Linux Mint vs Ubuntu: Ndeipi OS Yakakodzera Iwe?

Zviri Mukati

• 1. Nhanganyaya
• 2. Nhoroondo uye Background
• 3. Nzvimbo dzeDesktop
• 4. Kuita uye Kushandiswa kweSystem Resource
• 5. Software uye Package Management
• 6. Customization uye User Interface
• 7. Kuwanikwa kweSoftware uye Kuenderana
• 8. Chengetedzo uye Tsigiro
• 9. Target Vateereri uye Shandisa Nyaya

I. Nhanganyaya

II. Nhoroondo uye Background

Ose ari maviri Linux Mint neUbuntu anogovana hwaro hwakafanana, huri kuvakwa paDebian, asi nhoroondo dzavo dzinoratidza nzira dzakasiyana uye dzinokoshesa.

Ubuntu, yakagadziridzwa neCanonical, yakatanga kuburitswa muna 2004 nechinangwa chekuti Linux iwanike. Canonical yakatarisana nekugadzira mushandisi-ane hushamwari kugovera neanogara achigadziridza, rutsigiro rwakasimba, uye inowirirana GNOME-yakavakirwa desktop nharaunda. Ubuntu yauya kuzomiririra kugamuchirwa kwakapararira kweLinux mune ese macomputer evatengi uye bhizinesi nharaunda. Kutenderera kweUbuntu kunopa edisheni mbiri: yakajairwa kuburitswa kwemwedzi mitanhatu uye shanduro dzeLTS (Nguva Yakareba-Rutsigiro), iyo inopa makore mashanu ekuchengetedza kuchengetedza, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yekuenda kumabhizinesi nevagadziri.

Linux Mint yakavambwa muna 2006 kugadzirisa zvimwe zvezvinhu izvo vashandisi vekutanga Ubuntu vaive nazvo. Yakatsvaga kurerutsa ruzivo rwemushandisi nekubatanidza yakawanda Windows-senge interface muCinnamon, MATE, uye Xfce desktop nharaunda. Linux Mint yakabva yave yakakurumbira nekuda kwekureruka kwayo kwekushandisa, kushoma zviwanikwa zvekushandisa, uye kunze-kwe-the-bhokisi kugona, izvo zvaisanganisira pre-yakaiswa midhiya macodecs. Nepo Mint yakavakirwa paUbuntu's LTS shanduro, inozvisiyanisa nekubvisa Canonical's Snap mapakeji uye nekupa mamwe maitiro neFlatpak rutsigiro.

Zvose zvinogoverwa zvinopa nharaunda yakachengeteka uye yakachengeteka, asi kusimbiswa kweLinux Mint pakugadzirisa mushandisi uye nyore kushandisa kunoita kuti inakidze kune vatsva, ukuwo Ubuntu scalability uye tsigiro inokwezva kuwanda kwevashandisi.

III. Desktop Environments

Imwe yemisiyano yakakosha pakati peLinux Mint neUbuntu inzvimbo yedesktop yega yega yekugovera. Aya nharaunda anoumba mushandisi interface, kufamba, uye ruzivo rwese, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha pakusarudza pakati pezviviri.

Cinnamon, iyo yekutanga desktop nharaunda muLinux Mint, ndeimwe yeakawanda aripo. Cinnamon ine yakasarudzika desktop dhizaini inoteedzera iyo Windows interface, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti vashandisi vatame kubva kuWindows. Iyo inozivikanwa nekuve yakanyanya kuchinjika, kureruka, uye ine nyore menyu-based navigation. Linux Mint inotsigirawo MATE neXfce, idzo dzakareruka kupfuura Cinnamon uye dzakakodzera makomputa ekare kana akaderera.

Ubuntu, kune rumwe rutivi, zvikepe zvine GNOME desktop nharaunda seyakasarudzika interface. GNOME inzvimbo yemazuva ano, inoyevedza ine chitarisiko che minimalist uye kusimbisa kushanda zvakanaka. Iyo ine maficha senge doko kudivi rekuruboshwe uye yekutarisa chiitiko chekukurumidza kuwana kuvhura windows uye maapplication. Ubuntu inewo mavhezheni ane mamwe madhijitari nharaunda, seKubuntu (ine KDE Plasma), Lubuntu (ine LXQt), uye Xubuntu (ine Xfce).

Sarudzo pakati peLinux Mint neUbuntu inowanzoenderana nekuti ndeipi desktop nharaunda inosangana nekufamba kwako uye zvinodiwa zvehardware.

IV. Performance uye System Resource Kushandisa

Kana uchienzanisa Linux Mint vs Ubuntu, mashandiro uye sisitimu yekushandisa zvigadziriso zvakakosha, kunyanya kune vashandisi vane yekare kana isina simba hardware.

Linux Mint inonyanya kuzivikanwa nekureruka, kunyanya kana uchishandisa Cinnamon, MATE, kana Xfce desktop nharaunda. Aya nharaunda dzedesktop ane zviwanikwa-zvinoshanda, zvichiita kuti Linux Mint ive sarudzo yakanaka kune ekare zvishandiso kana masisitimu ane mashoma CPU uye RAM. Semuenzaniso, Linux Mint ine Xfce inogona kushanda zvakanaka nediki se2GB ye RAM, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka kune vanhu vari kutsvaga kugadzirisa tekinoroji yechinyakare. Kunyangwe Cinnamon, inorema pane matatu, inonyanya kushanda-inoshanda kupfuura GNOME.

Ubuntu, ichiri yakakwira-inoshanda sisitimu yekushandisa, inoda zvakanyanya zvakanyanya sisitimu zviwanikwa. Yayo yakasarudzika GNOME desktop nharaunda inozivikanwa kune yayo yemazuva ano, yakakwenenzverwa interface, kunyangwe ichidya yakawanda CPU uye RAM. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Ubuntu inogona kutaridzika ichimhanya zvishoma pane yekare Hardware pane Linux Mint. Nekudaro, inokunda pane yazvino masisitimu ane yakakwirira yekugadzirisa simba, ichipa yakatsetseka uye inopindura chiitiko.

Mukupedzisa, Linux Mint inopa hukuru hukuru pane yakaderera-resource PC, nepo Ubuntu inoshanda zvakanyanya pamakomputa matsva, ane simba.

V. Software uye Package Management

Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti zvese zviri zviviri Linux Mint neUbuntu zvakavakirwa paDebian uye shandisa iyo APT package maneja maneja.deb mapakeji, maitiro avo ekumisikidza software uye pasuru manejimendi anosiyana zvakanyanya.

Linux Mint inokoshesa nzira yakapusa, mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika kune manejimendi ehurongwa. Inoshandisa iyo Mint Software Manager, iri nyore kushandisa uye ine Flatpak rutsigiro. Flatpak inobvumira vashandisi kuisa maapplication pane akawanda kugovera pasina matambudziko ekuenderana, ichipa rusununguko rwakakura kupfuura Snap. Mint inopa iyo Synaptic Package Maneja kune vanhu vanosarudza yakawedzera pasuru manejimendi mhinduro.

Uyezve, Linux Mint yakabvisa rutsigiro rweSnap nekukasira, ichipa imwe nzira kune avo vanoda yakavhurika-sosi uye distro-agnostic software mapakeji.

Ubuntu, kune rumwe rutivi, inobatanidza Snap mapakeji zvakanyanya. Canonical's Snap inobvumira zvese zvinotsamira kuti zviunganidzwe mupakeji imwe chete, zvichiita kuti kuisirwa kuve nyore kune vamwe vashandisi. Snap, kune rumwe rutivi, inoparadzanisa munharaunda yeLinux sezvo yakavharwa-sosi, uye yakasimudza mamwe matambudziko ekuita. Ubuntu inouyawo neUbuntu Software Center, iyo inopa zvese zviri zviviri Snap uye zvekare APT-yakavakirwa zvirongwa, zvichiita kuti iwedzere kuenderana asi pamwe inononoka kupfuura Mint's mapakeji maneja.

Chekupedzisira, Linux Mint inopa kuchinjika uye sarudzo kune vashandisi vanofarira kudzivirira Snap mapakeji, nepo Ubuntu's Snap yekubatanidza inopa nyore kushandisa kune mamwe maapplication.

VI. Kugadzirisa uye Mushandisi Interface

Kana zvasvika pakugadzirisa uye mushandisi interface, zvese Linux Mint uye Ubuntu vane sarudzo dzakasiyana, asi Linux Mint inoshanduka uye mushandisi-ane hushamwari.

Linux Mint's flagship desktop nharaunda, Cinnamon, inozivikanwa neyakajairwa Windows-chimiro chitarisiko, icho vazhinji vashandisi vanoona chiri nyore kushandisa. Inosanganisira akakura ekugadzirisa mikana kunze kwebhokisi, achibvumira vashandisi kuti vachinje matema, maapuro, uye dhesklets zvakananga kubva kuSystem Settings. Aya masimba anoita kuti Mint iwande zvakanyanya, ichipa vashandisi kuchinjika kwakazara pamusoro pezvese kubva padesktop kutarisa kune yega applet mashandiro. Vashandisi veMint vanogona zvakare kuwana repository yenharaunda-yakagadziridzwa misoro uye maapuro kuitira mamwe maitiro.

Ubuntu nekusarudzika inoshandisa iyo GNOME desktop nharaunda, iyo inokoshesa kuve nyore uye minimalism. Nepo GNOME ichipa mashoma akavakirwa-mukati magadzirirwo sarudzo kupfuura Cinnamon, GNOME Extensions inobvumira vashandisi kuwedzera mamwe mashandiro uye hunhu. Nekudaro, izvi zvinoda kuiswa kwemamwe maturusi akadai seGNOME Tweaks, izvo zvinoita kuti zvinhu zviome zvishoma kune vatsva. Kune vatengi vanosarudza dzakasiyana siyana desktop nharaunda, Ubuntu inotsigira akati wandei shanduro, senge Kubuntu (ine KDE) uye Lubuntu (ine LXQt).

Kupfupisa, Linux Mint inopa yakawedzera intuitive uye yakagadziridzwa chiitiko kunze kwebhokisi, nepo Ubuntu inotarisisa pane yakarerutswa interface ine mashoma ekugadzirisa sarudzo.

VII. Software Kuwanikwa uye Kuenderana