I-Debian vs Ubuntu: Yikuphi Ukusabalalisa Kwe-Linux Okulungile Kuwe?

Okuqukethwe

• 1. Isingeniso
• 2. Iyini i-Debian?
• 3. Buyini Ubuntu?
• 4. Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi kwe-Debian ne-Ubuntu
• 5. Iyiphi Engcono Kuwe?

Isingeniso

Uma kukhulunywa ngokusatshalaliswa kweLinux, i-Debian ne-Ubuntu yizinketho ezimbili ezithandwa kakhulu nezixoxwa kabanzi. Ngayinye inamandla ayo futhi iheha izinhlobo ezahlukene zabasebenzisi. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-Debian vs Ubuntu, sikusize wenze isinqumo esinolwazi mayelana nokuthi iyiphi efanelekela izidingo zakho.

A. Uhlolojikelele lwe-Debian ne-Ubuntu

I-Debian ingenye yokusabalalisa kweLinux endala futhi ezinzile. Yaziwa ngokuthembeka nokuphepha kwayo, i-Debian isetshenziswa abasebenzisi abanolwazi, abathuthukisi, namaseva emhlabeni jikelele. Isebenza njengesisekelo sokunye ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux okuningana, kanti Ubuntu bungenye yezinto eziphuma kuzo ezaziwa kakhulu. I-Debian igxile ekuzinzeni phezu kwezici ezisezingeni eliphezulu, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kubasebenzisi abafuna uhlelo oluqinile, lwesikhathi eside.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ubuntu wukusabalalisa okusebenziseka kalula okwakhiwe phezu kwe-Debian. Idizayinelwe ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi olulula nolungenazihibe kwabaqalayo nabasebenzisi abajwayelekile. Ngezibuyekezo ezijwayelekile, izinhlobonhlobo zamaphakeji e-software, nokusekelwa okuqinile komphakathi, Ubuntu buzuze ukuduma okukhulu kumadeskithophu omuntu siqu, amaseva, ngisho nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwe emafini.

Iyini i-Debian?

I-Debian ingenye yokusabalalisa kwe-Linux ehlonishwa kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa etholakalayo namuhla. Yaziwa ngokuzinza kwayo, ukuphepha, kanye nezinketho eziningi zokwenza ngokwezifiso, okuyenza ibe yinketho ekhethwayo kubo bobabili abathuthukisi nabaphathi beseva. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola ukuthi yini eyenza i-Debian ihluke nokuthi kungani isetshenziswa kakhulu.

A. Umlando kanye nesendlalelo

Yethulwa ngo-1993 ngu-Ian Murdock, i-Debian yakhelwe ukuba ibe uhlelo olusebenza ngomthombo ovulekile olungahlanganisa okuhle kakhulu kokusatshalaliswa kweLinux okukhona. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, isibe ngokunye kokusatshalaliswa okuthandwa kakhulu futhi okuzinzile ku-ecosystem ye-Linux. Inqubomgomo eqinile ye-Debian yesofthiwe yamahhala iyenze intandokazi kulabo ababeka inkululeko nokulawula phezu kwesistimu yabo yokusebenza.

Ama-Milestones Abalulekile Emlandweni Ka-Debian:

1993: Ukukhishwa kokuqala kwe-Debian

2000: I-Debian yamukela "inkontileka yomphakathi" eqinisekisa isofthiwe yamahhala

2005: Kusungulwe uhlelo lokukhishwa oluzinzile lwe-Debian

I-2015: I-Debian ikhipha izibuyekezo ezinkulu njalo, kulandela umjikelezo wokukhishwa okungaguquki

B. Izici Eziyinhloko ze-Debian

I-Debian igqamile ngenxa yokugxila kwayo ekuzinzeni, ezokuphepha, nasekuguquleni kalula. Ezinye zezici zayo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

Ukuzinza Kwesikhathi Eside: I-Debian yaziwa ngemijikelezo yayo emide yokukhishwa nokukhishwa okuzinzile. Ilungele amaseva, lapho isikhathi nokuthembeka kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuphathwa Kwephakheji: I-Debian isebenzisa isistimu ye-APT (Advanced Package Tool), eyenza ukufakwa kwesofthiwe nokubuyekeza kube lula. Uhlelo lwe-APT lusekela amaphakheji e-deb, luqinisekisa ukuphathwa kwephakheji okushelelayo nokuvikelekile.

Amakhosombe Esoftware Ebanzi: Ngokufinyelela kumaphakheji e-software angaphezu kuka-50,000, abasebenzisi be-Debian banobubanzi obunganqunyelwe bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezandleni zabo. Lokhu kunenzuzo konjiniyela abadinga isofthiwe ekhethekile yokuthuthukiswa, ukuhlola, noma ukuphathwa kweseva.

Ukuphepha: I-Debian inethimba lezokuphepha elizinikele eliqinisekisa ukuthi noma ibuphi ubungozi buyapeshwa ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenza i-Debian ibe enye yezindawo eziphephe kakhulu zokusabalalisa ze-Linux ezitholakalayo.

Ukwenza ngokwezifiso: I-Debian inikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe isistimu yabo kusukela phansi. Ilungele abasebenzisi abathuthukile abafuna ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo indawo yabo futhi balungise isistimu yokusebenza ngokwezidingo zabo.

C. Izinhlobo Zokukhishwa Kwe-Debian

I-Debian inikeza izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokukhishwa, ngayinye ihlinzeka ngamakesi okusetshenziswa ahlukene. Iziteshi ezintathu ezikhishiwe yilezi:

Izinzile

Ukukhishwa okuzinzile kuthandwa kakhulu futhi kusetshenziswe kabanzi. Ihlolwe ngokuphelele futhi ibhekwa njengenguqulo ethembeke kakhulu ye-Debian, okuyenza ilungele izindawo zokukhiqiza, amaseva, nezinye izinhlelo lapho ukuzinza kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukukhishwa okuzinzile kuthola izibuyekezo zokuphepha nokulungiswa kweziphazamisi kodwa azikho izici ezintsha ngaphandle uma zihlobene nokuvikeleka.

Ukuhlola

Ukukhishwa kokuhlola ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo okufaka izinguqulo ezintsha zesofthiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhishwa okuzinzile. Ilungele abasebenzisi abafuna ibhalansi phakathi kokuzinza kanye nekhono lokuzama amaphakheji amasha. Nakuba ingazinzile njengokukhishwa okuzinzile, isabhekwa njengokwethenjelwa ezimweni eziningi zokusetshenziswa.

Ayizinzile

Ukukhishwa Okungazinzile, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Sid, yilapho amaphakheji amasha ethulwa khona. Kunconywa konjiniyela nabashisekeli abanethezekile ngezibuyekezo ezivamile kanye nokungaqini kahle okungenzeka. I-Sid ivuselelwa ngokuqhubekayo ngesofthiwe yakamuva futhi ayilungele izinhlelo zokukhiqiza noma abasebenzisi abangenalwazi.

D. I-Debian Use Cases

I-Debian iguquguquka kakhulu futhi ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zezimo ezivame ukusetshenziswa zihlanganisa:

Izindawo Zeseva: Ngenxa yokuqina nokuphepha kwayo, i-Debian iyinketho ephezulu yokusebenzisa amaseva ewebhu, amaseva esizindalwazi, amaseva wamafayela, nokunye.

Izindawo Zokusebenza Zokuthuthukiswa: Onjiniyela bayakwazisa ukuguquguquka kanye nekhono lokufaka uhla lwezilimi zokuhlela namathuluzi kalula.

Amasistimu e-Linux ngokwezifiso: Imvelo ye-Debian engasindi ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe amasistimu amancane ahambisana nezidingo ezithile, noma ngabe awamadivayisi e-IoT noma amasistimu ashumekiwe.

Ukuthunyelwa kwamafu: Ngokusebenza kwayo okuqinile kanye ne-overhead ephansi, i-Debian futhi iyinketho ethandwayo yezinhlelo ezisekelwe ngamafu nemishini ebonakalayo.

Buyini Ubuntu?

Ubuntu bungenye yezinto ezisabalalisa iLinux ezisebenziseka kalula ezitholakala namuhla. Ithuthukiswe futhi inakekelwa yiCanonical Ltd., isiphenduke into ethandwayo kuzo zombili izindawo zedeskithophu neseva. Yaziwa ngokusebenziseka kalula, ukwethembeka, kanye nomphakathi osebenzayo, Ubuntu buthathwa kabanzi njengokusabalalisa okwenza i-Linux ifinyeleleke kwabaqalayo ngenkathi isahlinzeka ngezici ezithuthukile kubasebenzisi abanolwazi.

A. Umlando kanye nesendlalelo

Ubuntu buqale ukukhishwa ngo-2004 futhi ngokushesha bathola ukuduma ngenxa yobulula bayo nendlela esebenziseka kalula. Yakhelwe phezu kwe-Debian, izuza ukuqina kwayo ngenkathi yenza izinto eziningi zokwenza ukuze kube lula ukuyisebenzisa. ICanonical, inkampani elandela Ubuntu, igxile ekwenzeni Ubuntu bufinyeleleke kuzithameli ezibanzi, kusukela kubasebenzisi abavamile bedeskithophu kuya kumaseva asezingeni lebhizinisi kanye nezindawo zamafu.

Izigaba Ezibalulekile Emlandweni Ka-Ubuntu:

2004: Ukukhishwa kokuqala kwe-Ubuntu 4.10 ("Warty Warthog")

2006: Ukwethulwa Kokusekelwa Kwesikhathi Eside (LTS).

2010: Ubuntu Unity Desktop yethulwa

2017: Ubuntu busuka ku-Unity baye kwideskithophu ye-GNOME

Ngo-2020: Ubuntu buqala ukugxila kumaphakheji we-Snap kanye nokufakwa kweziqukathi zokusetshenziswa kwamafu ne-IoT

B. Izici Eziyinhloko Zobuntu

Ubuntu buklanywe ukuthi bube lula ukubufaka, ukubusebenzisa, kanye nokunakekela, ngokugxila elwazini lomsebenzisi. Izici zayo zihlanganisa:

Imvelo yedeskithophu ye-GNOME: Indawo yedeskithophu ezenzakalelayo ye-Ubuntu yi-GNOME, enikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esihlanzekile nesimanje. Lokhu kuzuzisa kakhulu kubasebenzisi abakhetha ukulula nokusebenza kahle ekuhambeni komsebenzi wabo.

Isikhungo Sesoftware kanye namaphakheji we-Snap: I-Ubuntu Software Center ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baphequlule kalula futhi bafake izinkulungwane zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngokwethulwa kwamaphakheji e-Snap, abasebenzisi be-Ubuntu bangafinyelela isofthiwe esebenza kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-Linux ngokusebenza okungaguquki nezibuyekezo.

Izibuyekezo Ezivamile: Ngokungafani ne-Debian, elandela umjikelezo wokukhishwa ohamba kancane, Ubuntu inikeza izibuyekezo ezivamile, ezihlinzeka ngezici zakamuva kanye nentuthuko. Ukukhishwa kwe-LTS (Ukusekelwa Kwesikhathi Eside) kuthola iminyaka emi-5 yezibuyekezo zokuphepha nokulungiswa kweziphazamisi, kuyilapho ukukhishwa okuvamile kusekelwa izinyanga eziyi-9.

Ukuphepha nokusebenza: Ubuntu buhlomula ngamapheshana okuvikela ajwayelekile kanye nethimba lezokuphepha elisebenzayo. Ukwengeza, ithuthukiselwe ukusebenza, ihlinzeka ngesixazululo esingaphandle kwebhokisi kubasebenzisi abaningi ngaphandle kokudinga ukulungiselelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukubhalwa Okubanzi Kwemibhalo Nokwesekwa Komphakathi: Ubuntu busekelwa omunye wemiphakathi emikhulu ye-Linux, enikeza izinsiza ezibanzi njengezinkundla, okokufundisa, nemibhalo esemthethweni. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kwabaqalayo nabasebenzisi abathuthukile ukuxazulula izinkinga futhi bathole usizo.

C. Izinhlobo Zokukhishwa Kwe-Ubuntu

Ubuntu baziwa ngohlelo lwayo olujwayelekile lokukhishwa, oluhlinzeka ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhishwa:

Usekelo Lwesikhathi Eside (LTS)

Ukukhishwa kwe-LTS kusekelwa iminyaka emi-5, ngakho kokubili izibuyekezo zokuphepha nokulungiswa kweziphazamisi. Lokhu kukhishwa kulungele abasebenzisi abadinga indawo ezinzile nevikelekile, njengamabhizinisi namabhizinisi. Ukukhishwa kwe-LTS kwakamuva kakhulu Ubuntu 22.04 LTS ("Jammy Jellyfish").

Ukukhishwa Kwesikhashana

Lokhu kukhishwa kwenziwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha futhi kunikeze ukufinyelela ezicini zakamuva zesofthiwe. Nokho, asekelwa izinyanga ezingu-9 kuphela, okuwenza afaneleke kangcono kubasebenzisi abafuna amathuluzi akamuva nezibuyekezo kodwa abazimisele ukuthuthukisa njalo.

Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi kwe-Debian ne-Ubuntu

B. Ukuphathwa Kwephakheji

Kokubili I-Debian futhi Ubuntu sebenzisa I-APT (Ithuluzi Lephakheji Elithuthukisiwe) yokuphatha isofthiwe, kodwa kukhona umehluko endleleni abaphatha ngayo amaphakheji.

1. Ukuphathwa Kwephakheji Ye-Debian

I-Debian isebenzisa i- .deb ifomethi yephakheji, ebuye isetshenziswe Ubuntu. Kodwa-ke, indlela kaDebian yokuphatha iphakheji ingaphezulu olandelanayo. Amaphakheji ku-Debian's Izinzile igatsha livivinywa ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lithembekile futhi livikelekile, kodwa lokhu kubangela ukuthi amaphakheji abe madala kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo aku- Ubuntu.

I-Debian isebenzisa I-APT ngokufaka nokubuyekeza amaphakheji, anekhosombe elikhulu le-over 50,000 amaphakheji. Uhlelo lokuphatha iphakheji luzinzile futhi lubhalwe kahle, okwenza lulungele abasebenzisi abathuthukile abakhetha ukulawula okunogwaja endaweni yesoftware yabo.

2. Ubuntu's Package Management

Ubuntu busebenzisa futhi I-APT ekuphathweni kwephakheji kodwa igxile kakhulu ekwenzeni ukufakwa nezibuyekezo zisebenziseke kalula ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukwengeza, Ubuntu bethule Snap amaphakheji futhi I-Flatpak ukwesekwa, okunikeza indlela yesimanjemanje nelula yokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux. Snap amaphakheji, ikakhulukazi, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinebhokisi lesandbox ezingafakwa kuzo noma yikuphi Isistimu ye-Linux, ngaphandle kokusatshalaliswa okuyisisekelo.

Ubuntu Isikhungo Sesoftware inikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo esinesithombe sokuphatha amaphakheji, okwenza kube lula kwabaqalayo nabasebenzisi abavamile ukufaka nokususa isofthiwe ngaphandle kokudinga ukusebenzisa umugqa womyalo. I Isitolo se-Snap futhi inikeza ukufinyelela anhlobonhlobo izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje, okuhlanganisa isofthiwe yobunikazi, okungenzeka ingatholakali kumakhosombe ajwayelekile e-Debian.

C. Umuzwa Womsebenzisi Nezindawo Zedeskithophu

Kokubili I-Debian futhi Ubuntu zinikeza izindawo ezinamandla zedeskithophu, kodwa zibhekelela izinhlobo ezahlukene zabasebenzisi.

1. Imvelo yedeskithophu ye-Debian

I-Debian inikeza abasebenzisi a ukukhetha kwezindawo zedeskithophu ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Ezinye zezinketho ezitholakalayo zihlanganisa I-GNOME, LAPHO, I-XFCE, futhi I-LXDE. Indawo yedeskithophu ezenzakalelayo ye-Debian iyi I-GNOME, kodwa abasebenzisi bangashintshela kalula kwezinye izindawo kuye ngokuthanda kwabo.

Indawo yedeskithophu ye-Debian yenziwa ngezifiso kakhulu, kodwa ingadinga okwengeziwe ukumisa mathupha uma kuqhathaniswa no-Ubuntu. Lokhu kuyinzuzo ye abasebenzisi abathuthukile abafuna ukulawula okuphelele kokusethwa kwesistimu yabo kodwa kungaba nzima kwabaqalayo.

2. Ubuntu Desktop Environment

Ubuntu busebenzisa I-GNOME njengemvelo yayo yedeskithophu ezenzakalelayo, efana ne-Debian, kodwa enezinguquko ezimbalwa ukuze iyenze ibe ngaphezulu kuyasebenzisekaUbuntu Ubunye isikhombimsebenzisi bekuyikhona okuzenzakalelayo kuze kube 2017, lapho ibuyela emuva ku-GNOME, kodwa nge Ukwenza ngokwezifiso okuqondene no-Ubuntu njengokuthi a Idokhu ohlangothini lwesobunxele kwesikrini.

Ubuntu interface yomsebenzisi iphucuziwe, inembile, futhi yakhelwe ukubhekelela kokubili abaqalayo futhi abasebenzisi abanolwazi. I Ubuntu Software Center inikeza ukufinyelela okulula kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, kuyilapho ukuzizwisa okuzenzakalelayo kwedeskithophu kwenziwa lula ukuze kuncishiswe ubunkimbinkimbi.

D. Ukusekela kanye Nomphakathi

1. Umphakathi wakwaDebian

Umphakathi wakwaDebian wakhiwe ngabanolwazi abathuthukisi, ama-sysadmins, futhi abathanda. Ayinaso isakhiwo esisemthethweni sokusekela ezentengiselwano, kodwa inenkulu umphakathi womhlaba enikela ezinkundleni, uhlu lwamakheli, kanye nemibhalo. Kubasebenzisi abadinga ukwesekwa, kunezinsiza eziningi ezitholakalayo I-Debian Wiki, izinkundla, kanye nemiphakathi eku-inthanethi efana I-Reddit.

2. Ubuntu's Community

Ubuntu, ngokuba umkhiqizo we ICanonical Ltd., unokuningi ongakhetha kukho okusemthethweni, ikakhulukazi kumakhasimende asezingeni lebhizinisi. Ngaphezu kokusekelwa komphakathi ngezinkundla neziteshi ze-IRC, Ubuntu unikeza ukwesekwa okukhokhelwayo ngokusebenzisa iCanonical's Ubuntu Advantage uhlelo. Le sevisi inikeza usizo lochwepheshe, kuhlanganise izibuyekezo zokuphepha, ukugcinwa, futhi ukubonisana.

Ubuntu bunomphakathi omkhulu wabasebenzisi nabanikelayo, okwenza kube lula ukuthola usizo nezisetshenziswa zokuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile.

E. Ukusebenza Nezinsiza Zesistimu

1. Ukusebenza kweDebian

I-Debian yaziwa ngokuba yi-lightweight kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso kakhulu. Njengoba inikeza ukufakwa kwesisekelo esincane, abasebenzisi bangakha isistimu elungiselelwe kakhulu evumelana nezidingo zabo ezithile. Ukusebenza kwe-Debian kuvame ukuba ngcono kuma-hardware amadala noma amasistimu anezinsiza ezilinganiselwe, njengoba akubandakanyi isofthiwe engadingekile ngokuzenzakalelayo.

2. Ubuntu's Performance

Ubuntu bunzima kancane uma buqhathaniswa ne-Debian, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusebenzelana kwayo okusebenziseka kalula kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe kuqala. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwe-Ubuntu kuhle kakhulu ku-hardware yesimanje, futhi ilungiselelwe kahle endaweni yedeskithophu neseva. Kubasebenzisi abafuna uhlelo olwenziwe kahle ngaphandle kwebhokisi, Ubuntu uyisinqumo esihle.

Iyiphi Engcono Kuwe?

Ekupheleni, I-Debian ilungele abasebenzisi abafuna ukulawula nokuzinza, kuyilapho Ubuntu ifaneleka kangcono kulabo abakhetha isistimu esebenziseka kalula, yesimanje enokwesekwa okuhle kakhulu nokuhlanganiswa kwamafu.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe I-Advantech Embedded PC, hlola lo mhlahlandlela onemininingwane. Uma ufuna i I-PC yezimboni ene-Nvidia GPU, sinezinketho zalokho futhi. Njengomuntu onolwazi Umkhiqizi Wekhompyutha Yezimboni, sinikeza izixazululo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezingenziwa ngezifiso.

Uma izidingo zakho zibandakanya a I-Industrial Rack Mount Computer, sinikeza amamodeli ahlukahlukene aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezindawo eziqinile zezimboni. Siphinde sigxile ku Ama-PC we-Advantech Industrial, enikeza izixazululo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi. Kulabo abafuna idivayisi eqinile, eqinile, yethu I-Industrial Tablet Android amamodeli ahlinzeka ngokwethembeka ezimweni eziyinselele.

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