugxila kwiipakethe ze-Snap kunye nesikhongozeli sokusetyenziswa kwelifu kunye ne-IoT

B. Iimpawu eziphambili zoBuntu

Ubuntu buyilelwe ukuba kube lula ukubufaka, ukusebenzisa, kunye nokugcina, ngokugxila kumava omsebenzisi. Iimpawu zayo ziquka:

Imeko-bume yeDesktop ye-GNOME: Indawo yedesktop ye-Ubuntu ye-desktop yi-GNOME, ibonelela ngojongano lomsebenzisi ococekileyo nowangoku. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kubasebenzisi abakhetha ukulula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwindlela yabo yokusebenza.

Iziko leSoftware kunye neMipakethe ye-Snap: I-Ubuntu Software Centre ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bakhangele ngokulula kwaye bafake amawaka ezicelo. Ngokungeniswa kweepakethe ze-Snap, abasebenzisi be-Ubuntu banokufikelela kwisoftware esebenza kuzo zonke ii-Linux zosasazo kunye nokusebenza okufanayo kunye nohlaziyo.

Uhlaziyo Rhoqo: Ngokungafaniyo neDebian, elandela umjikelo ocothayo wokukhululwa, Ubuntu bubonelela ngohlaziyo oluqhelekileyo, lubonelela ngezinto ezintsha kunye nophuculo. I-LTS (iNkxaso yexesha elide) ikhupha i-5 iminyaka yohlaziyo lokhuseleko kunye nokulungiswa kwe-bug, ngelixa ukukhutshwa rhoqo kuxhaswa kwiinyanga ze-9.

Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza: Ubuntu buxhamla kwiipetshi zokhuseleko eziqhelekileyo kunye neqela lokhuseleko elisebenzayo. Ukongeza, yenzelwe ukusebenza, ibonelela ngesisombululo esingaphandle kwebhokisi kubasebenzisi abaninzi ngaphandle kokufuna uqwalaselo olunzima.

Amaxwebhu aBanzi kunye neNkxaso yoLuntu: Ubuntu buxhaswa lolona luntu lukhulu lweLinux, lubonelela ngezixhobo ezibanzi ezinje ngeeforam, izifundo zokufundisa, kunye namaxwebhu asemthethweni. Oku kwenza kube lula kubo bobabini abaqalayo kunye nabasebenzisi abaphambili ukusombulula imiba kunye nokufumana uncedo.

C. Iindidi zokukhutshwa kwe-Ubuntu

Ubuntu yaziwa ngeshedyuli yayo yokukhupha rhoqo, ibonelela ngeentlobo ezimbini eziphambili zokukhutshwa:

Inkxaso yexesha elide (LTS)

Ukukhutshwa kwe-LTS kuxhaswa iminyaka emi-5, kunye nohlaziyo lokhuseleko kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo. Olu kukhutshwa lufanelekile kubasebenzisi abafuna indawo ezinzileyo nekhuselekileyo, njengamashishini kunye namashishini. Ukukhutshwa kwe-LTS yamva nje ngu-Ubuntu 22.04 LTS ("Jammy Jellyfish").

Ukukhutshwa kweThutyana

Ezi zikhupho zenziwa rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintandathu kwaye zibonelela ngokufikelela kwiifitsha zesoftware zamva nje. Nangona kunjalo, zixhaswa kuphela iinyanga ze-9, zibenza bafaneleke kakhulu kubasebenzisi abafuna izixhobo zamva nje kunye nohlaziyo kodwa bazimisele ukuphucula rhoqo.

Iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kweDebian kunye ne-Ubuntu

B. Ulawulo lwePhakeji

Zombini I-Debian kwaye Ubuntu sebenzisa I-APT (iSixhobo sePakethi esiPhezulu) yokulawula isoftware, kodwa kukho umahluko kwindlela abaphatha ngayo iipakethe.

1. Ulawulo lwePhakeji yeDebian

I-Debian isebenzisa i .deb ifomathi yephakheji, ekwasetyenziswa ngu-Ubuntu. Nangona kunjalo, indlela kaDebian yokulawula iphakheji ingaphezulu gcinayo. Iipakethi kwiDebian's Izinzile Isebe livavanywa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba lithembekile kwaye likhuselekile, kodwa oku kukhokelela ekubeni iipakethe zibendala noko xa zithelekiswa nezo zikhoyo. Ubuntu.

Ukusetyenziswa kweDebian APT ukufakela kunye nokuhlaziya iipakethe, kunye novimba omkhulu we-over Iiphakheji ezingama-50,000. Inkqubo yolawulo lwephakheji izinzile kwaye ibhalwe kakuhle, iyenza ilungele abasebenzisi abaphambili abakhetha ulawulo olucokisekileyo kwindawo yabo yesoftware.

2. Ulawulo lwePakeji ka-Ubuntu

Ubuntu bukwasebenzisa APT kulawulo lwephakheji kodwa ijolise ngakumbi ekwenzeni ufakelo kunye nohlaziyo njengolusebenziseka lula kangangoko. Ukongeza, Ubuntu uye wazisa Iipakethe ze-Snap kwaye I-Flatpak inkxaso, ebonelela ngendlela yangoku kunye nelula yokufakela usetyenziso kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zosasazo lweLinux. Qhuba iipakethe, ngokukodwa, zizicelo ezifakwe kwibhokisi yesanti enokufakwa kuyo nayiphi na Inkqubo yeLinux, kungakhathaliseki usasazo olusisiseko.

Ubuntu Iziko leSoftware inikeza ujongano lomzobo wokulawula iipakethe, ikwenza kube lula kwabaqalayo kunye nabasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo ukufaka nokususa isoftware ngaphandle kokufuna ukusebenzisa umgca womyalelo. I Ivenkile yeSnap ikwabonelela ngofikelelo kuluhlu olubanzi lwe izicelo zangoku, kuquka isoftware yobunini, enokuthi ingafumaneki kwiindawo zokugcina zeDebian eziqhelekileyo.

C. Amava oMsebenzisi kunye neMimandla yeDesktop

Zombini I-Debian kwaye Ubuntu zibonelela ngeemekobume zedesktop ezinamandla, kodwa zijongana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zabasebenzisi.

1. Debian's Desktop Environment

I-Debian ibonelela abasebenzisi nge ukhetho lweemeko-bume zedesktop ngexesha lofakelo. Ezinye zeenketho ezikhoyo ziquka I-GNOME, PHI, XFCE, kwaye LXDE. Indawo yedesktop engagqibekanga yeDebian yile I-GNOME, kodwa abasebenzisi banokutshintshela ngokulula kwezinye iimeko ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto abazithandayo.

Imeko-bume yedesktop yeDebian inokwenzeka kakhulu, kodwa inokufuna ngaphezulu uqwalaselo lwesandla kuthelekiswa noBuntu. Oku kuyinzuzo ye abasebenzisi abaphambili abafuna ulawulo olupheleleyo kulungiselelo lwenkqubo yabo kodwa kunokuba nzima kubaqalayo.

2. Ubume beDesktop ye-Ubuntu

Ubuntu busebenzisa I-GNOME njengemeko-bume yedesktop engagqibekanga, efana neDebian, kodwa ngohlengahlengiso oluninzi ukuyenza ibe ngaphezulu isebenziseka kakuhleUbuntu Umanyano ujongano ibiyeyona imiselweyo de 2017, xa ibuyela kwi-GNOME, kodwa nge Ubuntu-ukwenza okukodwa njenge Idokhi kwicala lasekhohlo lesikrini.

Ubuntu Indawo yomsebenzisi ikhazimlisiwe, iyaqondakala, kwaye yenzelwe ukujongana nazo zombini abaqalayo kwaye abasebenzisi abanamava. I Ubuntu Software Centre inika ufikelelo olulula kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo, ngelixa amava edesktop emiselweyo ehlengahlengiswa ukunciphisa ubunzima.

D. Inkxaso kunye noLuntu

1. Uluntu lweDebian

Uluntu lwaseDebian lwenziwe ngamava abaphuhlisi, iisysadmins, kwaye abathanda. Ayinayo isiseko senkxaso yorhwebo, kodwa inomkhulu uluntu lwehlabathi elinegalelo kwiiforam, uluhlu lokuposa, kunye namaxwebhu. Kubasebenzisi abafuna inkxaso, zininzi izixhobo ezifumanekayo Debian Wiki, iiforam, kunye noluntu lwe-intanethi olufana Reddit.

2. Ubuntu's Community

Ubuntu, ukuba yimveliso ye ICanonical Ltd., inokuninzi iinketho zenkxaso ezisesikweni, ngakumbi kubathengi abakwinqanaba loshishino. Ukongeza kwinkxaso yoluntu ngokusebenzisa iiforamu kunye neziteshi ze-IRC, Ubuntu unikezela inkxaso ehlawulwayo ngeCanonical's Ubuntu Advantage inkqubo. Le nkonzo ibonelela ngoncedo lobungcali, kuquka uhlaziyo lokhuseleko, ukugcinwa, kwaye ukubonisana.

Ubuntu bunoluntu olubanzi lwabasebenzisi kunye nabanegalelo, okwenza kube lula ukufumana uncedo kunye nezixhobo zokusombulula imiba eqhelekileyo.

E. Ukusebenza kunye neZibonelelo zeNkqubo

1. Ukusebenza kweDebian

I-Debian yaziwa ngokuba yikhaphukhaphu kwaye yenziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu. Kuba ibonelela ngofakelo olusezantsi olusezantsi, abasebenzisi banokudala inkqubo ephuculwe kakhulu elungele iimfuno zabo ezithile. Ukusebenza kwe-Debian kuthanda ukuba ngcono kwi-hardware endala okanye iinkqubo ezinezixhobo ezilinganiselweyo, njengoko zingabandakanyi isofthiwe engafunekiyo ngokungagqibekanga.

2. Ukusebenza kuka-Ubuntu

Ubuntu bunzima kancinci xa kuthelekiswa neDebian, ikakhulu ngenxa yojongano olusebenzisekayo kunye nosetyenziso olufakwe ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kuka-Ubuntu kugqwesileyo kwi-hardware yanamhlanje, kwaye ilungiselelwe kakuhle kwidesktop kunye neemeko zeseva. Kubasebenzisi abafuna inkqubo ephuculweyo ngaphandle kwebhokisi, Ubuntu lukhetho olukhulu.

Yeyiphi Engcono Kuwe?

Ekugqibeleni, I-Debian ilungele abasebenzisi abafuna ulawulo kunye nokuzinza, ngelixa Ubuntu ifaneleka ngakumbi abo bakhetha inkqubo ekulula ukuyisebenzisa, yanamhlanje enenkxaso egqwesileyo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwamafu.

Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe kwi Advantech Embedded PC, khangela esi sikhokelo esineenkcukacha. Ukuba ukhangela i IPC yoShishino kunye neNvidia GPU, sinokhetho lwaloo nto nathi. Njengomntu onamava Umenzi weKhompyutha yezoShishino, sinikezela ngezisombululo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso.

Ukuba iimfuno zakho zibandakanya a Industrial Rack Mount Computer, sinikezela ngeemodeli ezahlukeneyo ezenzelwe ukukhawulelana neemfuno zeemeko zoshishino ezingqongqo. Sikwasebenza ngokukhethekileyo IiPC zeAdvantech Industrial, enikezela ngezisombululo eziphezulu zokusebenza kwimisebenzi enzima. Kwabo bafuna isixhobo esirhabaxa, esomeleleyo, wethu IThebhulethi yoShishino ye-Android iimodeli zibonelela ngokuthembeka kwiimeko ezinzima.

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