Ubungakanani beRakhi ye-intshi ezili-19 kunye nobukhulu obuchazweyo: Isikhokelo esipheleleyo seMigangatho yeServer kunye neRackmount PC

Irakhi ye-intshi ezili-19 yifreyimu esemgangathweni wehlabathi jikelele esetyenziselwa iiseva zokufakela, izixhobo zenethiwekhi, ulawulo lwemizi-mveliso, kunye nezixhobo ze-audiovisual. Ekuqaleni yayichazwa ngumgangatho we-EIA-310, irakhi ichaza ububanzi bephaneli yangaphambili yee-intshi ezili-19 (482.6 mm), ivumela izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo ukuba zingene kwindawo efanayo. Oku kuhambelana kwenze iinkqubo ze-rackmount zibe yintsika yamaziko edatha, amagumbi onxibelelwano, ii-studio zokusasaza, kunye nezibonelelo ze-automation zemizi-mveliso.

Ubukhulu berekhi busekelwe kwingcamango yeyunithi yerekhi (U), apho i-1U ilingana nobude obuyi-1.75 intshi (44.45 mm). Izixhobo ezifana neseva ye-1U, uluhlu lokugcina lwe-2U, okanye i-4U industrial PC zinokubekwa ngokuthe nkqo kwirekhi enye, kwandisa uxinano ngelixa kugcinwa ubungakanani obuqikelelweyo. Ubunzulu buyahluka ngakumbi, buqala kwi-600 mm ukuya kwi-1200 mm (24–48 intshi), kwaye buhlala bukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zokupholisa, ulawulo lwekhebula, kunye nohlobo lwezixhobo ezinokufakwa kwirekhi ezisetyenziswayo.

Iingenelo eziphambili zefomathi yerakhi ye-intshi ezili-19 ziquka:

• Ukusebenzisana kubathengisi bonke
• Ukusetyenziswa kwendawo ngokufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa ukunqwabelana ngokuthe nkqo
• Ukukhula yokukhulisa i-IT okanye iindawo zoshishino
• Inkxaso yezixhobo njengezixhobo zolawulo lweentambo, iiyunithi zokusasaza umbane kunye nokulawula ukuhamba komoya.

Kwiindawo ze-IT zanamhlanje kunye nezoshishino, ubungakanani kunye nobukhulu be-rack ye-intshi ezili-19 zisebenza njengesiseko sokwakha isiseko esithembekileyo, esinokwandiswa nesihambelana nemigangatho.

I-rack eyi-intshi ezili-19 ibisisiseko see-PC ezifakelwa kwi-rack, ii-server, kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Imvelaphi yayo ibuyela kwi-AT&T ngo-1922, xa ii-repeaters zefowuni zabonelela ngenkqubo yokufakela eqhelekileyo ukuze kube lula ukufakela nokugcina. Oko kwaqala njengesisombululo sonxibelelwano ngokukhawuleza kwaba ngumgangatho wehlabathi jikelele wamaziko edatha, oomatshini abasebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kwimizi-mveliso, kunye nezixhobo ze-audiovisual.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwexesha elide, kuye kwaziswa imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yerakhi yamazwe ngamazwe:

• I-EIA-310-D – Ichaza ububanzi berakhi obusemthethweni obuyi-intshi ezili-19, iyunithi yokuphakama (U) eyi-1.75 intshi (44.45 mm) kunye nesithuba semingxuma.
• I-IEC 60297 – Umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe wobukhulu be-rack, iipateni zokufaka imingxunya kunye nokuhambelana phakathi kwemimandla.
• I-DIN 41494 – Umgangatho waseYurophu osekelwe kwiinkcukacha ze-IEC kwaye usetyenziswa rhoqo kwiikhabhathi zolawulo lwemizi-mveliso.
• I-CEA-310-E – umlandeli wezikhokelo ze-EIA, ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani obufanayo berekhi yezixhobo ze-IT neze-elektroniki.

Ingcamango ephambili yiyunithi yerakhi (U), emisela ukuphakama kwesixhobo ngokwee-intshi eziyi-1.75. Oku kuvumela iseva ye-rackmount ye-1U, isixhobo sokugcina i-2U, okanye itshasi ye-PC yezimboni ye-4U ukuba ilingane kakuhle kwindawo efanayo.

Itheyibhile yokujonga ngokukhawuleza

Le migangatho ye-rack ihlala ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ii-PC, ii-server, ii-switches kunye neenkqubo zoshishino zihlala zinokusebenzisana, zinokwandiswa kwaye zithembekile kumashishini onke.

Ukuqonda ubukhulu obuphambili berakhi ye-intshi ezili-19 kubalulekile xa usebenzisa ii-PC ze-rackmount, ii-server, kunye nezixhobo zenethiwekhi. Umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wesithathu bububanzi, ukuphakama, kunye nobunzulu, nganye ichazwa yimigangatho yoshishino, kodwa kunye notshintsho kwizicelo ezithile.

• Ububanzi berekhi – Ububanzi bepaneli yangaphambili esemgangathweni yi-19 intshi (482.6 mm) njengoko kuchaziwe yi-EIA-310. Iireyile zokufakelwa zincinci kancinci, zinesithuba sangaphakathi se-17.75 intshi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezinezibambo okanye ii-bezels ziya kufaneleka. Amanye amashishini asebenzisa iirakhi ze-23 intshi, kodwa ubungakanani berakhi ye-19 intshi buhlala buphambili kwizicelo zolawulo lwe-IT kunye nezoshishino.
• Ukuphakama kwerekhi – ilinganiswa kwiiyunithi ze-rack (U), apho i-1U ilingana ne-1.75 intshi (44.45 mm). Izixhobo ezifana neeseva ze-rackmount ze-1U, ii-arrays zokugcina ze-2U, kunye neePC ze-industrial ze-4U zenzelwe olu linganiselo. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo be-chassis yi-42U okanye i-48U, enomthamo othe nkqo ongaphezulu kweenyawo ezi-6.
• Ubunzulu berekhi – Ngokungafaniyo nobubanzi nokuphakama, ubunzulu abunazo zonke iindlela ezimiselweyo. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo yi-600 mm (24″), 800 mm (31.5″), 1000 mm (39.4″), kunye ne-1200 mm (47.2″). Ukukhethwa kobunzulu kuchaphazela ulawulo lweentambo, ukuhamba komoya, kunye nokuhambelana neeseva ezinkulu.

Isishwankathelo sobukhulu be-rack

Ngokuhambelana nale milinganiselo yerakhi, imibutho iqinisekisa ukusebenzisana, ukusetyenziswa kwendawo ngokufanelekileyo, kunye neziseko zophuhliso ezinokwandiswa zombini i-IT kunye ne-industrial rackmount PC deployments.

Irakhi eyi-intshi ezili-19 ifumaneka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye noqwalaselo, nganye ilungiselelwe ii-PC ezithile ze-rackmount, ii-server, unxibelelwano kunye nezicelo zoshishino. Ukukhetha isitayile esifanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwesithuba, ukuhamba komoya kunye nenkxaso yezixhobo.

• Iirakhi zeposi ezimbini (i-relay) – zincinci, zikhaphukhaphu, kwaye zihlala zifakelwe phantsi, ezi zilungele iiswitshi zenethiwekhi, iiphaneli zokudibanisa, kunye nezixhobo zokufaka iirakhi ezikhaphukhaphu. Zifumaneka rhoqo kwiikhabhathi zonxibelelwano apho ubunzulu nobunzima bulinganiselweyo.
• Iirakhi ezineeposi ezine zibonelela ngeereli zokufakela ngaphambili nangasemva, zibonelela ngokusasazwa okungcono kobunzima kwiiseva, iinkqubo ze-UPS, kunye neePC zemizi-mveliso enzima. Zingavuleka ukuze zifikeleleke okanye zivaliwe ukuze kukhuselwe kwaye kulawulwe ukuhamba komoya.
• Ii-rack enclosures (iikhabhinethi) – Ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo ineengcango ezitshixwayo, iiphaneli ezisecaleni, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lweentambo. Ithandwa kakhulu kwiindawo zedatha kunye namagumbi oomatshini abasebenza ngokuzenzekelayo apho ukhuseleko lothuli, ulawulo lokupholisa, kunye nokhuseleko zibalulekile.
• Iirakhi ezifakwe eludongeni – iindawo ezincinci zokuvala iiofisi zamasebe, ukufakelwa kwe-AV, okanye izityalo ezincinci zoshishino. Zihlala zinomthamo ukusuka kwi-6U ukuya kwi-18U.
• Iirakhi ezikhethekileyo – Ibandakanya iirakhi ezingangeni msindo kwiindawo zeofisi, iirakhi zenyikima ezihambelana neTelcordia GR-63-CORE, kunye neekheyisi zendiza ze-ATA eziphathwayo zezixhobo zokusasaza kunye nezeziganeko ezibukhoma.

Isishwankathelo soqwalaselo lwe-rack

Ngokukhetha ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lwerakhi, imibutho inokulinganisela phakathi koxinano, ukupholisa, ulawulo lweentambo kunye nokhuseleko ukuze kudalwe iziseko zolwakhiwo lwerakhi ezisebenzayo nezithembekileyo.

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yayo nayiphi na inkqubo yerakhi ye-intshi ezili-19 zii-mounting rails kunye nehardware, ezichaza indlela ezifakelwa ngayo ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo ii-PC, ii-server, kunye nezixhobo zenethiwekhi ze-rackmount. Nangona ubukhulu berakhi kunye nobukhulu bezinto zenza i-framework, zii-rails, iipatheni zemingxuma, kunye nezibophelelo eziqinisekisa uzinzo lwexesha elide, ukufikelela lula, kunye nokuhambelana nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo.

Iintlobo zemingxunya yokufaka

Imigangatho yoshishino ichaza iintlobo ezintathu zemingxunya eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiireyile zerack:

• Imingxunya enemisonto – Imingxunya enemisonto esele igrunjiwe (ngesiqhelo yi-10-32, 12-24, okanye i-M6) ezamkela ngqo izikrufu. Ithembekile, kodwa ayiguquguquki kangako, njengoko ukuqinisa kakhulu kunokonakalisa imisonto.
• Ngemingxuma (engqukuva) – imingxunya engenamisonto efuna izikrufu kunye neenati. Ayixhaphakanga kakhulu kwiirakhi ze-IT zanamhlanje, kodwa isafumaneka kwiindawo zokuvala izimboni.
• Imingxunya yesikwere - uyilo oluqhelekileyo namhlanje. Ezi zamkela ii-cage nuts, zivumela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezikrufu kunye nokutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza. Ziqhelekile kwiirakhi ezininzi zeeseva, amaziko edatha, kunye neekhabhathi zeshishini.

Iireli zokufaka kunye neenkqubo zokutyibilika

Iireli ziipali ezithe nkqo kwirakhi ezibamba izixhobo. Izixhobo ezininzi, ingakumbi iiseva ze-rackmount kunye neePC zemizi-mveliso, zisebenzisa izixhobo ze-sliding rail ezincamathela kwiireli zangaphambili nangasemva. Ezi nkqubo zivumela oku kulandelayo:

• Ukufikelela lula kokulungisa okanye ukutshintsha
• Inkxaso eshushu yokutshintshana kwiiseva zeshishini
• Iingalo zolawulo lweentambo (i-CMA) zokulungisa iintambo ngasemva kweseva

Iireli ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zihlala zenziwe ngentsimbi eyi-2 mm okanye etyebileyo, nto leyo enyusa amandla okuthwala umthwalo kwiiPC ezinzima ze-2U okanye ze-4U rackmount.

Inkxaso yesakhiwo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwenyikima

Ukuze zihlale zizinzile, iirakhi ezine-post zisasaza ubunzima bezixhobo ngokulinganayo, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa uxinzelelo kwiindawo zokufakela. Kwiindawo eziphantsi kokungcangcazela okanye umsebenzi wokushukuma komhlaba, iirakhi kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yokuthobela iTelcordia GR-63-CORE kunye neGR-3108-CORE. Ezi zifuna iireli eziqinisiweyo, i-bracing, kunye nehardware enokumelana nemithwalo ephezulu.

Izixhobo kunye nokwandiswa kwezixhobo

Inkqubo epheleleyo yezixhobo ze-rackmount idla ngokuquka:

• Iikheji nati kunye neekliphu nati – zokulungelelanisa ubungakanani beeskrubu ezahlukeneyo
• I-adaptha yesitimela – yokufakela izixhobo ezingezizo ezisemgangathweni
• Iitreyi zekhebula kunye nemijelo yokuhambisa amanzi – zolawulo lweentambo olucwangcisiweyo
• Iiyunithi zokusasazwa kombane (ii-PDU) – zifakwe ngokuthe nkqo okanye kwindawo engena-U ukuze kubekho umbane osebenzayo
• Izilayi zefeni kunye nee-air deflectors - ukugcina ukupholisa okusebenzayo kwiiseva ezixineneyo

Itheyibhile yokubhekisa kwiindawo zokuhlanganisa

Ngokukhetha inkqubo yesitimela esifakelwayo efanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zehardware, imibutho iqinisekisa ukuba iziseko zayo ze-rackmount azikhuselekanga nje kuphela kodwa zikwalungiselelwe ukuba kube lula ukuzigcina, ukuhamba komoya, kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide.

Irakhi ye-intshi ezili-19 ayisiyofreyimu nje kuphela; sisiseko sendawo yokuhlala iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-rack PC ezisetyenziswa kumaziko edatha, kunxibelelwano, kusasazo, nakwi-automation yemizi-mveliso. Ubungakanani bayo berakhi obuqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu buvumela izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezivela kubathengisi abaninzi ukuba zihlale kunye kwindawo enye, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kunye nokukhula.

Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokufaka i-rackmount

• Iikhompyutha zeRackmount kunye neePC zemizi-mveliso – rhoqo ukusuka kwi-1U ukuya kwi-4U ephezulu, eyenzelwe ulawulo lwemizi-mveliso, ukuzenzekela kwefektri kunye nokubala umda.
• Iiseva – Iiseva zeblade, iiseva zesicelo se-1U kunye neeseva zokugcina ze-2U–4U zilawula iirakhi zeziko ledatha.
• Izixhobo zenethiwekhi – ii-routers, iiswitshi, ii-firewalls kunye neepaneli ze-patch ezenza umqolo we-IT yeshishini kunye neenethiwekhi zonxibelelwano.
• Iiyunithi zokubonelela ngombane kunye nezokupholisa – iinkqubo ze-rackmount UPS, ii-PDU (iiYunithi zoSasazo lwaMandla) kunye neetreyi zefeni zokulawula ukuhamba komoya.
• Izixhobo ze-audiovisual – ii-consoles zokuxuba, ii-amplifier kunye nee-encoders zokusasaza, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-racks zemveliso ye-AV kunye nemidiya.

Ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo

• Amaziko edatha –Iirakhi zivumela ukusasazwa kweseva enoxinano oluphezulu, ukupholisa umoya ngokufanelekileyo (ukusuka phambili ukuya ngasemva) kunye nolawulo lweentambo olucwangcisiweyo.
• Izixhobo zonxibelelwano – Iirakhi zereyila ezimbini zibamba izitshintshi zonxibelelwano ezilula kunye nezixhobo zokubopha.
• Iindawo zoshishino – Iirakhi ezivalekileyo zikhusela ii-PC ze-rackmount zoshishino eluthulini, kwiintshukumo nasekutshintsheni kobushushu.
• Usasazo kunye ne-AV – iirakhi ezikhethekileyo zibonelela ngendawo yokukhusela isandi, ukuhambahamba (iimeko zokubhabha) kunye nokhuseleko lokunyikima komhlaba.

Itheyibhile yokusasazwa kwezixhobo zeRack

Ngokusebenzisa ifomathi yerakhi ye-intshi ezili-19, imibutho ifezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo, ukukhula okucwangcisiweyo, kunye nokugcinwa okuphuculweyo, okwenza kube lukhetho oluqhelekileyo kwiziseko zophuhliso zanamhlanje zerakhi. (Funda ngakumbi malunga nee-PC ze-rackmount ze-1U, ii-PC ze-rackmount ze-2U, njl.njl.)

Nangona i-rack ye-intshi ezili-19 iyindlela eqhelekileyo yehlabathi yokufakela iiseva, iikhompyutha ze-rackmount zoshishino kunye nezixhobo zenethiwekhi, kukho imigangatho yerakhi eyahlukileyo eqhubekayo esetyenziswa kumashishini athile. Ukuqonda la mahluko kubalulekile xa kucwangciswa kwaye kwandiswa iziseko zophuhliso.

Imigangatho yerakhi eyahlukileyo

• Iirakhi ze-intshi ezili-10 – Iirakhi ezincinci, ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwizixhobo ezincinci zenethiwekhi, izixhobo ze-AV okanye iilebhu zasekhaya. Zigcina indawo, kodwa azikwazi ukulinganiswa ukuze zisetyenziswe kumashishini okanye kumashishini.
• Iirakhi ezingama-23 intshi – Umgangatho wonxibelelwano oludala, oxhaphakileyo kwiindawo zokutshintsha ezindala. Ezi rakhi zibonelela ngobubanzi obungaphezulu bepaneli (584 mm) kodwa ngokuyintloko zithathelwa indawo ziirakhi ezingama-19 intshi kwiindawo zolwazi zanamhlanje.
• I-Open Rack Standard (OCP) – Yaphuhliswa yi-Open Compute Project, ezi racks zigcina ububanzi be-chassis obuyi-600 mm kodwa zixhasa iimodyuli zezixhobo ze-IT ezibanzi (ii-intshi ezingama-21 / 533 mm). Zithandwa kakhulu kwiindawo zedatha ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukuze kubekho uxinano oluphezulu kunye nokuhamba komoya okuphuculweyo.
• I-Eurocard / DIN 41494 – Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwemizi-mveliso kunye neenkqubo ezifakwe ngaphakathi, ezihambelana neenkcukacha ze-IEC 60297. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwizixhobo ezisekwe kwi-PCB kwiinkqubo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo.

Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa

Ukuthelekisa i-rack ye-intshi ezili-19 kunye nezi ndlela zikhethiweyo kwenza kucace ukuba kutheni ihlala iyeyona ndlela iphambili: ukuhambelana ngokubanzi, ukunamathela kwimigangatho yoshishino, kunye nokukhula. Iindawo ezikhethekileyo—ezifana nonxibelelwano okanye i-hyperscale computing—zisenokukhetha ezinye iindlela kwiimfuno ezithile zokusebenza.

I-rack eyi-intshi ezili-19 isahlala ilulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo lwee-PC ze-rackmount zokuhlala, ii-server, izixhobo zenethiwekhi, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwemizi-mveliso. Ubungakanani bayo obuqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu bayo — ububanzi obuyi-intshi ezili-19, iyunithi ye-rack eyi-intshi eyi-1.75 (U) ukuphakama, kunye nobunzulu obuyi-600–1200 mm — ibonelela ngokusebenza ngokubambisana okufunekayo kwi-IT yanamhlanje, unxibelelwano, kunye nezicelo zemizi-mveliso. Ngokunamathela kwimigangatho ye-EIA-310 kunye ne-IEC 60297 emiselweyo, iinkampani ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezivela kubathengisi abahlukeneyo zingena ngokulula kwindawo efanayo.

Iziphumo eziphambili

• Ububanzi: Ilungiswe kwii-intshi ezili-19 (482.6 mm), iqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwehlabathi.
• Ukuphakama: Ilinganiswa kwiiyunithi ze-rack (U), apho ii-rack ezingama-42U kunye ne-48U zixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo zolwazi.
• Ubunzulu: Iguquguquka phakathi kwe-600 mm kunye ne-1200 mm, ikhethwe ngokusekelwe kubude beseva, isithuba seentambo kunye nokuhamba komoya.
• Iintlobo zeerakhi: Iirakhi zereyi eziphindwe kabini zezixhobo zonxibelelwano ezilula, iifreyimu ezivulekileyo eziphindwe kane zeeseva ezinzima, kunye neendawo ezivalekileyo zeendawo ezikhuselekileyo nezilawulwa luthuli.
• Izixhobo zokufaka: Imingxunya yesikwere eneenkozo zekheji ngoku yimigangatho yeshishini, idibene nee-slide rails, ii-CMA (iingalo zolawulo lweentambo) kunye nee-PDU ukuze zisebenze kakuhle.

Iindlela ezilungileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-rackmount

• Isicwangciso sokukhula – Khetha irakhi enezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zerakhi ukuze ilungele iiseva zexesha elizayo, iinkqubo ze-UPS, okanye iiPC zoshishino.
• Beka phambili ukupholisa – Qinisekisa ukuba umoya uhamba ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva, shiya indawo yeepayipi zomoya, kwaye ucinge ngokubeka iipleyiti ezingenanto ukuze uphephe iindawo ezishushu.
• Lungiselela iintambo - Sebenzisa abaphathi beentambo ezithe nkqo, ii-zero-U PDU, kunye nee-CMA ukugcina iintambo zicwangcisiwe kwaye zisebenza.
• Qinisekisa uzinzo – Kwiindawo ezishushu okanye ezishushu kwimizi-mveliso, sebenzisa iirakhi eziqinisekisiweyo ngokwemigangatho yeTelcordia GR-63-CORE.
• Linganisa kabini, faka kube kanye – Soloko uqinisekisa ubunzulu berekhi, ipateni yomngxuma wokufaka kunye nomthamo wobunzima ngaphambi kokuba uyibeke.

Ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela zibalaseleyo zokufakela iirakhi, abaphathi be-IT kunye neenjineli banokwakha iziseko zerakhi ezinokukhuliswa, ezikhuselekileyo, nezithembekileyo eziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komoya, ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle komoya, kwaye zenze kube lula ukugcinwa kwexesha elide.