Ukuchazwa Kosayizi Werekhi Engu-19 Amasentimitha Nobukhulu: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wezindinganiso Ze-Server Ne-Rackmount PC

I-rack engu-19 intshi iyifreyimu ejwayelekile emhlabeni wonke esetshenziselwa amaseva okufaka, imishini yenethiwekhi, izilawuli zezimboni, kanye nemishini yokubuka umsindo. Ekuqaleni yayichazwa yi-EIA-310 standard, i-rack icacisa ububanzi bephaneli yangaphambili obungu-19 intshi (482.6 mm), okuvumela ihadiwe ehlukene evela kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene ukuthi ilingane endaweni efanayo. Lokhu kuhambisana kwenze izinhlelo ze-rackmount zibe umgogodla wezikhungo zedatha, amakamelo okuxhumana, ama-studio okusakaza, kanye nezikhungo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela zezimboni.

Ubukhulu be-rack busekelwe emcabangweni weyunithi ye-rack (U), lapho i-1U ilingana nokuphakama okungu-1.75 amayintshi (44.45 mm). Amadivayisi afana neseva ye-1U, i-2U storage array, noma i-4U industrial PC angafakwa ngokuqondile ku-rack eyodwa, okwandisa ubuningi ngenkathi kugcinwa usayizi obikezelwayo. Ukujula kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, kusukela ku-600 mm kuya ku-1200 mm (24-48 amayintshi), futhi kuvame ukukhethwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokupholisa, ukuphathwa kwekhebula, kanye nohlobo lwemishini efakwa ku-rack esetshenziswayo.

Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zefomethi ye-rack engu-19-intshi zifaka:

• Ukusebenzisana kubathengisi bonke
• Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala okusebenzayo ngokusebenzisa ukunqwabelanisa okuqondile
• Ukusabalala yokukhulisa izindawo ze-IT noma zezimboni
• Ukusekelwa kwezesekeli njengezikhali zokuphatha izintambo, amayunithi okusabalalisa ugesi kanye nokulawula ukuhamba komoya.

Ezindaweni zesimanje ze-IT nezezimboni, ubukhulu nobukhulu be-rack engu-19 intshi kusebenza njengesisekelo sokwakha ingqalasizinda ethembekile, enwebekayo futhi ehambisana nezindinganiso.

I-rack engu-19 intshi ibilokhu iyisisekelo sama-PC okufaka ama-rack, amaseva, kanye nemishini yokuxhumana isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. Imvelaphi yayo ibuyela emuva ku-AT&T ngo-1922, lapho okuphindaphinda ngocingo behlinzeka ngesistimu yokufaka ejwayelekile ukuze kube lula ukufakwa nokugcinwa. Lokho okwaqala njengesixazululo sokuxhumana ngokushesha kwaba indinganiso yomhlaba wonke yezikhungo zedatha, ukuzenzekela kwezimboni, kanye nemishini yokubuka umsindo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwesikhathi eside, kuye kwaqalwa amazinga amaningana omhlaba wonke e-rack:

• I-EIA-310-D – Ichaza ububanzi be-rack obungu-19 intshi obusemthethweni, iyunithi yokuphakama (U) engu-1.75 intshi (44.45 mm) kanye nesikhala semigodi.
• I-IEC 60297 – Indinganiso yomhlaba wonke yobukhulu be-rack, amaphethini okufaka imigodi kanye nokuhambisana kwezifunda.
• I-DIN 41494 – Indinganiso yaseYurophu esekelwe ezimisweni ze-IEC futhi evame ukusetshenziswa kumakhabhinethi okulawula ezimboni.
• I-CEA-310-E – umlandeli weziqondiso ze-EIA, oqinisekisa ubukhulu obufanayo be-rack ye-IT kanye nemishini kagesi.

Umqondo oyinhloko yiyunithi ye-rack (U), elinganisa ukuphakama kwedivayisi ngeziphindaphindo ezingama-intshi angu-1.75. Lokhu kuvumela iseva ye-rackmount engu-1U, idivayisi yokugcina engu-2U, noma i-chassis ye-PC yezimboni engu-4U ukuthi ilingane kahle endaweni efanayo.

Ithebula lokubuka konke okusheshayo

Lezi zindinganiso ze-rack zihlala zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ama-PC, amaseva, ama-switch kanye nezinhlelo zezimboni zihlala zisebenzisana, zikhuliswa futhi zithembekile kuzo zonke izimboni.

Ukuqonda ubukhulu obuyinhloko be-rack engu-19 intshi kubalulekile uma usebenzisa ama-PC, amaseva, namadivayisi enethiwekhi e-rackmount. Izilinganiso ezintathu ezibalulekile ububanzi, ukuphakama, kanye nokujula, ngasinye sichazwa yizindinganiso zemboni, kodwa ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.

• Ububanzi berekhi – Ububanzi bephaneli yangaphambili obujwayelekile bungamasentimitha angu-482.6 (482.6 mm) njengoba kuchazwe yi-EIA-310. Ama-rails okufaka anciphile kancane, anesikhala sangaphakathi esingu-17.75-intshi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi anezibambo noma ama-bezel asazohlala efanelekile. Ezinye izimboni nazo zisebenzisa ama-racks angu-23-intshi, kodwa usayizi we-racks ongu-19-intshi usalokhu uvelele ezinhlelweni zokulawula ze-IT kanye nezimboni.
• Ukuphakama kwerekhi – kulinganiswa ngamayunithi e-rack (U), lapho i-1U ilingana nama-intshi angu-1.75 (44.45 mm). Imishini efana namaseva e-rackmount e-1U, ama-array esitoreji angu-2U, kanye nama-PC ezimboni angu-4U aklanyelwe lokhu kulinganisa. Osayizi abavamile be-chassis yi-42U noma i-48U, enomthamo oqondile ongaphezu kwamamitha angu-6.
• Ukujula kwerekhi – Ngokungafani nobubanzi nokuphakama, ukujula akukahlelwanga ngokuphelele. Amabanga ajwayelekile angama-600 mm (24″), 800 mm (31.5″), 1000 mm (39.4″), kanye no-1200 mm (47.2″). Ukukhethwa kokujula kuthinta ukuphathwa kwekhebula, ukuhamba komoya, kanye nokuhambisana namaseva amakhulu.

Ukubuka konke kobukhulu be-rack

Ngokuhambisana nalezi zilinganiso ze-rack, izinhlangano ziqinisekisa ukusebenzisana, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala okuphumelelayo, kanye nengqalasizinda engandiswa kokubili kokusetshenziswa kwe-IT kanye ne-PC ye-rackmount yezimboni.

I-rack engu-19 intshi itholakala ngezinhlobo eziningana kanye nokucushwa, ngayinye ye-PC ezithile ze-rackmount, amaseva, ezokuxhumana kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni. Ukukhetha isitayela esifanele kuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala okuhle kakhulu, ukuhamba komoya kanye nokusekelwa kwemishini.

• Ama-racks amabili (e-relay) – zincane, zilula, futhi zivame ukufakwa phansi, lezi zilungele ukushintsha inethiwekhi, amaphaneli okuhlanganisa, kanye nemishini yokufaka i-rack elula. Zivame ukutholakala kumakhabethe ezokuxhumana lapho ukujula nesisindo kulinganiselwe khona.
• Ama-rack anezigxobo ezine inikeza izinsimbi zokufaka zangaphambili nangemuva, ezihlinzeka ngokusatshalaliswa okungcono kwesisindo kumaseva, izinhlelo ze-UPS, nama-PC ezimboni ezisindayo. Angavuleka ukuze afinyeleleke kalula noma avaliwe ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphepha kanye nokulawula ukuhamba komoya.
• Izindawo zokuvala izindonga (amakhabhinethi) – Ivaliwe ngokuphelele ngeminyango ekhiywayo, amaphaneli aseceleni, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ikhebula. Ithandwa kakhulu ezikhungweni zedatha kanye namakamelo okuzenzakalelayo ezimboni lapho ukuvikelwa kothuli, ukuphathwa kokupholisa, kanye nokuphepha kubalulekile khona.
• Ama-rack afakwe odongeni – izindawo eziqinile zokuvala amahhovisi egatsha, ukufakwa kwe-AV, noma izitshalo ezincane zezimboni. Ngokuvamile zinomthamo osukela ku-6U kuya ku-18U.
• Ama-rack akhethekile – Kufaka phakathi ama-rack angangeni msindo ezindaweni zasehhovisi, ama-rack ashukumayo ahambisana ne-Telcordia GR-63-CORE, kanye nama-air conditioner e-ATA aphathwayo okusakaza kanye nemishini yemicimbi ebukhoma.

Ukubuka konke kokucushwa kwe-rack

Ngokukhetha ukucushwa kwe-rack okufanele, izinhlangano zingalinganisa phakathi kobuningi, ukupholisa, ukuphathwa kwekhebula kanye nokuphepha ukuze kudalwe ingqalasizinda ye-rackmount esebenza kahle futhi ethembekile.

Ingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-rack oluyi-intshi ezingu-19 yi-mounting rails kanye ne-hardware, echaza ukuthi ama-PC, amaseva, namadivayisi enethiwekhi afakwa ngokuphephile nangokusebenza kahle kangakanani. Nakuba ubukhulu be-rack kanye nobukhulu kudala uhlaka, yi-rails, amaphethini emigodi, kanye nezinamathiselo eziqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside, ukufinyelela okulula, kanye nokuhambisana namadivayisi ahlukahlukene.

Izinhlobo zezimbobo zokufaka

Izindinganiso zemboni zichaza izinhlobo ezintathu zemigodi ezivamile ezisetshenziswa kuma-rack rails:

• Izimbobo ezinentambo – Izimbobo ezinentambo ezibholiwe ngaphambilini (ngokuvamile eziyi-10-32, 12-24, noma i-M6) ezamukela ngqo izikulufo. Zithembekile, kodwa aziguquguquki kangako, njengoba ukuqinisa ngokweqile kungalimaza izintambo.
• Ngezimbobo (eziyindilinga) – izimbobo ezingenazintambo ezidinga izikulufo namantongomane. Akuvamile kakhulu kuma-racks e-IT esimanje, kodwa kusatholakala ezindaweni zokuvala zezimboni.
• Izimbobo eziyisikwele - umklamo ovame kakhulu namuhla. Lezi zamukela amantongomane ekheji, okuvumela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezikulufo kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni okusheshayo. Kujwayelekile kuma-racks amaningi eseva, izikhungo zedatha, kanye namakhabhinethi ebhizinisi.

Izinhlelo zokufaka izinsimbi kanye nokushelela

Ama-rails ayizigxobo eziqondile erekhini ezibamba imishini. Amadivayisi amaningi, ikakhulukazi amaseva okufaka ama-rack kanye nama-PC ezimboni, asebenzisa ama-sliding rail kit anamathela kokubili kuma-rails angaphambili nangemuva. Lezi zinhlelo zivumela:

• Ukufinyelela okulula kokulungiswa noma ukushintshwa
• Usekelo olushintshashintshayo lwamaseva ebhizinisi
• Izingalo zokuphatha ikhebula (i-CMA) zokulungisa ikhebula ngemuva kweseva

Ama-rails asezingeni eliphezulu ngokuvamile enziwa ngensimbi engu-2 mm noma ejiyile, okwandisa amandla okuthwala umthwalo kuma-PC asindayo e-2U noma e-4U rackmount.

Ukusekelwa kwesakhiwo kanye nokucatshangelwa kokuzamazama komhlaba

Ukuze kuqiniswe, ama-rack anezinsika ezine asabalalisa isisindo semishini ngokulinganayo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukucindezeleka ezingxenyeni zokufaka. Ezindaweni ezithinteka ekudlidlizeni noma ekuzamazameni komhlaba, ama-rack kumele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuthobela i-Telcordia GR-63-CORE kanye ne-GR-3108-CORE. Lokhu kudinga ama-rails aqinisiwe, i-bracing, kanye ne-hardware engamelana nemithwalo ephezulu.

Izesekeli kanye nokwandiswa kwehadiwe

Uhlelo oluphelele lwe-hardware olufakwe ku-rackmount luvame ukufaka:

• Amantongomane ekhejini kanye namantongomane e-clip – ukuze kulungiswe osayizi abahlukene bezikulufo
• I-adaptha yesitimela – yokufaka amadivayisi angewona ajwayelekile
• Amathreyi ekhebula kanye namapayipi – okuphathwa kwezintambo okuhlelekile
• Amayunithi okusabalalisa amandla (ama-PDU) - afakwe ngokuqondile noma endaweni engenalutho ukuze kutholakale amandla asebenza kahle
• Izimbobo zefeni kanye neziphazamisi zomoya - ukugcina ukupholisa okusebenzayo kumaseva agcwele kakhulu

Ithebula lokubhekisela lezingxenye zomhlangano

Ngokukhetha uhlelo lwesitimela olufanele lokufaka kanye nezesekeli zehadiwe, izinhlangano ziqinisekisa ukuthi ingqalasizinda yazo yokubeka i-rack ayigcini nje ngokuphephile kodwa futhi ilungiselelwe ukulungiswa kalula, ukuhamba komoya, kanye nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.

I-rack engu-19 intshi ayilona nje uhlaka; iyisisekelo sokuhlala izinhlobo eziningi zama-rack PC asetshenziswa ezikhungweni zedatha, ezokuxhumana, ekusakazeni, kanye nasekuzenzekeleni kwezimboni. Ubukhulu bayo be-rack obujwayelekile kanye nobukhulu buvumela amadivayisi ahlukene avela kubathengisi abaningi ukuthi ahlale ndawonye endaweni efanayo, okuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kanye nokukhula.

Amadivayisi avamile okufaka i-rackmount

• Ama-PC e-Rackmount nama-PC ezimboni – ngokuvamile ukuphakama okungu-1U kuya ku-4U, okwenzelwe ukulawula izimboni, ukuzenzekela kwefektri kanye nokubala okusemaphethelweni.
• Amaseva – Amaseva e-blade, amaseva esicelo se-1U kanye namaseva okugcina e-2U–4U alawula ama-racks esikhungo sedatha.
• Amadivayisi enethiwekhi – ama-router, amaswishi, ama-firewall kanye namaphaneli okuhlanganisa akha umgogodla wamanethiwekhi e-IT kanye nezokuxhumana ebhizinisini.
• Amayunithi okunikeza amandla nokupholisa – izinhlelo ze-rackmount UPS, ama-PDU (ama-Power Distribution Units) kanye nama-fan tray okulawula ukuhamba komoya.
• Imishini yokubuka ngeso lengqondo – ama-consoles okuxuba, ama-amplifier kanye nama-encoder okusakaza, asetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-racks okukhiqiza i-AV kanye nemidiya.

Sebenzisa ezindaweni ezahlukene

• Izikhungo zedatha –Ama-racks avumela ukuthunyelwa kweseva enobuningi obukhulu, ukupholisa komoya okuphumelelayo (kusuka phambili kuya emuva) kanye nokuphathwa kwekhebula okuhlelekile.
• Imishini yokuxhumana – Ama-relay racks anezithupha ezimbili aphethe amaswishi okuxhumana alula kanye namadivayisi okubopha.
• Izindawo zezimboni – Ama-rack avaliwe avikela ama-PC e-rackmount ezimboni othulini, ekudlidlizeni nasekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa.
• Ukusakaza kanye ne-AV – ama-rack akhethekile anikeza isikhala sokuvikela umsindo, ukuhamba (izehlakalo zokundiza) kanye nokuphepha kokuzamazama komhlaba.

Ithebula Lokusetshenziswa Kwemishini Yerekhi

Ngokusebenzisa ifomethi ye-rack engu-19-intshi, izinhlangano zifinyelela ukusebenza kahle kwesikhala, ukukhula okuhlelekile, kanye nokugcinwa okuthuthukisiwe, okwenza kube ukukhetha okubanzi kwengqalasizinda yesimanje ye-rackmount. (Funda kabanzi ngama-PC e-rackmount angu-1U, ama-PC e-rackmount angu-2U, njll.)

Nakuba i-rack engu-19 intshi iyindinganiso yomhlaba wonke yamaseva okufaka, amakhompyutha e-rackmount ezimboni kanye nemishini yenethiwekhi, kunezindinganiso ze-rack ezihlukile eziqhubeka nokusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezithile. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile lapho uhlela futhi wandisa ingqalasizinda.

Izindinganiso ze-rack ezihlukile

• Ama-rack angu-10 intshi – Ama-rack aqinile, avame ukusetshenziselwa amadivayisi amancane enethiwekhi, imishini ye-AV noma amalebhu asekhaya. Agcina isikhala, kodwa awakwazi ukulinganiswa ukuze asetshenziswe emabhizinisini noma embonini.
• Ama-rack angu-23 intshi – Indinganiso yezokuxhumana yakudala, evamile ezindaweni zokushintsha ezindala. Lawa ma-rack anikeza ububanzi obukhulu bephaneli (584 mm) kodwa athathelwa indawo kakhulu ngama-rack angu-19 intshi ezindaweni zedatha zanamuhla.
• I-Open Rack Standard (OCP) – Yasungulwa yi-Open Compute Project, lawa ma-rack agcina ububanzi obufanayo be-chassis obungu-600 mm kodwa asekela amamojula emishini ye-IT abanzi (amasentimitha angu-21 / 533 mm). Athandwa kakhulu ezikhungweni zedatha ze-hyperscale ukuze kube nokuxinana okuphezulu kanye nokugeleza komoya okuthuthukisiwe.
• I-Eurocard / DIN 41494 – Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekulawuleni kwezimboni kanye nasezinhlelweni ezifakiwe, ezihambisana nezincazelo ze-IEC 60297. Ivame ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi asekelwe ku-PCB ezinhlelweni zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kanye nokuhlola.

Ithebula lokuqhathanisa

Ukuqhathanisa i-rack engamasentimitha angu-19 nalezi zindlela zokwenza kucace ukuthi kungani ihlala iyisinqumo esiyinhloko: ukuhambisana okubanzi, ukunamathela ezindinganisweni zemboni, kanye nokukhula. Izindawo ezikhethekile—njengokuxhumana ngocingo noma ukubala nge-hyperscale—zingase zikhethe amafomethi ahlukile ezidingweni ezithile zokusebenza.

I-rack engu-19 intshi isalokhu iwuhlaka olujwayelekile lwama-PC okuhlala e-rackmount, amaseva, amadivayisi enethiwekhi, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula izimboni. Ubukhulu bayo be-rack obujwayelekile kanye nobukhulu — ububanzi obungu-19 intshi, ukuphakama okungu-1.75 intshi iyunithi ye-rack (U), kanye nokujula okungu-600–1200 mm — kuhlinzeka ngokusebenzisana okudingekayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IT zanamuhla, ezokuxhumana, kanye nezimboni. Ngokunamathela ezindinganisweni ze-EIA-310 kanye ne-IEC 60297 ezisunguliwe, izinkampani ziqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi avela kubathengisi abahlukene angena kalula endaweni efanayo.

Okutholakele Okubalulekile

• Ububanzi: Ilungiswe ngamasentimitha angu-19 (482.6 mm), okuqinisekisa ukuhambisana komhlaba wonke.
• Ukuphakama: Kulinganiswa ngamayunithi e-rack (U), kanti ama-rack angu-42U kanye no-48U avame kakhulu ezindaweni zedatha.
• Ukujula: Iguquguquka phakathi kuka-600 mm no-1200 mm, ikhethiwe ngokusekelwe kubude beseva, isikhala sekhebula kanye nokuhamba komoya.
• Izinhlobo ze-rack: Ama-relay racks anezimbobo ezimbili zemishini yokuxhumana elula, ozimele abanezimbobo ezivulekile zamaseva asindayo, kanye nezindawo zokuvala ukuze kube nezimo eziphephile nezilawulwa uthuli.
• Izesekeli zokufaka: Izimbobo eziyisikwele ezinama-cage nuts manje seziyindinganiso embonini, zihambisana nama-slide rails, ama-CMA (izikhali zokuphatha ikhebula) kanye nama-PDU ukuze kusebenze kahle.

Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokufakwa kwe-rackmount

• Hlela ukukhula – Khetha i-rack enezingxenye ezengeziwe ze-rack ukuze ikwazi ukwamukela amaseva esikhathi esizayo, izinhlelo ze-UPS, noma ama-PC ezimboni.
• Beka phambili ukupholisa – Qinisekisa ukuthi umoya ugeleza kusukela phambili kuya emuva, shiya isikhala semibhobho yabalandeli, futhi ucabangele ukufaka amapuleti angenalutho ukuze ugweme izindawo ezishisayo.
• Hlela ukuxhumanisa izintambo - Sebenzisa abaphathi bekhebula eliqondile, ama-PDU angenalutho, kanye nama-CMA ukuze ugcine ukuxhumeka kwekhebula kuhlelekile futhi kusebenza kahle.
• Qinisekisa ukuzinza – Ezindaweni ezizamazama noma zezimboni, sebenzisa ama-rack aqinisekiswe yizindinganiso zeTelcordia GR-63-CORE.
• Kala kabili, faka kanye – Qinisekisa njalo ukujula kwerekhi, iphethini yokufakwa kwembobo kanye nomthamo wesisindo ngaphambi kokufakwa.

Ngokusebenzisa le mikhuba emihle kakhulu yokufaka ama-rack, abaphathi be-IT kanye nonjiniyela bangakha ingqalasizinda yama-rack enwebekayo, ephephile, futhi enokwethenjelwa ekhulisa isikhathi sokusebenza, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle komoya, futhi ibe lula ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside.