Kukula ndi Kukula kwa Rack ya mainchesi 19: Buku Lotsogolera Lonse la Miyezo ya Server ndi Rackmount PC

Chotchingira cha mainchesi 19 ndi chimango chokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira ma seva oyika, zida za netiweki, zowongolera zamafakitale, ndi zida zowonera. Poyamba chinkafotokozedwa ndi muyezo wa EIA-310, chotchingiracho chimatchula m'lifupi mwa gulu lakutsogolo la mainchesi 19 (482.6 mm), zomwe zimathandiza kuti zida zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana zigwirizane mu mpanda womwewo. Kugwirizana kumeneku kwapangitsa makina oyika rack kukhala maziko a malo osungira deta, zipinda zolumikizirana, ma studio owulutsa, ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito ma automation a mafakitale.

Miyeso ya raki imachokera ku lingaliro la rack unit (U), pomwe 1U ndi mainchesi 1.75 (44.45 mm) kutalika. Zipangizo monga seva ya 1U, 2U storage array, kapena 4U industrial PC zitha kuyikidwa molunjika mu raki imodzi, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu pamene zikusungidwa kukula kodziwikiratu. Kuzama kumakhala kosiyanasiyana, kuyambira 600 mm mpaka 1200 mm (24–48 mainchesi), ndipo nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa kutengera zofunikira zoziziritsira, kasamalidwe ka chingwe, ndi mtundu wa zida zoyikira raki zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ubwino waukulu wa mtundu wa rack wa mainchesi 19 ndi awa:

• Kugwirizana ogulitsa osiyanasiyana
• Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo kudzera mu mikwingwirima yoyima
• Kuchuluka kwa kukula kukulitsa malo a IT kapena mafakitale
• Chithandizo cha zowonjezera monga zida zoyendetsera chingwe, magawo ogawa magetsi ndi zosungira mpweya.

M'malo amakono a IT ndi mafakitale, kukula ndi kukula kwa chotchingira cha mainchesi 19 ndi maziko omangira zomangamanga zodalirika, zokulirapo komanso zotsatira miyezo.

Chigoba cha mainchesi 19 chakhala maziko a ma PC oyika ma rack, ma seva, ndi zida zolumikizirana kwa zaka zoposa zana. Chiyambi chake chimachokera ku AT&T mu 1922, pomwe ma telephone repeaters adapereka njira yokhazikika yoyikira kuti ikhale yosavuta kuyiyika ndi kukonza. Chomwe chinayamba ngati njira yolumikizirana posakhalitsa chinakhala muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi wa malo osungira deta, makina odziyimira pawokha a mafakitale, ndi zida zowonera mawu.

Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zikugwirizana kwa nthawi yayitali, miyezo ingapo yapadziko lonse lapansi yakhazikitsidwa:

• EIA-310-D - Imatanthauzira m'lifupi mwa rack ya mainchesi 19, kutalika kwa unit (U) ya mainchesi 1.75 (44.45 mm) ndi malo otseguka.
• IEC 60297 - Muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi wa kukula kwa rack, mapangidwe a mabowo omangira ndi kuyanjana kwa madera osiyanasiyana.
• DIN 41494 - Muyezo wa ku Europe womwe umachokera ku mafotokozedwe a IEC ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'makabati owongolera mafakitale.
• CEA-310-E - wotsatira malangizo a EIA, kuonetsetsa kuti miyeso ya raki ya IT ndi zida zamagetsi ndi yofanana.

Lingaliro lofunika kwambiri ndi rack unit (U), yomwe imasintha kutalika kwa chipangizocho kukhala mainchesi 1.75. Izi zimathandiza seva yokwezera rack ya 1U, chipangizo chosungiramo 2U, kapena chassis ya PC yamafakitale ya 4U kuti igwirizane bwino ndi malo omwewo.

Tebulo lachidule lachidule

Miyezo ya ma rack iyi ikadali yofunika kwambiri kuti ma PC, ma seva, ma switch ndi makina amafakitale azikhala ogwirizana, osinthika komanso odalirika m'mafakitale onse.

Kumvetsetsa miyeso yapakati ya rack ya mainchesi 19 ndikofunikira mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma PC, ma seva, ndi zida za netiweki. Miyeso itatu yofunika kwambiri ndi m'lifupi, kutalika, ndi kuzama, chilichonse chimafotokozedwa ndi miyezo yamakampani, koma ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa ntchito zinazake.

• M'lifupi mwa rack – M'lifupi mwa bolodi lakutsogolo lokhazikika ndi mainchesi 19 (482.6 mm) monga momwe EIA-310 yafotokozera. Ma rail oikira ndi opapatiza pang'ono, okhala ndi mtunda wa mainchesi 17.75 mkati, kuti zitsimikizire kuti zipangizo zokhala ndi zogwirira kapena ma bezel zidzagwirabe ntchito. Makampani ena amagwiritsanso ntchito ma racks a mainchesi 23, koma kukula kwa racks ya mainchesi 19 kumakhalabe kofunikira kwambiri pa IT ndi ntchito zowongolera mafakitale.
• Kutalika kwa denga - imayesedwa mu mayunitsi a rack (U), pomwe 1U ndi mainchesi 1.75 (44.45 mm). Zipangizo monga ma seva a rackmount a 1U, ma storage a 2U, ndi ma PC a mafakitale a 4U apangidwa kuti ayesedwe muyeso uwu. Kukula kofanana kwa chassis ndi 42U kapena 48U, yokhala ndi mphamvu yoyima yoposa mapazi 6.
• Kuzama kwa rack – Mosiyana ndi m'lifupi ndi kutalika, kuya sikuli koyenera. Ma ranges odziwika bwino ndi 600 mm (24″), 800 mm (31.5″), 1000 mm (39.4″), ndi 1200 mm (47.2″). Kusankha kuya kumakhudza kasamalidwe ka chingwe, kayendedwe ka mpweya, ndi kugwirizana ndi ma seva akuluakulu.

Chidule cha miyeso ya rack

Mwa kugwirizana ndi miyeso ya ma rack iyi, mabungwe amaonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikugwirizana, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo, komanso zomangamanga zomwe zingathe kukulitsidwa pa IT ndi mafakitale.

Chotchingira cha mainchesi 19 chimapezeka m'mitundu ndi makonzedwe osiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma PC, ma seva, ma telecommunication ndi mafakitale. Kusankha kalembedwe koyenera kumatsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo, kuyenda kwa mpweya ndi chithandizo cha zida.

• Ma racks a positi ziwiri (relay) - zoonda, zopepuka, komanso nthawi zambiri zomangika pansi, izi ndi zabwino kwambiri pa ma switch a netiweki, mapanelo olumikizirana, ndi zida zopepuka zomangira ma rack. Zimapezeka kwambiri m'makabati olumikizirana mauthenga komwe kuya ndi kulemera kwake kuli kochepa.
• Ma racks a positi zinayi Amapereka zitsulo zoyikira kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, zomwe zimapereka kugawa bwino kulemera kwa ma seva, makina a UPS, ndi ma PC akuluakulu a mafakitale. Akhoza kukhala otseguka kuti azitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta kapena kutsekedwa kuti atetezeke komanso kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino.
• Ma rack enclosures (makabati) - Yotsekedwa bwino ndi zitseko zokhoma, mapanelo am'mbali, ndi makina oyendetsera mawaya. Yodziwika bwino m'malo osungira deta ndi zipinda zodziyimira zokha zamafakitale komwe kuteteza fumbi, kuyang'anira kuzizira, ndi chitetezo ndizofunikira kwambiri.
• Zomangira zomangira pakhoma - malo omangira ang'onoang'ono a maofesi a nthambi, malo oyikamo magalimoto a AV, kapena mafakitale ang'onoang'ono a mafakitale. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu kuyambira 6U mpaka 18U.
• Ma racks apadera - Ikuphatikizapo ma racks osamveka bwino a maofesi, ma racks ogwedezeka ndi zivomerezi omwe amagwirizana ndi Telcordia GR-63-CORE, ndi ma shelufu oyenda a ATA ogwiritsira ntchito zida zowulutsira ndi zochitika zamoyo.

Chidule cha kasinthidwe ka rack

Posankha makonzedwe oyenera a rack, mabungwe amatha kupeza mgwirizano pakati pa kuchulukana, kuziziritsa, kasamalidwe ka chingwe ndi chitetezo kuti apange zomangamanga zoyendetsera rack zogwira ntchito bwino komanso zodalirika.

Gawo lofunika kwambiri la makina aliwonse omangira ma rack a mainchesi 19 ndi ma mounting rails ndi hardware yake, zomwe zimafotokoza momwe ma PC, ma seva, ndi zida za netiweki zimayikidwira bwino komanso mosamala. Ngakhale kukula ndi kukula kwa ma rack ndizomwe zimapangitsa chimango, ndi ma rack, ma bowo patterns, ndi zomangira zomwe zimatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali, kupezeka mosavuta, komanso kugwirizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana.

Mitundu ya mabowo omangira

Miyezo yamakampani imatanthauzira mitundu itatu yodziwika bwino ya mabowo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu racks rails:

• Mabowo opangidwa ndi ulusi - Mabowo opangidwa ndi ulusi kale (nthawi zambiri 10-32, 12-24, kapena M6) omwe amalandira zomangira mwachindunji. Zodalirika, koma zosasinthasintha, chifukwa kumangitsa kwambiri kumatha kuwononga ulusi.
• Kudutsa m'mabowo (ozungulira) - mabowo opanda ulusi omwe amafunikira zomangira ndi mtedza. Sizofala kwambiri m'ma racks amakono a IT, koma zimapezekabe m'makoma a mafakitale.
• Mabowo ang'onoang'ono - kapangidwe kofala kwambiri masiku ano. Izi zimalandira mtedza wa khola, zomwe zimathandiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomangira ndikusintha mwachangu. Zodziwika bwino m'ma racks ambiri a seva, malo osungira deta, ndi makabati amakampani.

Kuyika njanji ndi makina otsetsereka

Ma rail ndi nsanamira zoyima mu rail zomwe zimasunga zida. Zipangizo zambiri, makamaka ma seva oyika ma rail ndi ma PC a mafakitale, zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zotsetsereka zomwe zimalumikizidwa ku rail yakutsogolo ndi yakumbuyo. Machitidwe awa amalola:

• Kufikira mosavuta pokonza kapena kusintha
• Thandizo losinthana kwambiri la ma seva amakampani
• Zida zowongolera mawaya (CMA) zokonzera mawaya kumbuyo kwa seva

Ma rail apamwamba nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhuthala cha 2 mm kapena chokhuthala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma PC olemera a 2U kapena 4U azitha kunyamula katundu.

Thandizo la kapangidwe ka nyumba ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi zivomerezi

Kuti zikhale zokhazikika, ma raki anayi amagawa kulemera kwa zida mofanana, motero amachepetsa kupsinjika kwa zida zoyikira. M'malo omwe amagwedezeka kapena kugwedezeka kwa nthaka, ma raki ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yogwirizana ndi Telcordia GR-63-CORE ndi GR-3108-CORE. Izi zimafuna njanji zolimba, zomangira, ndi zida zomwe zimatha kupirira katundu wambiri.

Zowonjezera ndi zowonjezera zida

Dongosolo lonse la rackmount hardware nthawi zambiri limaphatikizapo:

• Mtedza wa m'khola ndi mtedza wodulidwa - woti ugwirizane ndi kukula kosiyanasiyana kwa zomangira
• Adaputala ya njanji - yoyikira zipangizo zosakhazikika
• Mathireyi a chingwe ndi ma ducts - oyendetsera bwino ma wire
• Magawo ogawa magetsi (PDUs) - amayikidwa molunjika kapena pamalo opanda U kuti magetsi agwiritsidwe ntchito bwino
• Malo opumira mafani ndi zotulutsira mpweya - kusunga kuziziritsa bwino m'ma seva odzaza anthu ambiri

Tebulo lofotokozera magawo a msonkhano

Posankha njira yoyenera yokwezera njanji ndi zowonjezera za zida, mabungwe amaonetsetsa kuti zomangamanga zawo zokwezera rack sizimangokhala zotetezeka komanso zokonzedwa bwino kuti zisamalidwe mosavuta, kuyenda kwa mpweya, komanso kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali.

Raki ya mainchesi 19 si chimango chokha; ndi maziko okhala ndi ma raki PC osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osungira deta, kulumikizana, kuwulutsa, komanso makina odzipangira okha m'mafakitale. Kukula kwake kokhazikika komanso miyeso yake kumalola zida zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa ogulitsa angapo kuti zigwirizane m'chipinda chimodzi, kuonetsetsa kuti zimagwira ntchito limodzi komanso kuti zikukula.

Zipangizo zodziwika bwino zoyika rack

• Makompyuta a Rackmount ndi ma PC a mafakitale - nthawi zambiri 1U mpaka 4U kutalika, komwe kumapangidwira kuwongolera mafakitale, automation ya fakitale ndi computing ya m'mphepete.
• Ma seva - Ma seva a masamba, ma seva a pulogalamu ya 1U ndi ma seva osungira a 2U–4U ndi omwe amalamulira ma racks a malo osungira deta.
• Zipangizo za netiweki - ma rauta, ma switch, ma firewall ndi ma patch panels omwe amapanga maziko a ma network a IT ndi ma telecommunication amakampani.
• Magetsi ndi mayunitsi ozizira - makina a UPS okwezera rackmount, ma PDU (Power Distribution Units) ndi ma fan tray owongolera mpweya.
• Zipangizo zowonera mawu - zosakaniza ma consoles, ma amplifiers ndi ma encoders owulutsa mawu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu AV ndi ma media production racks.

Gwiritsani ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana

• Malo osungira deta -Ma Racks amathandiza kuyika ma seva ambiri, kuziziritsa bwino mpweya (kuchokera kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo) komanso kusamalira bwino chingwe.
• Zipangizo zolumikizirana - Zoyala zolumikizirana ziwiri zimakhala ndi ma switch opepuka a matelefoni ndi zida zolumikizirana.
• Malo a mafakitale – Ma raki otsekedwa amateteza makompyuta a mafakitale ku fumbi, kugwedezeka ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha.
• Kuwulutsa ndi AV - malo apadera osungira mawu amapereka malo otetezera mawu, kuyenda (nthawi zouluka) komanso chitetezo cha zivomerezi.

Tebulo Loyendetsera Zida Zogwirira Ntchito

Pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa rack wa mainchesi 19, mabungwe amakwaniritsa bwino malo, kukula kolinganizidwa, komanso kukonza bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino cha zomangamanga zamakono za rackmount. (Dziwani zambiri za ma PC a rackmount a 1U, ma PC a rackmount a 2U, ndi zina zotero)

Ngakhale kuti chotchingira cha mainchesi 19 ndiye muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi wokhazikitsa ma seva, makompyuta a mafakitale oyika rackmount , ndi zida za netiweki, pali miyezo ina ya ma rack yomwe ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito m'mafakitale ena. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri pokonzekera ndikukulitsa zomangamanga.

Miyezo ina ya rack

• Ma raki a mainchesi 10 - Ma raki ang'onoang'ono, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zazing'ono za netiweki, zida za AV kapena ma lab apakhomo. Amasunga malo, koma sangagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mabizinesi kapena m'mafakitale.
• Ma raki a mainchesi 23 - Muyezo wakale wolumikizirana ndi mafoni, wofala m'malo osinthira akale. Ma raki awa ali ndi mulifupi wokulirapo wa panel (584 mm) koma akusinthidwa kwambiri ndi ma raki a mainchesi 19 m'malo osungira deta amakono.
• Open Rack Standard (OCP) – Yopangidwa ndi Open Compute Project, ma racks awa amakhala ndi mulifupi womwewo wa 600 mm chassis koma amathandizira ma module a zida za IT (21 mainchesi / 533 mm). Amakondedwa m'malo osungira deta a hyperscale kuti azitha kuchulukirachulukira komanso kuyenda bwino kwa mpweya.
• Eurocard / DIN 41494 - Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu makina owongolera mafakitale ndi makina ophatikizidwa, mogwirizana ndi mafotokozedwe a IEC 60297. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zopangidwa ndi PCB mu makina odziyimira pawokha komanso oyesera.

Tebulo loyerekeza

Kuyerekeza chotchingira cha mainchesi 19 ndi njira zina izi kumatsimikizira chifukwa chake chimakhalabe chisankho chachikulu: kugwirizana kwakukulu, kutsatira miyezo yamakampani, ndi kufalikira. Malo apadera—monga kulumikizana kwa mafoni kapena makompyuta ambiri—angakondebe mitundu ina yogwiritsira ntchito pazinthu zinazake.

Chotchinga cha mainchesi 19 chikadali chimango chapadziko lonse cha ma PC okhala ndi rackmount, ma seva, zida zamaukonde, ndi makina owongolera mafakitale. Kukula kwake kokhazikika ndi miyeso yake — mainchesi 19 mulifupi, mainchesi 1.75 kutalika kwa rack unit (U), ndi kuya kwa 600–1200 mm — kumapereka mgwirizano wofunikira pa ntchito zamakono za IT, kulumikizana, ndi mafakitale. Potsatira miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ya EIA-310 ndi IEC 60297, makampani amaonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zochokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana zimagwirizana bwino ndi malo omwewo.

Zotsatira zazikulu

• M'lifupi: Yokhazikika pa mainchesi 19 (482.6 mm), kuonetsetsa kuti ikugwirizana ndi dziko lonse lapansi.
• Kutalika: Imayesedwa mu mayunitsi a rack (U), ndipo ma rack a 42U ndi 48U ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'malo osungira deta.
• Kuzama: Yosinthasintha pakati pa 600 mm ndi 1200 mm, yosankhidwa kutengera kutalika kwa seva, malo a chingwe ndi kayendedwe ka mpweya.
• Mitundu ya ma raki: Ma raki awiri otumizirana mauthenga opepuka, mafelemu otseguka anayi otumizirana mauthenga olemera, ndi malo otchingira malo otetezeka komanso olamulidwa ndi fumbi.
• Zowonjezera zoyikira: Mabowo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mtedza wa khola tsopano ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani, ophatikizidwa ndi ma slide rails, ma CMA (ma cable management arms) ndi ma PDU kuti agwire bwino ntchito.

Njira zabwino kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito rackmount

• Konzani kukula - Sankhani rack yokhala ndi ma rack ena owonjezera kuti agwirizane ndi ma seva amtsogolo, makina a UPS, kapena makompyuta amakampani.
• Konzani kuziziritsa patsogolo - Onetsetsani kuti mpweya ukuyenda kuchokera kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo, siyani malo oti muyike ma fan ducts, ndipo ganizirani zoikamo mbale kuti mupewe malo otentha.
• Konzani mawaya - Gwiritsani ntchito oyang'anira mawaya olunjika, ma PDU a zero-U, ndi ma CMA kuti mawaya azikhala okonzedwa bwino komanso ogwira ntchito.
• Onetsetsani kuti zinthu zili bwino – Mu malo omwe chivomerezi chimagwedezeka kapena mafakitale amachitikira, gwiritsani ntchito ma racks omwe ali ndi ziphaso zovomerezeka motsatira miyezo ya Telcordia GR-63-CORE.
• Yesani kawiri, ikani kamodzi - Nthawi zonse tsimikizirani kuya kwa rack, kapangidwe ka dzenje loyikiramo ndi kulemera kwake musanayike.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zabwino kwambiri izi zomangira ma raki, oyang'anira IT ndi mainjiniya amatha kupanga zomangamanga zokhazikika, zotetezeka, komanso zodalirika zomwe zimawonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito, zimathandizira kuyendetsa bwino mpweya, komanso zimapangitsa kuti kukonza kukhale kosavuta kwa nthawi yayitali.