Ingano n'ingano bya Rack ya santimetero 19 byasobanuwe: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye ku mahame ya Server na Rackmount PC

Agasanduku k'amasantimetero 19 ni urufatiro rusanzwe ku isi rukoreshwa mu gushyiraho seriveri, ibikoresho by'itumanaho, ibikoresho byo kugenzura inganda, n'ibikoresho by'amajwi n'amashusho. Mbere na mbere byasobanuwe n'amahame ya EIA-310, agasanduku gatanga ubugari bw'imbere bwa santimetero 482.6, bigatuma ibikoresho bitandukanye bivuye mu nganda zitandukanye bishyirwa mu gikari kimwe. Uku guhuza kwatumye sisitemu zo gushyiramo amasansi ziba inkingi y'amakuru, ibyumba by'itumanaho, studio zo gusakaza amajwi, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda.

Ingano z'ibirahure zishingiye ku gitekerezo cy'igice cy'ibirahure (U), aho 1U ingana na santimetero 44.45 z'uburebure. Ibikoresho nka seriveri ya 1U, ububiko bwa 2U, cyangwa mudasobwa y'inganda ya 4U bishobora gushyirwa mu girahure kimwe, bikongera ubucucike mu gihe bigumana ingano iteganijwe. Ubujyakuzimu burahinduka cyane, buri hagati ya mm 600 na mm 1200 (santimetero 24–48), kandi akenshi bitoranywa hashingiwe ku bisabwa gukonjesha, gucunga insinga, n'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bishobora gushyirwa mu girahure bikoreshwa.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi by'uburyo bwa rack ya santimetero 19 birimo:

• Gukorana neza ku bacuruzi bose
• Gukoresha umwanya neza binyuze mu gutondeka ahantu hahagaze
• Gushobora kwaguka mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga cyangwa ibidukikije by'inganda
• Inkunga y'ibikoresho nk'ibikoresho byo gucunga insinga, ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ingufu n'ibikoresho byo kubika umwuka.

Mu ikoranabuhanga rya none n'inganda, ingano n'ingano by'agasanduku ka santimetero 19 ni byo shingiro ryo kubaka ibikorwa remezo byizewe, byaguka kandi byujuje ibisabwa.

Iyi raki ya santimetero 19 yabaye ishingiro ry’ibikoresho byo gushyiramo mudasobwa, seriveri, n’ibikoresho by’itumanaho mu gihe kirenga ikinyejana. Inkomoko yayo ikomoka kuri AT&T mu 1922, ubwo ibikoresho byo gusimbuza telefoni byatangaga sisitemu isanzwe yo gushyiramo kugira ngo byoroshye kuyishyiraho no kuyibungabunga. Icyatangiye ari igisubizo cy’itumanaho cyahise kiba ihame mpuzamahanga ku bigo by’amakuru, ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda, n’ibikoresho by’amajwi n’amashusho.

Kugira ngo harebwe ko ibikoresho bihuye neza igihe kirekire, hashyizweho amahame mpuzamahanga atandukanye agenga rack:

• EIA-310-D – Igena ubugari bwemewe bwa santimetero 19, uburebure bwa mm 44.45 n'intera y'umwobo.
• IEC 60297 – Igipimo mpuzamahanga cy’ingano y’ibirahuri, imiterere y’imyobo yo gushyiraho no guhuza uturere.
• DIN 41494 – Igipimo ngenderwaho cy’i Burayi gishingiye ku bipimo bya IEC kandi gikunze gukoreshwa mu makabati yo kugenzura imikorere y’inganda.
• CEA-310-E – usimbuye amabwiriza ya EIA, areba ingano imwe y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'iby'ikoranabuhanga.

Igitekerezo cy'ingenzi ni igikoresho cyo gushyiramo ibikoresho (U), gipima uburebure bw'igikoresho mu gipimo cya santimetero 1.75. Ibi bituma seriveri ya 1U rackmount, igikoresho cyo kubikamo ibikoresho bya 2U, cyangwa shasi ya 4U ikora ibikoresho by'inganda bihura neza mu gipfunyika kimwe.

Imbonerahamwe y'incamake yihuse

Izi ngingo ngenderwaho z’ibice binini ziracyari ingenzi kugira ngo mudasobwa zikoresha rack, seriveri, swichi na sisitemu z’inganda zikomeze gukorana, kwaguka no kwizerwa mu nganda zose.

Gusobanukirwa ingano y'ibanze ya rack ya santimetero 19 ni ingenzi mu gihe ukoresha mudasobwa zo gushyiramo rack, seriveri, n'ibikoresho bya network. Ibipimo bitatu by'ingenzi ni ubugari, uburebure, n'ubujyakuzimu, buri kimwe giteganywa n'amahame y'inganda, ariko gifite itandukaniro ku mikoreshereze yihariye.

• Ubugari bw'igipangu – Ubugari bw’imbere busanzwe ni santimetero 482.6 nk’uko byasobanuwe na EIA-310. Inzira zo gushyiramo zirafunganye gato, zifite intera ya santimetero 17.75 imbere, kugira ngo ibikoresho bifite imigozi cyangwa imigozi bikomeze gukwira. Inganda zimwe na zimwe zikoresha imigozi ya santimetero 23, ariko ingano ya migozi ya santimetero 19 iracyari ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga no mu kugenzura inganda.
• Uburebure bw'igipangu – bipimirwa mu bice bya raki (U), aho 1U ingana na santimetero 44.45. Ibikoresho nka seriveri za 1U rackmount, ububiko bwa 2U, na mudasobwa z'inganda za 4U byagenewe iki gipimo. Ingano zisanzwe za chassis ni 42U cyangwa 48U, zifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru bwa metero zirenga 1.
• Ubujyakuzimu bw'igisenge – Bitandukanye n'ubugari n'uburebure, ubujyakuzimu ntabwo busanzwe bungana. Ingano zisanzwe ni 600 mm (24″), 800 mm (31.5″), 1000 mm (39.4″), na 1200 mm (47.2″). Guhitamo ubujyakuzimu bigira ingaruka ku micungire y'insinga, uburyo umwuka unyuramo, no guhuza na seriveri nini.

Incamake y'ingano z'ibirahuri

Mu guhuza n'ibi bipimo by'ibice by'ibikoresho, ibigo bireba uburyo bwo gukorana, gukoresha neza umwanya, n'ibikorwaremezo bishobora kwaguka haba mu ikoranabuhanga no mu nganda.

Agasanduku ka santimetero 19 kaboneka mu bwoko butandukanye n'imiterere itandukanye, buri kimwe kigenewe mudasobwa zikoresha rack, seriveri, itumanaho n'inganda. Guhitamo imiterere ikwiye bituma umwanya ukoreshwa neza, umwuka utembera neza ndetse n'ibikoresho bishyigikirwa neza.

• Ibikoresho byo gupakiramo ibyuma bibiri (relay) - zoroshye, zoroheje, kandi akenshi zishyirwa hasi, izi ni nziza cyane ku bikoresho byo gushyiramo imiyoboro, ibikoresho byo gushyiramo imiyoboro, n'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo imiyoboro byoroheje. Bikunze kuboneka mu makabati y'itumanaho aho ubujyakuzimu n'uburemere ari bike.
• Ibirahuri by'inyuma bine zitanga imigozi yo gushyiramo imbere n'inyuma, zigatanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza uburemere kuri seriveri, sisitemu za UPS, na mudasobwa zikomeye zo mu nganda. Zishobora kuba zifunguye kugira ngo zigerweho cyangwa zigafungwa kugira ngo zigenzurwe umutekano n'uburyo umwuka unyuramo.
• Ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo (akabati) – Ifunze neza ifite inzugi zifunze, ibipande byo ku ruhande, na sisitemu zo gucunga insinga. Bikunzwe cyane mu bigo by’amakuru n’ibyumba by’inganda bikoresha ikoranabuhanga aho kurinda ivumbi, gucunga ubukonje, n’umutekano ari ingenzi cyane.
• Ibikoresho byometseho inkuta – ahantu hato ho gukingira ibiro by'amashami, ibyuma bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya AV, cyangwa inganda nto. Ubusanzwe hashobora kuba hagati ya 6U na 18U.
• Ibikoresho byihariye byo gupakira – Harimo udusanduku tw’indege tudakoresha amajwi mu biro, udusanduku tw’indege tw’amashanyarazi dukurikije Telcordia GR-63-CORE, hamwe n’udusanduku tw’indege twa ATA two mu bwoko bwa “mobile conditioner” two gukoresha mu gutangaza no mu gutangaza amakuru mu buryo bwa “live”.

Incamake y'imiterere y'agasanduku

Mu guhitamo imiterere ikwiye y'urukiramende, ibigo bishobora kugira uburinganire hagati y'ubucucike, gukonjesha, gucunga insinga n'umutekano kugira ngo habeho ibikorwa remezo byo gushyiramo urukiramende neza kandi byizewe.

Igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu iyo ari yo yose ya santimetero 19 ni imiyoboro yayo yo gushyiramo ibikoresho, ibi bikaba ari byo bigaragaza uburyo mudasobwa, seriveri, n'ibikoresho bya interineti bishyirwamo mu buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze. Nubwo ingano n'ingano byayo ari byo birema urwego rw'umuyoboro, imiyoboro, imiterere y'imyobo, n'ibifunga ni byo bituma habaho ituze ry'igihe kirekire, byoroshye kugeraho, kandi bihura n'ibikoresho bitandukanye.

Ubwoko bw'imyobo yo gushyiramo

Amahame ngenderwaho y’inganda asobanura ubwoko butatu bw’imyobo ikoreshwa mu migozi yo ku rukuta:

• Umwobo urimo imigozi - Umwobo urimo imigozi mbere y'uko ucukurwa (ubusanzwe ni 10-32, 12-24, cyangwa M6) wakira imigozi. Wizewe, ariko ntugoramye cyane, kuko kuwupfunyika cyane bishobora kwangiza imigozi.
• Binyuze mu myobo (izunguruka) - imyobo idafite imigozi isaba vis n'imbuto. Ntibikunze kugaragara mu nyubako za IT zigezweho, ariko biracyaboneka mu nganda zifungiyemo.
• Utwobo tw’impande - ni two dusanzwe dukoreshwa muri iki gihe. Utwo twobo twakira utubuto tw’ibiraro, bigatuma habaho ubwoko butandukanye bw’udupira no gusimbuza vuba. Dusanzwe mu dusanduku twinshi twa seriveri, mu bigo by’amakuru, no mu makabati y’ibigo.

Gushyiraho imigozi n'uburyo bwo kunyerera

Inzira zo kuraramo ni inkingi zihagaze mu kirahuri zifata ibikoresho. Ibikoresho byinshi, cyane cyane seriveri zo gushyiramo rack na mudasobwa zo mu nganda, bikoresha ibikoresho byo kuraramo bifatanye n'inzira zo kuraramo imbere n'inyuma. Izi sisitemu zemerera:

• Kubona byoroshye kubibungabunga cyangwa kubisimbuza
• Inkunga ishyushye kuri seriveri z'ibigo
• Imiyoboro yo gucunga insinga (CMA) yo gutunganya insinga inyuma ya seriveri

Imiyoboro myiza isanzwe ikorwa mu cyuma gifite ubunini bwa mm 2 cyangwa icyuma kinini, ibyo byongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo ku bikoresho biremereye bya 2U cyangwa 4U.

Inkunga y'inyubako n'iby'imitingito

Kugira ngo ibikoresho bikomere, imigozi ine ikwirakwizwa neza, bityo bigabanye uburemere bw'ibikoresho bishyirwamo. Mu bidukikije bishobora guhinda umushyitsi cyangwa guhindagurika kw'imitingito, imigozi igomba kubahiriza amabwiriza ya Telcordia GR-63-CORE na GR-3108-CORE. Ibi bisaba imigozi ikomeye, inkingi zo kuyishyigikira, n'ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira imitwaro myinshi.

Ibikoresho byo kongeramo ibikoresho n'ibikoresho

Urusobe rw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bya rackmount rukunze kuba rugizwe na:

• Imbuto zo mu kago n'imbuto zo gukata - zo guhindura ingano zitandukanye z'imbuto
• Adaptateri ya gari ya moshi – yo gushyiramo ibikoresho bidasanzwe
• Udusanduku tw'insinga n'imiyoboro y'amazi - byo gucunga neza insinga
• Ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi (PDUs) - bishyizwe mu mwanya uhagaze cyangwa ahantu hatari zeru-U kugira ngo amashanyarazi atange neza
• Imiyoboro y'abafana n'ibikoresho byo guhumeka umwuka - bikomeza gukonjesha neza muri seriveri zipakiye cyane

Imbonerahamwe y'ibipimo by'ibice byo guteranya

Mu guhitamo sisitemu ikwiye yo gushyiraho gari ya moshi n'ibikoresho byayo, ibigo bizeza ko ibikorwaremezo byayo byo gushyiramo rack bitaba ari umutekano gusa, ahubwo ko binanozwa kugira ngo byorohere kubibungabunga, umuyaga utembera neza, kandi bigire icyizere mu gihe kirekire.

Agasanduku k'amasantimetero 19 si urufatiro gusa, ahubwo ni urufatiro rwo kubika ubwoko bwinshi bwa mudasobwa zikoreshwa mu bigo by'amakuru, itumanaho, itangazamakuru, no mu buryo bwikora mu nganda. Ingano n'ingano byako bisanzwe byemerera ibikoresho bitandukanye bivuye ku bacuruzi benshi kubana mu gikari kimwe, bigatuma habaho gukorana neza no kwaguka.

Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gushyiramo rack

• Kompyuta za Rackmount na mudasobwa zo mu nganda – akenshi uburebure bwa 1U kugeza kuri 4U, bwagenewe kugenzura inganda, imikorere y’uruganda no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu mibare.
• Seriveri – Seriveri z’amapine, seriveri za porogaramu ya 1U na seriveri zo kubika za 2U–4U ni zo ziganjemo uduce two gupakira amakuru.
• Ibikoresho by'urusobe rw'itumanaho – routers, switches, firewalls na patch panels bigize urufatiro rw'imiyoboro y'ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho ry'ibigo.
• Imashini zitanga amashanyarazi n'izikonjesha – sisitemu za UPS zo gushyiramo rackmount, PDU (Power Distribution Units) n'udusanduku tw'abafana two kugenzura uburyo umwuka unyuramo.
• Ibikoresho by'amajwi n'amashusho – ibyuma bivanga amajwi, amplifiers na encoders zo gusakaza, bikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya AV n'ibijyanye n'itangazamakuru.

Gukoreshwa mu bidukikije bitandukanye

• Ibigo by'amakuru –Racks zituma seriveri zishyirwa mu buryo bufite ubucucike bwinshi, gukonjesha neza umwuka (kuva imbere ujya inyuma) no gucunga neza insinga.
• Ibikoresho by'itumanaho – Ibyuma bibiri byo gusimbuza ibyuma bitanga itumanaho bifite ibyuma byoroheje byo gusimbuza itumanaho n'ibikoresho byo gusimbuza ibyuma.
• Ibidukikije by'inganda – Ibikoresho bifunze birinda ibikoresho byo mu nganda bifungiramo ibikoresho by'inganda ivumbi, imihindagurikire y'ubushyuhe n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.
• Itangazamakuru na AV – imitako yihariye itanga umwanya wo kurinda urusaku, kugenda (igihe cy'indege) n'umutekano w'imitingito.

Ameza yo Gushyiramo Ibikoresho bya Raki

Binyuze mu gukoresha imiterere ya rack ya santimetero 19, ibigo bigeraho mu buryo bwiza bwo gukora, bikura mu buryo bw'imiterere, kandi binoze kubungabunga, bigatuma biba amahitamo rusange ku bikorwa remezo bigezweho bya rackmount. (Menya byinshi kuri 1U rackmount PCs, 2U rackmount PCs, nibindi)

Nubwo agakoresho ka santimetero 19 ari ko gakoreshwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu gushyiraho seriveri, mudasobwa zo mu nganda zikoresha rackmount , hamwe n'ibikoresho by'umuyoboro w'itumanaho, hari andi mabwiriza ajyanye n'ibirahure akomeje gukoreshwa mu nganda zimwe na zimwe. Gusobanukirwa aya tandukaniro ni ingenzi mu gihe cyo gutegura no kwagura ibikorwa remezo.

Amabwiriza y'inyongera ku gikoresho cyo gupakira

• Udukingirizo twa santimetero 10 - Udukingirizo duto, dukoreshwa mu bikoresho bito bya interineti, ibikoresho bya AV cyangwa laboratwari zo mu rugo. Bizigama umwanya, ariko ntibishobora kwagurwa kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu bucuruzi cyangwa mu nganda.
• Raki za santimetero 23 - Ni igipimo cy’itumanaho cya kera, gikunze gukoreshwa mu bigo bya kera byo guhinduranya amakuru. Izi raki zifite ubugari bwa panel (584 mm) ariko ahanini zisimbuzwa na raki za santimetero 19 mu bigo bigezweho byo gukusanya amakuru.
• Ikirahuri Gifunguye (OCP) – Cyakozwe n'Umushinga wa Open Compute, izi kirahuri zifite ubugari bwa chassis bwa mm 600 ariko zigashyigikira modules za IT zagutse (inchi 21 / mm 533). Zikundwa cyane mu bigo bitanga amakuru ku bwinshi kugira ngo zirusheho kuba nziza kandi zinoze uburyo umwuka utembera.
• Eurocard / DIN 41494 – Ikoreshwa cyane mu buryo bwo kugenzura no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho mu nganda, ijyanye n'ibisobanuro bya IEC 60297. Ikunze gukoreshwa ku bikoresho bishingiye kuri PCB mu buryo bwikora no mu buryo bwo gupima.

Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya

Kugereranya agasanduku ka santimetero 19 n'izi mpinduka bisobanuye neza impamvu gakomeje kuba amahitamo akomeye: guhuza ibintu mu buryo bwagutse, kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda, no kwaguka. Ahantu hihariye—nk'itumanaho cyangwa imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya hyperscale—hashobora gukomeza guhitamo ubundi buryo bwo gukora ibintu runaka.

Agasanduku k'amasantimetero 19 gakomeje kuba urwego rusange rwa mudasobwa zo mu rugo zishyiraho agasanduku, seriveri, ibikoresho bya interineti, na sisitemu zo kugenzura inganda. Ingano n'ingano byako bisanzwe bya gasanduku - santimetero 19 z'ubugari, uburebure bwa santimetero 1.75 (U), na mm 600–1200 z'ubujyakuzimu - bitanga ubushobozi bwo gukorana bukenewe mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, itumanaho, n'inganda. Binyuze mu kubahiriza amahame ya EIA-310 na IEC 60297, amasosiyete yemeza ko ibikoresho biva ku bacuruzi batandukanye bihura neza mu gipangu kimwe.

Ibyavumbuwe by'ingenzi

• Ubugari: Ifite santimetero 482.6, igenzura ko ihuye n'isi yose.
• Uburebure: Ibipimirwa mu bice bya raki (U), aho raki za 42U na 48U ari zo zikunze kugaragara mu bigo bitanga amakuru.
• Ubujyakuzimu: Ishobora kuba hagati ya mm 600 na mm 1200, yatoranijwe hashingiwe ku burebure bwa seriveri, intera iri hagati y'insinga n'uburyo umwuka unyuramo.
• Ubwoko bw'ibirahuri: Udukingirizo two gusimbuza ibyuma byoroheje by'itumanaho, udukingirizo dufunguye ibyuma bine by'imashini ziremereye, n'udukingirizo kugira ngo ibidukikije bigenzurwe neza kandi bigenzurwa n'umukungugu.
• Ibikoresho byo gushyiramo: Utwobo tw’impande zombi dufite imbuto zo mu kato ubu ni two dukoreshwa mu nganda, dufatanye n’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, CMA (insinga zo gucunga insinga) na PDU kugira ngo bikore neza.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho rackmount

• Gahunda yo gukura – Hitamo agakoresho gafite andi mamashini yo gushyiramo ibikoresho kugira ngo gashobore kwakira seriveri, sisitemu za UPS, cyangwa mudasobwa z’inganda.
• Shyira imbere gukonjesha – Menya neza ko umwuka utemba uva imbere ujya inyuma, usige umwanya wo gushyiramo imiyoboro y'umuyaga, kandi utekereze ku masahani adafite ikintu gifunze kugira ngo wirinde ahantu hashyuha cyane.
• Tegura insinga - Koresha abashinzwe gucunga insinga bahagaze, PDU zero-U, na CMA kugira ngo insinga zikomeze kuba nziza kandi zikora neza.
• Menya neza ko ibintu bihamye – Mu bidukikije birimo imitingito cyangwa inganda, koresha udukingirizo twemewe n'amabwiriza ya Telcordia GR-63-CORE.
• Pima kabiri, shyiramo rimwe – Buri gihe yemeza uburebure bw'igipangu, imiterere y'umwobo wo gushyiraho n'ubushobozi bw'uburemere mbere yo kuyishyiraho.

Mu gukoresha ubu buryo bwiza bwo gushyiraho ibyuma bifunga ibyuma, abayobozi b'ikoranabuhanga n'abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga bashobora kubaka ibikorwa remezo bya ibyuma bifunga ibyuma bifunga ibyuma, bifite umutekano kandi byizewe, bigatuma habaho igihe cyo gukora neza, kunoza imikorere y'umwuka, no koroshya imicungire y'ibikoresho mu gihe kirekire.